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Updated on: 01 May 2019, 23:12
Originally posted by EMPOWERgmatVerbal on 03 Jun 2015, 21:31.
Last edited by Bunuel on 01 May 2019, 23:12, edited 3 times in total.
Last edited by Bunuel on 01 May 2019, 23:12, edited 3 times in total.
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D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
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66% (02:25) correct
34%
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CR WEAKEN SERIES: 3) Frequency-Dependent Foraging
Frequency-dependent foraging refers to the tendency of an individual to selectively forage on a certain species based on the relative frequency of that foraged species in the wild. Generally, the more populous a species, the more likely that species is to be selected as the primary foraged species. Surprisingly, several unrelated university sponsored laboratory experiments on bumblebees, tested with an identical foraged species, yielded dramatically different results. In some experiments, the bumblebees thrived, while in others they perished. Given that each of the experiments had comparable funding, the varying results must have been attributable to the quality of the way the experiments were maintained by the researchers conducting them.
Which one of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the conclusion drawn above?
Ⓐ In the wild, frequency-dependent foraging among bumblebees typically occurs when any one of a small number of foraged species is present.
Ⓑ The same basic experiment design guidelines were used for each of the experiments.
Ⓒ The number of academic calendar years of experience among those who conducted the laboratory experiments varied from four years to five years.
Ⓓ The species of bumblebee used in the laboratory experiments varied from experiment to experiment.
Ⓔ A team at the same university that conducted one of the frequency-dependent foraging experiments has been accused of exaggerating the findings of an experiment conducted just two years prior.
48 Hour Window Answer & Explanation Window
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OA, and explanation will be posted after 48 hour window closes.
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◀ CR WEAKEN SERIES: Question 2) Several Craverton Employees
▶ CR ASSUMPTION SERIES: Question 1) Belmont Industries
Frequency-dependent foraging refers to the tendency of an individual to selectively forage on a certain species based on the relative frequency of that foraged species in the wild. Generally, the more populous a species, the more likely that species is to be selected as the primary foraged species. Surprisingly, several unrelated university sponsored laboratory experiments on bumblebees, tested with an identical foraged species, yielded dramatically different results. In some experiments, the bumblebees thrived, while in others they perished. Given that each of the experiments had comparable funding, the varying results must have been attributable to the quality of the way the experiments were maintained by the researchers conducting them.
Which one of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the conclusion drawn above?
Ⓐ In the wild, frequency-dependent foraging among bumblebees typically occurs when any one of a small number of foraged species is present.
Ⓑ The same basic experiment design guidelines were used for each of the experiments.
Ⓒ The number of academic calendar years of experience among those who conducted the laboratory experiments varied from four years to five years.
Ⓓ The species of bumblebee used in the laboratory experiments varied from experiment to experiment.
Ⓔ A team at the same university that conducted one of the frequency-dependent foraging experiments has been accused of exaggerating the findings of an experiment conducted just two years prior.
48 Hour Window Answer & Explanation Window
Earn KUDOS! Post your reasoning why the answer you chose is correct, and why the other 4 options are incorrect within 48 hours of this post.
OA, and explanation will be posted after 48 hour window closes.
Scroll Down For Official Explanation
◀ CR WEAKEN SERIES: Question 2) Several Craverton Employees
▶ CR ASSUMPTION SERIES: Question 1) Belmont Industries
apoorv601
Joined: 21 May 2015
Last visit: 27 Nov 2017
Posts: 197
Given Kudos: 57
Concentration: Operations, Strategy
Schools: MIT-LGO '18 Ross '18 Tepper '18 Krannert '18 Fisher '18 Kelley '18 Scheller '18 Smeal Penn'18 ISB '17 W. P. Carey Arizona State '18
GMAT 1: 750 Q50 V41
Schools: MIT-LGO '18 Ross '18 Tepper '18 Krannert '18 Fisher '18 Kelley '18 Scheller '18 Smeal Penn'18 ISB '17 W. P. Carey Arizona State '18
GMAT 1: 750 Q50 V41
Posts: 197
03 Jun 2015, 22:00
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Hi Max,
Good to see ur post!!
Conclusion - The varying results must have been attributable to quality of the way the experiments were maintained by the researchers conducting them
Premise - Generally, the more populous a species, the more likely that species is to be selected as the primary foraged species; several unrelated university sponsored laboratory experiments on bumblebees, tested with an identical foraged species, yielded dramatically different results. In some experiments, the bumblebees thrived, while in others they perished.
The argument in the conclusion assumes a cause for the difference in results of an experiment. The things that can weaker the conclusion might be alternate causes of the conclusion, new fact that undermine the quoted cause, etc.
Ⓐ In the wild, frequency-dependent foraging among bumblebees typically occurs when any one of a small number of foraged species is present. - This if true would result in no foraging of bumblebees at all while we see from the experiment that foraging occurs in some cases and did not occur at other.
Ⓑ The same basic experiment design guidelines were used for each of the experiments. - This doesn't undermine the conclusion, while the same basic guidelines may have been used in experiment but the quality of the way the experiments were maintained by the researchers conducting them could have varied, resulting in the difference in results.
Ⓒ The number of academic calendar years of experience among those who conducted the laboratory experiments varied from four years to five years. - This statement does not help explain the difference in results; while it could be that the experience of the people conducting the research could be different but the difference in results could still be because of the quality of the of the way the experiments were maintained by the researchers conducting them
Ⓓ The species of bumblebee used in the laboratory experiments varied from experiment to experiment. - This would be the perfect answer, this presents and alternate cause to the results; if different species are used in the experiments then the difference in foraging would be dependent on the relative frequency of that foraged species
Ⓔ A team at the same university that conducted one of the frequency-dependent foraging experiments has been accused of exaggerating the findings of an experiment conducted just two years prior. - The question is about the difference in results and not that the results were exaggerated
Good to see ur post!!
Conclusion - The varying results must have been attributable to quality of the way the experiments were maintained by the researchers conducting them
Premise - Generally, the more populous a species, the more likely that species is to be selected as the primary foraged species; several unrelated university sponsored laboratory experiments on bumblebees, tested with an identical foraged species, yielded dramatically different results. In some experiments, the bumblebees thrived, while in others they perished.
The argument in the conclusion assumes a cause for the difference in results of an experiment. The things that can weaker the conclusion might be alternate causes of the conclusion, new fact that undermine the quoted cause, etc.
Ⓐ In the wild, frequency-dependent foraging among bumblebees typically occurs when any one of a small number of foraged species is present. - This if true would result in no foraging of bumblebees at all while we see from the experiment that foraging occurs in some cases and did not occur at other.
Ⓑ The same basic experiment design guidelines were used for each of the experiments. - This doesn't undermine the conclusion, while the same basic guidelines may have been used in experiment but the quality of the way the experiments were maintained by the researchers conducting them could have varied, resulting in the difference in results.
Ⓒ The number of academic calendar years of experience among those who conducted the laboratory experiments varied from four years to five years. - This statement does not help explain the difference in results; while it could be that the experience of the people conducting the research could be different but the difference in results could still be because of the quality of the of the way the experiments were maintained by the researchers conducting them
Ⓓ The species of bumblebee used in the laboratory experiments varied from experiment to experiment. - This would be the perfect answer, this presents and alternate cause to the results; if different species are used in the experiments then the difference in foraging would be dependent on the relative frequency of that foraged species
Ⓔ A team at the same university that conducted one of the frequency-dependent foraging experiments has been accused of exaggerating the findings of an experiment conducted just two years prior. - The question is about the difference in results and not that the results were exaggerated
03 Jun 2015, 23:01
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Premise:
More populous species = more likely it is selected to be primary foraged species
Conclusion:
ONLY the way the experiments were conducted => varying results (C => E)
Weakener:
What if some other cause resulted in this effect? (Classic trap)
For example: What if areas where more B were killed had more B to start with? And areas where less B were killed had less B to start with?
This can ALSO explain the effect in the conclusion. So, the given conclusion is NOT the ONLY reason why the effect happened.
Ⓐ In the wild, frequency-dependent foraging among bumblebees typically occurs when any one of a small number of foraged species is present. - We have to attack the conclusion, which is based on experiments performed and NOT based in wild.
Ⓑ The same basic experiment design guidelines were used for each of the experiments. -
Great, this will strengthen the conclusion because it removes the doubt that any experiment had more favorable factors than others. Basically this choice says the sample is representative of the whole.
Ⓒ The number of academic calendar years of experience among those who conducted the laboratory experiments varied from four years to five years.
Assume for a while that this choice does matter. Then we have to assume that the experience of guys somehow has the effect on the understanding of the results. But we are not given if 4-5years of experience has +ve or -ve effect on the understanding of the results (!)
Ⓓ The species of bumblebee used in the laboratory experiments varied from experiment to experiment.
Aha! This choice means that there was atleast SOME other factor that was variable in all these experiments that was ALSO responsible for "varying results", our conclusion.
Ⓔ A team at the same university that conducted one of the frequency-dependent foraging experiments has been accused of exaggerating the findings of an experiment conducted just two years prior.
Assume for a while that this choice were true. Then we have to assume that because they were accussed 2 YEARS PRIOR, means they will ALSO manipulate the results now. Don't know for sure.
Answer choice D is correct based on weakener pre-thought earlier.
More populous species = more likely it is selected to be primary foraged species
Conclusion:
ONLY the way the experiments were conducted => varying results (C => E)
Weakener:
What if some other cause resulted in this effect? (Classic trap)
For example: What if areas where more B were killed had more B to start with? And areas where less B were killed had less B to start with?
This can ALSO explain the effect in the conclusion. So, the given conclusion is NOT the ONLY reason why the effect happened.
Ⓐ In the wild, frequency-dependent foraging among bumblebees typically occurs when any one of a small number of foraged species is present. - We have to attack the conclusion, which is based on experiments performed and NOT based in wild.
Ⓑ The same basic experiment design guidelines were used for each of the experiments. -
Great, this will strengthen the conclusion because it removes the doubt that any experiment had more favorable factors than others. Basically this choice says the sample is representative of the whole.
Ⓒ The number of academic calendar years of experience among those who conducted the laboratory experiments varied from four years to five years.
Assume for a while that this choice does matter. Then we have to assume that the experience of guys somehow has the effect on the understanding of the results. But we are not given if 4-5years of experience has +ve or -ve effect on the understanding of the results (!)
Ⓓ The species of bumblebee used in the laboratory experiments varied from experiment to experiment.
Aha! This choice means that there was atleast SOME other factor that was variable in all these experiments that was ALSO responsible for "varying results", our conclusion.
Ⓔ A team at the same university that conducted one of the frequency-dependent foraging experiments has been accused of exaggerating the findings of an experiment conducted just two years prior.
Assume for a while that this choice were true. Then we have to assume that because they were accussed 2 YEARS PRIOR, means they will ALSO manipulate the results now. Don't know for sure.
Answer choice D is correct based on weakener pre-thought earlier.
