Events & Promotions
|
|
GMAT Club Daily Prep
Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email.
Customized
for You
Track
Your Progress
Practice
Pays
Not interested in getting valuable practice questions and articles delivered to your email? No problem, unsubscribe here.
Nov 2007:30 AM PST
-08:30 AM PST
Learn what truly sets the UC Riverside MBA apart and how it helps in your professional growth
Nov 2211:00 AM IST
-01:00 PM IST
Do RC/MSR passages scare you? e-GMAT is conducting a masterclass to help you learn – Learn effective reading strategies Tackle difficult RC & MSR with confidence Excel in timed test environment- Nov 23
11:00 AM IST
-01:00 PM IST
Attend this free GMAT Algebra Webinar and learn how to master the most challenging Inequalities and Absolute Value problems with ease. 
Nov 2510:00 AM EST
-11:00 AM EST
Prefer video-based learning? The Target Test Prep OnDemand course is a one-of-a-kind video masterclass featuring 400 hours of lecture-style teaching by Scott Woodbury-Stewart, founder of Target Test Prep and one of the most accomplished GMAT instructors.
12 Oct 2018, 05:38
Kudos
Bookmarks
One purpose of a COMMA + VERBing modifier is to express an action that is a COMPONENT of the preceding action or state-of-being.
SC30 in the OG12:
Animal-hide shields were essential items of military equipment, protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
Here, COMMA + PROTECTING WARRIORS is a component of the preceding state-of-being (the shields WERE ESSENTIAL).
In other words, when the shields WERE ESSENTIAL, they were -- as a part of being essential -- PROTECTING WARRIORS.
The SC above intends to convey that receiving training and developing a foundation were components of the main action (Einstein attended the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich).
In other words, when Einstein ATTENDED SCHOOL, he was -- as a part of this action -- RECEIVING TRAINING and DEVELOPING A FOUNDATION.
The original sentence conveys this meaning by expressing the two actions in blue not as regular verbs but as COMMA + VERBing modifiers:
After moving to Switzerland in the 1890’s, Albert Einstein attended the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich, receiving in-depth training in quantitative analysis and developing a foundation for his future work in mathematical physics.
B and C replace COMMA + developing with a simple past tense verb -- developed -- implying that Einstein DEVELOPED a foundation independently of his attendance at the Zurich school.
As a result, B and C distort the intended meaning of the original sentence.
Since the original sentence conveys a logical meaning, any answer choice that distorts this meaning can be eliminated.
Eliminate B and C.
SC30 in the OG12:
Animal-hide shields were essential items of military equipment, protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
Here, COMMA + PROTECTING WARRIORS is a component of the preceding state-of-being (the shields WERE ESSENTIAL).
In other words, when the shields WERE ESSENTIAL, they were -- as a part of being essential -- PROTECTING WARRIORS.
The SC above intends to convey that receiving training and developing a foundation were components of the main action (Einstein attended the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich).
In other words, when Einstein ATTENDED SCHOOL, he was -- as a part of this action -- RECEIVING TRAINING and DEVELOPING A FOUNDATION.
The original sentence conveys this meaning by expressing the two actions in blue not as regular verbs but as COMMA + VERBing modifiers:
After moving to Switzerland in the 1890’s, Albert Einstein attended the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich, receiving in-depth training in quantitative analysis and developing a foundation for his future work in mathematical physics.
B and C replace COMMA + developing with a simple past tense verb -- developed -- implying that Einstein DEVELOPED a foundation independently of his attendance at the Zurich school.
As a result, B and C distort the intended meaning of the original sentence.
Since the original sentence conveys a logical meaning, any answer choice that distorts this meaning can be eliminated.
Eliminate B and C.
Mo2men
Joined: 26 Mar 2013
Last visit: 09 May 2023
Posts: 2,439
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 641
Concentration: Operations, Strategy
Schools: Erasmus (II)
Products:
13 Oct 2018, 04:28
Kudos
Bookmarks
GMATGuruNY
Does the above kind of 'COMMA + VERBing' describe 'HOW the preceding action acts or is'? Is like the following example:
He killed the snake, using a stick. (Here: 'using stick describes HOW the action of killing was done)
Quote:
As you always explained, Any COMMA + VERBing must be CONCURRENT with the preceding clause/ action . However, I'm not convinced that 'developing' is something that happens CONCURRENTLY with 'attending the school'. Rather,I think 'developing' happens after the attending the school or at least after a while not on the same time of attendance.
Can you help please?
Thanks in advance
13 Oct 2018, 07:10
Kudos
Bookmarks
Mo2men
The OA conveys that -- while Einstein attended school -- he was at the same time developing A FOUNDATION FOR HIS FUTURE WORK.
A foundation = the most basic part of something.
Implication:
During his time in school, Einstein was developing the most basic part of his work -- work that he would complete in the FUTURE.
This meaning seems logical.
