This is a brilliant question on the concept of Overlapping sets. What makes this question challenging is that we do not know the exact number of students studying Japanese.
Let us first break down the question data and the question stem:
At least 100 students study Japanese – this means, number of students studying Japanese ≥ 100.
4 percent of the students who study French also study Japanese – students studying both subjects = 4 percent of students studying French.
Do more students study French than Japanese – Is F > J?
From statement I alone, 16 students study both subjects. Therefore,
\(\frac{4}{100}\) * F = 16 which gives us F = 400.
But, we do not have any information about J (the number of students studying Japanese) other than J ≥ 100. If J = 101, F>J; if J = 400, F=J; if J = 500, F<J.
Statement I alone is insufficient to compare F and J. Answer options A and D can be eliminated. Possible answer options are B, C or E.
From statement II alone, 10 percent of students studying Japanese also study French. So, these represent students studying both subjects. But, from question data we know that students studying both are 4 percent of students studying French.
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Therefore, \(\frac{10}{100}\) * J = \(\frac{4}{100}\) * F.
From the above equation, we can conclude that \(\frac{F }{ J} = \frac{5}{2}\). Since F and J represent countable objects and cannot be fractions or negative values, it’s clear from the above ratio that F > J.
Statement II alone is sufficient to answer the question with a definite YES. Answer options C and E can be eliminated.
The correct answer option is B.
Hope that helps!
Aravind B T