Defenders of special protective labor legislation for women often main

For question 3 refer para 3- "manufacturers using the chemicals comply with laws protecting women against these hazards by refusing to hire them. Thus the sex-defined legislation protects the hypothetical female worker, but has no effect whatever on the safety of any actual employee. The health risks to male employees in such industries cannot be negligible, since chemicals toxic enough to cause birth defects in fetuses or sterility in women are presumably harmful to the human metabolism."

Here the author suggests through an example that the "chemical manufacturer" refuses to hire women workers to "protect" them rather than improving the working conditions for all the employees. Hence choice (C) Such laws exert no pressure on employers to eliminate hazards in the workplace.


5. The main point of the passage is that special protective labor laws for women workers are

(A) unnecessary because most workers are well protected by existing labor laws
The author clearly mentions in the first para that "they are, in practice, more of a curse than a blessing." Therefore, it is extreme to say that the laws are unnecessary. That is why choice (B) is more correct than this choice.
(B) harmful to the economic interests of women workers while offering them little or no actual protection
Correct.
(C) not worth preserving even though they do represent a hard-won legacy of the labor movement
The author does not present a such extreme conclusion. In the last para, he concludes that these laws do not meet their intended purpose.
(D) controversial because male workers receive less protection than they require
The author has used only one comparison between male and female workers (para 3). In that too, the author says that 'all' employees are subjected to risks.
(E) inadequate in that they often do not prevent employers from exposing women workers to many health hazards
The main point is not limited to only health aspects. The passage talks about overall economic development and interests of women. The author does not say the laws are inadequate, rather he questions that overall logic behind making 'sex defined laws' and 'laws protecting only special groups'.


7. According to the passage, special labor laws protecting women workers tend generally to have which of the following effects?

(A) They tend to modify the stereotypes employees often hold concerning women.
Modify stereotypes? Absolutely not. They are rather based on stereotypical assumptions.
(B) They increase the advantage to employers of hiring men instead of women, making it less likely that women will be hired.
(C) They decrease the likelihood that employers will offer more protection to women workers than that which is absolutely required by law.
The author questions that these laws are actually providing more opportunities to the employers to discriminate. Para 2 is completely regarding this (choice B). Therefore, 'more protection' is out of question.
(D) They increase the tendency of employers to deny health insurance and disability plans to women workers.
Tendency to deny health insurance-> Not discussed in the passage.
(E) They have little impact of any kind on women workers, since typically very few women are employed in those classes of jobs covered by the laws.
"those classes of jobs covered by the laws"-> this is nowhere discussed in the passage.

Hope, this clears your doubts Rheaa1908

question 6 choice A is sort of incomplete, that what i personally think because the phrase from passage - The lawmakers and the courts continue to permit employers to offer employee health insurance plans that cover all known human medical disabilities except those relating to pregnancy and childbirth.

Could you please provide us with OE?

can anyone explain question 6?

Can anyone please explain the reasoning behind Q6?

In summary
i) 1st para introduces the special legislation but quickly jumps to an opinion that they are being used against people it was supposed to benefit.
ii) gives situations where the legislation has been used against women (veteran employment, reducing opportunities in the name of protection, inadequate coverage in insurance policies etc.)
iii) Discusses more situations of how the special laws are used against women (not hiring in certain industries interacting with harmful chemicals), and how protection needs to be provided to anyone irrespective of gender
iv) concludes with similar expression in 1st para and presents the requirements that need to be considered by the special laws

Q1) Correct Answer should be Option A.
This question can be answered by directly looking at Line 5 of 2nd Para. Option B is exact opposite of what happened. Option C & E are anyway incorrect because the nowhere in the passage is attracting women into employment a subject. Option D is not true (cannot be inferred from passage) and irrelevant.

Q2) Correct Answer should be Option D.
Since the author of the passage discusses how the special laws are being misused by employers and the passage in which the highlighted word is present presents situations where the exploitation happened, the word 'protecting' is more of a cliched use. Option A is incorrect because the author doesn't quote any specific laws in the entire passage. Option B, C are in a positive sense, where as the right option should have the negative feel. Option E is far too negative as the passage never said health of workers is supposed to be out rightly overlooked.

Q3) Correction Answer should be Option C. The right option should give a drawback or an example of misuse of the special protective law. Option A ruled out because the passage never talked about the strength of the special laws, it rather quotes how employers misuse them and weakness of a law is not a drawback in itself. Option B is sort of out of scope choice because the passage never explicitly quotes the intention of lawmakers who drafted the laws, moreover, laws being written by ill-intentioned law makers cannot be draw back of the law itself. Option D is complete opposite of the intention of the Passage. Option E is out of scope again because the passage never talked about the discrimination that may arise due to implementation of the special laws (without the employers taking advantage)

Q4) Correct Choice should be E. The author clearly quotes historical data points/instances to conclude how the special laws are being misused. Option A, B, C are out of scope. Option D is the stance of the defenders/advocates and author doesn't agree with their defense

Q5) Correct Option Should be B. Option A is exact opposite of the intention of the passage. Option C recommends removal of the special laws, whereas the passage neatly puts forward some of the loopholes in the laws which need to be rectified and not everything is to the detriment of women. Option D is untrue as per passage. Option E is the opposite in that the employers, as per the author, are using the special laws to prevent women from being employed (not to mention that it is restricted in scope)

Q6) Correct answer should be option A. Option B is ruled out because the passage never quoted if the special laws required special health insurance plans for women. Option C is out of scope of the passage and is a benefit for the male employees only. Option D is incorrect because there is no quote of the scope of the health insurance which only meets the minimum legal requirements, further, the 2nd para specifically talks about coverage for most conditions, specifically for males. Option E is out of scope as the passage never talked of improvement to the existing policies

Q7) Correct answer is B. Need to look out for a negative choice or a choice that quotes misuse. Option A is ruled out because it is a positive. Option C is incorrect because, the special laws as quoted in the passage have never been restrictive in providing benefits to employees, the author rather discusses how the loopholes in the legislation are being misused by the employers. Option D is out of scope as the employers never denied providing health insurance, they have just been inadequate for women and a specific set of men in certain industries. Option E is out of scope as the passage never talked about the share of women in positions where health insurance is to be mandatorily provided by the employer.

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