A medical article once pointed with great alarm to an increase in

1. The author’s conclusion about the relationship between age and the ways women walk indicates he believes that

Refer Para 4 :"The older women grew up at a time when a young lady was taught to toe out in walking, while the members of the younger group were learning posture in a day when that was discouraged"

(A) toeing out is associated with aging
(B) toeing out is fashionable with the younger generation
(C) toeing out was fashionable for an older generation
(D) studying equivalent groups proves that toeing out increases with age
(E) studying the same women over a period of time proves that toeing out increases with age

C is the answer IMO

2. The author describes the posited relationship between toeing out and age (Paragraph two and three) in order to

(A) illustrate a folly
(B) show how social attitudes toward posture change
(C) explain the effects of aging
(D) illustrate a medical problem
(E) offer a method to determine a woman’s age from her footprints

Author first presents the positive correlation b/w milk consumption and cancer and later cites few examples demonstrating such positive correlations can be misleading

A is the answer

3. Given the author’s statements in the passage, his advice for evaluating statistics that show a high positive correlation between two conditions could include all the following statements EXCEPT

(A) look for an explanation in the stream of events
(B) consider some trend of the times as the possible cause of both conditions
(C) account for the correlations in some way other than causality
(D) determine which of the two conditions is the cause and which is the effect
(E) decide whether the conclusions have been reached legitimately and the appropriate groupings have been made

C is the answer IMO

4. Assume that there is a high statistical correlation between college attendance and individual earnings. Given this, the author would most probably agree with which one of the following statements about the cause-effect relationship between college attendance and income?

(A) Someone’s potential earnings may be affected by other variables, like wealth or intelligence, that are also associated with college attendance.
(B) Someone who attends graduate school will be rich.
(C) Someone who attends graduate school will earn more money than someone who does not.
(D) Someone who attends college will earn more money than someone who does not attend college.
(E) Someone who attends college will earn more money only because she does attend college.

A is the answer, In the entire passage author is trying to demonstrate seemingly positive correlations could be unrelated an dthere may be some external factors responsible for such events


5. According to the author, Professor Walker believes that

Professor walker demonstrated an instance showing seemingly cause and effect behavior being false and later revealed the older woman walked with a greater angle as they were trained to do so when they were young; however such practice of training women with greater angle was stopped

(A) women who toe out age more rapidly than women who do not
(B) most women toe out as they grow older because age increases the angle between the feet
(C) older women tend to walk with a greater angle between the feet
(D) toeing out is the reason why women grow old
(E) a causal relationship must exist whenever two things vary together

C is the answer IMO

6. The author would reject all the following statements about cause-effect relationships as explanations for the statistics that show an increase in cancer rates EXCEPT that the

(A) Ceylonese drink more milk than the English
(B) Swiss produce and consume large quantities of dairy products
(C) Women of New England drink more milk than the women who live in some states of the southern United States
(D) People of Wisconsin have relatively high life expectancies
(E) People who live in some states of the southern United States have relatively high life expectancies

D is the answer IMO, as Author agrees the Cancer is more common after mid age and if population is likely to live longer, cancer cases might also be more in such a population


7. How would the author be most likely to explain the correlation between the “salaries of California school teachers [and the] profits of Nevada gambling halls” (Highlighted)?

(A) There is a positive correlation that is probably due to California teachers’ working in Las Vegas on weekends to increase both their salaries and increase both their salaries and Nevada’s gambling profits.
(B) There is a positive correlation that is probably linked to general economic trends, but no direct causal relationship exists.
(C) There is a negative correlation that is probably linked to general economic trends, but no direct causal relationship exists.
(D) There is a negative correlation because the element that controls Las Vegas gambling probably has agents in the California school system.
(E) The author would deny the existence of any correlation whatsoever.

B is the answer IMO; Author would not deny the fact that there is positive correlation; However, based on the passage, he/she would suggest some third factor influencing such trend i.e general economic trend in option B