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14 Oct 2008, 10:31
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B
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
45%
(medium)
Question Stats:
66% (01:52) correct
34%
(02:02)
wrong
based on 1207
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Vitamin XYZ has long been a favorite among health food enthusiasts. In a recent large study, those who took large amounts of vitamin XYZ daily for two years showed on average a 40 percent lower risk of heart disease than did members of a control groups. Researchers corrected for differences in relevant health habits, such as diet.
Which one of the following inference is most supported by the passage?
(A) Taking large amount of vitamins is probably worth risking the side effects.
(B) Those who take large doses of vitamin XYZ daily for the next two years will exhibit on average an increase in the likelihood of avoiding heart disease.
(C) Li, who has taken large amounts of vitamin XYZ daily for the past two years, has a 40 percent lower risk.
(D) Taking large amounts of vitamin XYZ daily over the course of one’s adult life should be recommended to most adults.
(E) Health food enthusiasts are probably correct in believing that large daily doses of multiple vitamins promote good health.
Which one of the following inference is most supported by the passage?
(A) Taking large amount of vitamins is probably worth risking the side effects.
(B) Those who take large doses of vitamin XYZ daily for the next two years will exhibit on average an increase in the likelihood of avoiding heart disease.
(C) Li, who has taken large amounts of vitamin XYZ daily for the past two years, has a 40 percent lower risk.
(D) Taking large amounts of vitamin XYZ daily over the course of one’s adult life should be recommended to most adults.
(E) Health food enthusiasts are probably correct in believing that large daily doses of multiple vitamins promote good health.
Updated on: 30 Jul 2016, 04:44
Originally posted by LogicGuru1 on 29 Jul 2016, 12:21.
Last edited by LogicGuru1 on 30 Jul 2016, 04:44, edited 2 times in total.
Last edited by LogicGuru1 on 30 Jul 2016, 04:44, edited 2 times in total.
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It doesn't get easier than this
ANSWER IS B
Inference by definition is something that can be inferred or in terms of logic "deduced" from the premises. In other words it is a kind of a new belief or evidence that can be formed using already supplied evidences in the argument. Lets analyse 2 important properties of Inference
1) If you have red and blue paint then you can make numerous shades of purple by mixing red paint and blue paint. This individual red paint is a premise and the individual blue paint is another premise. The shades of purple produced by mixing red and blue in different ratios are inferences. Noteworthy is that since pure red or pure blue are not PURPLE, so you cannot call Red or blue as purple ; similarly you cannot call any explicitly defined premise as a inference. Inference can only either be a mixture of the premises or some derivative of it.
2) If you have red and blue paint , you can only make purple paint by mixing them , you cannot make orange paint. For orange paint you will need red and yellow paint. Similarly an inference cannot be made from facts that are absent in the original premises.
Using these two inherent qualities of Inference deduction we can find the answer
The premises of the argument are that vitamin xyz is popular amongst health conscious people and a recent study showed that consumption of large amount of vitamin xyz reduced risk the of diseases in people by an average of 40%.
A) Taking large amount of vitamins is probably worth risking the side effects.
WRONG:- When the original premise doesn't talk about side effect, we cannot create any inference about side effect.
(B) Those who take large doses of vitamin XYZ daily for the next two years will exhibit on average an increase in the likelihood of avoiding heart disease.
CORRECT:- A beautiful shade of purple . Premise talks about DECREASE in risk of having diseases. Inference taks about INCREASED PROBABILITY OF NOT HAVING DISEASE.
This are essentially the same fact, said in a two different ways. IT's a derivative of premise and thus is the correct inference. BINGO !!
(C) Li, who has taken large amounts of vitamin XYZ daily for the past two years, has a 40 percent lower risk.
WRONG:- so close, but wrong. First the option is kind of dicey .. 40 % lower risk of what ? getting mugged, getting kidnapped, getting cancer. The argument does not specifies the risk of" WHAT". Even if we assume that the argument is talking about diseases, then we have to keep in mind the the question- who Li is? The premise tells us that study concluded AVERAGE 40% decrease. Is it possible Li is one of the guy who only has 10 % decrease. Is it possible Li is one of the guys who 60 % decrease. Since taking vitamin XYZ results in a range of values that are then then averaged to get a mean value, we cannot take this option as an absolute certainty. In other words red and blue have been mixed randomly, even though you will get a purple you cannot predict what will be the exact saturation, hue and brightness of that purple. All you know that it will resemble some shade of purple.
(D) Taking large amounts of vitamin XYZ daily over the course of one’s adult life should be recommended to most adults.
WRONG:- Again since the premise does not talk about any sort of recommendation, we cannot take it as answer. Its like some saying red and blue were the most popular colours in renaissance painting . WE cannot say that , all we can say is that red + blue = purple.
(E) Health food enthusiasts are probably correct in believing that large daily doses of multiple vitamins promote good health.
WRONG :- Argument states that vitamin xyz is a favourite of health enthusiast. It does not talk about their beliefs.
ANSWER IS B
Inference by definition is something that can be inferred or in terms of logic "deduced" from the premises. In other words it is a kind of a new belief or evidence that can be formed using already supplied evidences in the argument. Lets analyse 2 important properties of Inference
1) If you have red and blue paint then you can make numerous shades of purple by mixing red paint and blue paint. This individual red paint is a premise and the individual blue paint is another premise. The shades of purple produced by mixing red and blue in different ratios are inferences. Noteworthy is that since pure red or pure blue are not PURPLE, so you cannot call Red or blue as purple ; similarly you cannot call any explicitly defined premise as a inference. Inference can only either be a mixture of the premises or some derivative of it.
2) If you have red and blue paint , you can only make purple paint by mixing them , you cannot make orange paint. For orange paint you will need red and yellow paint. Similarly an inference cannot be made from facts that are absent in the original premises.
Using these two inherent qualities of Inference deduction we can find the answer
The premises of the argument are that vitamin xyz is popular amongst health conscious people and a recent study showed that consumption of large amount of vitamin xyz reduced risk the of diseases in people by an average of 40%.
A) Taking large amount of vitamins is probably worth risking the side effects.
WRONG:- When the original premise doesn't talk about side effect, we cannot create any inference about side effect.
(B) Those who take large doses of vitamin XYZ daily for the next two years will exhibit on average an increase in the likelihood of avoiding heart disease.
CORRECT:- A beautiful shade of purple . Premise talks about DECREASE in risk of having diseases. Inference taks about INCREASED PROBABILITY OF NOT HAVING DISEASE.
This are essentially the same fact, said in a two different ways. IT's a derivative of premise and thus is the correct inference. BINGO !!
(C) Li, who has taken large amounts of vitamin XYZ daily for the past two years, has a 40 percent lower risk.
WRONG:- so close, but wrong. First the option is kind of dicey .. 40 % lower risk of what ? getting mugged, getting kidnapped, getting cancer. The argument does not specifies the risk of" WHAT". Even if we assume that the argument is talking about diseases, then we have to keep in mind the the question- who Li is? The premise tells us that study concluded AVERAGE 40% decrease. Is it possible Li is one of the guy who only has 10 % decrease. Is it possible Li is one of the guys who 60 % decrease. Since taking vitamin XYZ results in a range of values that are then then averaged to get a mean value, we cannot take this option as an absolute certainty. In other words red and blue have been mixed randomly, even though you will get a purple you cannot predict what will be the exact saturation, hue and brightness of that purple. All you know that it will resemble some shade of purple.
(D) Taking large amounts of vitamin XYZ daily over the course of one’s adult life should be recommended to most adults.
WRONG:- Again since the premise does not talk about any sort of recommendation, we cannot take it as answer. Its like some saying red and blue were the most popular colours in renaissance painting . WE cannot say that , all we can say is that red + blue = purple.
(E) Health food enthusiasts are probably correct in believing that large daily doses of multiple vitamins promote good health.
WRONG :- Argument states that vitamin xyz is a favourite of health enthusiast. It does not talk about their beliefs.
spriya
General Discussion
14 Oct 2008, 15:11
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B is consistent with the language of the question. Daily dose for 2 years will reduce the risk---- same thing as increasing the likelihood of avoiding heart disease.
