A career in the medical profession, which requires an enormous investment of time and money, do not guarantee success as there is so much competition.

(A) which requires an enormous investment of time and money, do not guarantee success as there is so much competition

(B) which requires an enormous investment of time and money, does not guarantee success since there is so much competition

(C) requiring an enormous investment of time and money, without guarantee because there is so much competition

(D) requires an enormous investment of time and money, and it cannot guarantee success because there is so much competition

(E) requires that an enormous investment of time and money be made and success cannot be guaranteed due to the competition

Source: Dominate the GMAT
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OFFICIAL EXPLANATION



HIGHLIGHTS

• Exceptions to the modifier touch rule
-- the modifier touch rule says that a noun modifier ought to touch the noun that it describes
-- if two modifiers exist (such as "in the medical profession" and "which requires"), the essential one "trumps" the nonessential one.
The prepositional phrase cannot be placed elsewhere, so which must come after
-- it is common for WHICH and other modifiers to "reach behind" a prepositional phrase in order to get to the noun.

• COMMAS do not come between subjects and verbs without reason

The first comma eliminates D and E.

Correct: My friend Sam from Texas lived across the street.
Wrong: My friend Sam from Texas, lived across the street.
Wrong: My friend from Texas, lived across the street.

The moment that you see a fairly simple subject such as a career in the medical profession followed by a comma in the non-underlined portion of the sentence, get ready for a modifier, conjunction, dependent clause, or anything except its own verb.

• the causation words are okay except for "due to" (I keep expecting GMAC folks, who read these and other boards) to stop hammering this issue, but they do not.
-- because is the best causal connector in this case. as and since are okay.

THE PROMPT



When one subject (a career in medicine) is followed by two verbs (requires, cannot guarantee), we have a compound predicate (more than one verb phrase).

THE OPTIONS


• singular career does not match plural does
• Remember: a dependent clause such as which requires . . . does not change the singularity or plurality of the subject.
(The Ernest Hemingway question, HERE, explicitly tests that guideline.


• looks good: the subject is modified by a which-clause (something other than the verb must come after that comma) and singular career agrees with singular does


• requiring is an effective way to modify the noun career
• the sentence is a fragment, though—it lacks a verb.
--Requiring is not a working verb.


• the singular verb requires is correct, but it cannot be preceded by a comma
• I would not mark the pronoun IT as ambiguous, though your mileage may vary.
-- a pronoun is ambiguous if it has more than one logical referent
-- from context, I gather that the sentence highlights two negative parts of a career in the medical profession. It requires a lot and it promises little. The much bigger problem is the comma between subject and verb.

(E) A career in medicine, requires that an enormous investment of time and money be made and success cannot be guaranteed due to the competition[/quote]
• the comma before the verb requires is fatal
• requires that X be Y is fine, but the construction is cumbersome.
• "due to" is used incorrectly. Test it: substitute "caused by" for "due to."
When "cause by" works, "due to" is okay.

The correct answer is B

COMMENTS

lifeforhuskar , adityapopli , welcome to SC Butler.

Did you know that today is International Beer Day?

I wish I liked beer. It smells good sometimes.

This answer is pretty straightforwardly (B), but I sense resistance.

True, the word which should be as close as possible to what it modifies.
But "as close as possible, though, allows for exceptions.
Which can and often does modify the "main noun" in a prepositional phrase.

These answers are all very good.
I often give kudos for good reasoning even if it led you the wrong result.
Assuming that you read these responses , you won't make that mistake again.

bartk , I am bumping your post to Best Community Reply.

Everyone: nice work. Happy kudos.

A career in the medical profession, which requires an enormous investment of time and money, do not guarantee success as there is so much competition.

Subject : A career requires a verb which should be ' requires'

which is a relative pronoun that incorrect modifies medical profession and not a career.
a career does not guarantee success as there is so much competition.

choice (D): requires an enormous investment of time and money, and it cannot guarantee success because there is so much competition

Now a career has a verb 'requires'
It correctly refers to a career
do not is removed and cannot is used instead which corrects the agreement error in other choices.
The sentence is logical and uses proper grammar to convey meaning.

IMHO D

A career in the medical profession, which requires an enormous investment of time and money, do not guarantee success as there is so much competition.

(A) which requires an enormous investment of time and money, do not guarantee success as there is so much competition

Which refers to profession, not the career

(B) which requires an enormous investment of time and money, does not guarantee success since there is so much competition

Same as a

(C) requiring an enormous investment of time and money, without guarantee because there is so much competition

No verb

(D) requires an enormous investment of time and money, and it cannot guarantee success because there is so much competition

Correct

(E) requires that an enormous investment of time and money be made and success cannot be guaranteed due to the competition

Be made is incorrect

IMO D

Posted from my mobile device

A career in the medical profession, which requires an enormous investment of time and money, do not guarantee success as there is so much competition.

(A) which requires an enormous investment of time and money, do not guarantee success as there is so much competition SVA mistake

(B) which requires an enormous investment of time and money, does not guarantee success since there is so much competition - correct answer

(C) requiring an enormous investment of time and money, without guarantee because there is so much competition - SVA - no verb for the subject career

(D) requires an enormous investment of time and money, and it cannot guarantee success because there is so much competition - double pronoun mistake

(E) requires that an enormous investment of time and money be made and success cannot be guaranteed due to the competition - no needs for comma before requires

A career in the medical profession, which requires an enormous investment of time and money, do not guarantee success as there is so much competition.

(A) which requires an enormous investment of time and money, do not guarantee success as there is so much competition
A career do not guarantee success , does is used for referring the third entity which is singular
I do this , we do this (correct)
career do this (wrong), career does this (correct)

(B) which requires an enormous investment of time and money, does not guarantee success since there is so much competition
does - is the correct form, since is correctly used to explain the reason

(C) requiring an enormous investment of time and money, without guarantee because there is so much competition
A career , requiring lot of investment, without guarantee because ... there is no action or verb in the first part, so sentence appears disconnect

(D) requires an enormous investment of time and money, and it cannot guarantee success because there is so much competition
career requires lot of investment and it cannot guarantee success because... does 'it' point to profession or career.. also this sentence makes it mandatory about career needing lot of investment which is not intended meaning

(E) requires that an enormous investment of time and money be made and success cannot be guaranteed due to the competition
here also it suggests career demands lot of investment to be made. success cannot be guaranteed as a separate element in the list, no more has the connection with career
and use of due to is wrong to specify the reason..

B is the answer!

I eliminated A, C and E.
A - Career is singular...So Career do not guarantee is not correct. It should be Career does not guarantee.
C - Incomplete sentence.....Career requiring....without guarantee because.....
E - requires that seems incorrect. somewhat changes the meaning of the sentence too.

D - no need of comma in between a career in medical profession, requires...It is referring to what ????? It may refer to investment or career....Career is too far from it.