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We have been given three tabs. For the first two question, we will consider the first two tabs.

First Tab: Economists
- The benefits that local residents will receive from a new or improved road, should be measured.
- These benefits should then be compared with the total construction costs of the project.
- Only then will any investment in building or improving roads be made with reasonable confidence.

Second Tab: Ecologist
- Community planners should consider the full range of ecological effects of any road construction projects.
- Evaluations based on only a few species or resources may be adequate for small projects, but the construction of several highway systems can together alter entire regions, disrupting migratory pathways and other ecosystem processes.
- These effects may be augmented by the conversion of land to industrial or residential use that usually accompanies road building.
- Once all of the environmental considerations have been evaluated, planners should proceed with a proposed road construction project only if it will not damage sensitive ecosystems or if suitable mitigation measures can be implemented.

Question 1
Based on the information given, which one of the following can be most logically inferred?


A. The ecologist faults community planners generally for not considering the effect of converting land to industrial or residential use.
: Ecologist isn't blaming anyone.

B. The economist would allow road construction to proceed even if it would threaten sensitive ecosystems.
: Nothing as such is stated.
C. Both the economist and ecologist offer guidance for planners who are considering whether to undertake road construction projects.: This is true, hence this is the answer.


Scroll down for answer 2
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rohan.garg971
In Q3, I think the 1st statement is still Not acceptable - we are not given any information whether the proposed route alteration can change the benefits or not.
Rule of thumb: ­Read "could be" in Reasoning as "will be"
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1)C,since both economist and ecologist are talking about the impacts of road construction project and whether to carry it.

2)a)No,since no one is endorsing the project rather one is looking the impact and benefits of the project for people and the other is looking the impact on environment.
b)Yes,both are concerned with how the planners base their decision,I mean is it via public good or via ecological/environmental considerations
c)No,there is no such bias mentioned in the above para, it's just that both are talking of two different cases.


3) Statement 2 & 3 are directly not acceptable since 2 only talks about the economic benefits,which only satisfies the economist criteria and here there might be negative environmental impacts,while in statement 3 it is only talking about the ecosystem and not about the economy,thus looking on only one side of the coin

While statement 1 talks about ecology (avoiding any problems to environment by planning the road) and economy(since cost saving is there,which ultimately saves taxpayers money and road is also constructed ,thus economic benefits are also there) ,so both economist and ecologist are happy

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­Hi,

Why the answer for question 2.a is No? My reasoning is that as benefit is 2.5 mln while cost is 2 mln, economist is more willing to accept the project compared to ecologist who has the econological concerns regarding the project.­

Or is it because the question asks general question about the road construction projects rather than focusing only to the new one given in another tab?
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KarishmaB

Can you please help me with Q2 (b) - The economist and the ecologist are both concerned with the criteria on which community planners base decisions.

After going through the passage, it seems that both economist and ecologist talks about how community planners should base their decisions, not how they are doing it currently.
The choice asks whether both are concerned with the criteria which planners use currently to base decisions, so this should be NO, but OA is yes.­
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On #1, I am confused as to why answer C is considered an inference. Isn't answer C describing the structure / main point of the arguments?
Apt0810
1)C,since both economist and ecologist are talking about the impacts of road construction project and whether to carry it.

2)a)No,since no one is endorsing the project rather one is looking the impact and benefits of the project for people and the other is looking the impact on environment.
b)Yes,both are concerned with how the planners base their decision,I mean is it via public good or via ecological/environmental considerations
c)No,there is no such bias mentioned in the above para, it's just that both are talking of two different cases.


3) Statement 2 & 3 are directly not acceptable since 2 only talks about the economic benefits,which only satisfies the economist criteria and here there might be negative environmental impacts,while in statement 3 it is only talking about the ecosystem and not about the economy,thus looking on only one side of the coin

While statement 1 talks about ecology (avoiding any problems to environment by planning the road) and economy(since cost saving is there,which ultimately saves taxpayers money and road is also constructed ,thus economic benefits are also there) ,so both economist and ecologist are happy

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Q1 needs to be solved purely like an inference question - ELIMINATE the bad ones
a. ecologist isnt blaming, only suggesting. DISTORTION
b. we dont know what economist will do in case of sensitive ecosystems being threatened, we only know this about the ecologist. maybe the econonomist cares, maybe he doesnt, we dont know. cant confirm!
d. we dont know if ecologist cares about economic impact, cant confirm!
e. 180 degrees. They both define criteria.
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Hey sajjad,

Can you please post the OE for 2b ?

My doubt is that the statement says that -

'The economist and the ecologist are both concerned with the criteria on which community planners base decisions'

From this statement, I infer that the Economist and ecologist are both concerned with the criteria on which the planners actually base their decisions.
But, From both the Economist and ecologist arguments, we are unable to infer anything about the criteria on which planners actually base their decisions.
Both the arguments, of the Economist and the Ecologist, seem to be concerned about the criteria that the planners should consider and no hint is provided on what criteria the planners actually consider.

Am i missing something out here ?
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Hi Apt0810

I think in question-3, statement-2 is also wrong because it talks about "neighbouring" communities, not local communities.

Apt0810
1)C,since both economist and ecologist are talking about the impacts of road construction project and whether to carry it.

2)a)No,since no one is endorsing the project rather one is looking the impact and benefits of the project for people and the other is looking the impact on environment.
b)Yes,both are concerned with how the planners base their decision,I mean is it via public good or via ecological/environmental considerations
c)No,there is no such bias mentioned in the above para, it's just that both are talking of two different cases.


3) Statement 2 & 3 are directly not acceptable since 2 only talks about the economic benefits,which only satisfies the economist criteria and here there might be negative environmental impacts,while in statement 3 it is only talking about the ecosystem and not about the economy,thus looking on only one side of the coin

While statement 1 talks about ecology (avoiding any problems to environment by planning the road) and economy(since cost saving is there,which ultimately saves taxpayers money and road is also constructed ,thus economic benefits are also there) ,so both economist and ecologist are happy

Posted from my mobile device
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Question 2.a is asking about the general point of view on the road construction projects. So, we can not infer the stated sentence from the information. That's why answer is NO
nijat00
Apt0810
1)C,since both economist and ecologist are talking about the impacts of road construction project and whether to carry it.

2)a)No,since no one is endorsing the project rather one is looking the impact and benefits of the project for people and the other is looking the impact on environment.
b)Yes,both are concerned with how the planners base their decision,I mean is it via public good or via ecological/environmental considerations
c)No,there is no such bias mentioned in the above para, it's just that both are talking of two different cases.


3) Statement 2 & 3 are directly not acceptable since 2 only talks about the economic benefits,which only satisfies the economist criteria and here there might be negative environmental impacts,while in statement 3 it is only talking about the ecosystem and not about the economy,thus looking on only one side of the coin

While statement 1 talks about ecology (avoiding any problems to environment by planning the road) and economy(since cost saving is there,which ultimately saves taxpayers money and road is also constructed ,thus economic benefits are also there) ,so both economist and ecologist are happy

Posted from my mobile device
­Hi,

Why the answer for question 2.a is No? My reasoning is that as benefit is 2.5 mln while cost is 2 mln, economist is more willing to accept the project compared to ecologist who has the econological concerns regarding the project.­

Or is it because the question asks general question about the road construction projects rather than focusing only to the new one given in another tab?
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