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Political Analyst: After the Soviet Union collapsed, some hoped that freedom would encourage Russians to multiply, but as a result of dislocation and insecurity, the Russian population continues to dwindle at the rate of 700,000 a year. The government proposes to address the problem with a wide range of financial incentives, along with investments in improved health care, road safety and the like. These are positive measures, but they have been tried before, to little avail. A better plan to reverse the population decline is to improve the country's governance in both the public and the private sphere. If a greater part of the population participated in important decisions and shared in the country's wealth, then larger families would result. In addition, if corruption and greed among the elite were curbed, public health would improve and average life expectancy would increase.

The two boldfaced statements serve what function in the argument above?


A) The first is the main point of the analyst's argument; the second is a premise that supports the the first.

B) The first is a premise that undermines an alternative to the analyst's proposal; the second is a premise that supports the analyst's main claim.
Correct: I'll go with this one. The premise is that the previous plan was not effective. The analyst's proposal is the population sharing in wealth and decisions. The alternative to the analyst's proposal is wide range financial incentives, but the premise of them being tried before and being ineffective undermines the government's plan to try again.




C) The first is a premise that contradicts the main point made by the analyst; the second is the main point of the argument.

D) The first is a premise that supports a proposal; the second is that proposal.

E) The first is a conclusion that the argument endorses; the second is a premise that opposes that conclusion.
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B) The first is a premise that undermines an alternative to the analyst's proposal; the second is a premise that supports the analyst's main claim. - Correct Option

E) The first is a conclusion that the argument endorses; the second is a premise that opposes that conclusion.

The passage speaks about two different plan of actions. First one bombed which led the author to state that the measures been tried but to little avail.
Second plan (A better Plan) is an alternative provided by the author which is sure to bring in the desired effect.
First bold statement is not a conclusion but premise that takes neutral stand to the actual conclusion.

Hope this helps.
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Trying to stay focuse on

E) The first is a conclusion that the argument endorses; the second is a premise that opposes that conclusion.

The first is NOT a conclusion because the passage says : These are positive measures, (doing financial incentives, investments and so on) BUT but they have been tried before, to little avail
so this is not a conclusion but something that going in a counter direction, in contrast with something said before. The plan before has tried to do something but has failed

The conclusion: A better plan to reverse the population decline is to improve the country's governance in both the public and the private sphere. The following sentence starts with: If a greater part of the population participated in important decisions and shared in the country's wealth, then larger families would result.

This statement is NOT against conclusion, but support the main claim of the argument that says to improve country's governance.

You have to stay on the look out of key words. :)

Hope is useful my explanation.
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what is the main point of the author's argument?
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nityabhasin
what is the main point of the author's argument?
This sentence in the passage states the author's main point.

A better plan to reverse the population decline is to improve the country's governance in both the public and the private sphere.

(Too bad members of Russian government didn't read this CR question, not that population growth is a good thing, but some better governance of Russia would be.)
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The answer choice B is just perfectly twisted if one does not read it carefully.
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