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EducationAisle

In option D, "that" modifies the noun/noun phrase preceding it, whichever makes sense.
In option D, favors can modify either wages or discrimination?
However, both cannot make sense. Hence we eliminate option D on this basis.

Please evaluate my reasoning.
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EducationAisle

In option D, "that" modifies the noun/noun phrase preceding it, whichever makes sense.
In option D, favors can modify either wages or discrimination?
However, both cannot make sense. Hence we eliminate option D on this basis.

Please evaluate my reasoning.
Basically, in D, "that" seems to modify "discrimination". So, D seems to be illogically suggesting that "discrimination" favors predominantly male occupations over those that are predominantly female!

This is incorrect because according to the intended meaning of the original sentence, "discrimination" has just given rise to substantial differentials. "discrimination" itself does not favor anything.
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EducationAisle

Alright. Got it.
"Discrimination" is the subject and "in wages" is a part of a prepositional phrase. "Favors" is the verb.
Hence, this sentence does not make sense.

Got it.
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EducationAisle

Alright. Got it.
"Discrimination" is the subject and "in wages" is a part of a prepositional phrase. "Favors" is the verb.
Hence, this sentence does not make sense.

Got it.
Oh no..."that" can definitely modify words in "prepositional phrases". For example:

In D however, since the verb is "favors", this is an indication that "that" can only modify something "singular"; hence, "that" cannot modify the plural noun "wages". So, the only noun that "that" can modify in D is "discrimination".
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EducationAisle,

Yes Yes. I got it. My bad.
My earlier usage of "that" was what I was referring to.
"That" can modify the Noun/ Noun preceding it whichever makes sense.
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