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Can someone explain why the correct answer for question 6 is option A and not option B?
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SajjadAhmad Please provide explanation for Q6&7

time taken : 14.00 Minutes got 5/7 correct.

Passage : A POLICY OF US GOVT.
Para 1: In 1940's & 50's the US government in view of the civil rights decided to start a policy of readjustment. This policy was created :
a) To end goverment involvement in native american's affairs &
b) To absorb the native american's in mainstream society.
another event occured in the same time , Native American's became active in the society and they foccused on thier identity.
Now historical event will be highlighted to show the events that occured thereafter.

Para 2 : (The DEAL)
In 1956 ,IBA ,an US govt. Agency, suggested to one of the tribes in US to own their land and pay taxes in return and in return, Govt. will ensure that tribes had right to sell their land and will pay a lumpsum 60000$ to each tribal member.

Para 3 : (THE RESULT)
Tribes rejected the deal as they were suspicious of the motives of the govt. and they felt the proposal to pay taxes on thier land will be a burden on them. Instead , they demanded better facilities for them.As a result the policy failed.


1. Which one of the following would be most consistent with the policy of readjustment described in the Passage?

(A) the establishment among Native Americans of tribal system of elected government
(B) the creation of a national project to preserve Native American language and oral history
(C) the establishment of programs to encourage Native Americans to move from reservations to urban areas ( Correct)
This was the motive of the US govt. for introducing the policy of eadjustment as given para 1

(D) the development of a large-scale effort to restore Native American lands to their original tribes
(E) the reaffirmation of federal treaty obligations to Native American tribes

2. According to the passage, after the 1956 meeting the Oneida resolved to

(A) obtain improved social services and living conditions for members of the tribe ( correct) The result of the deal as given in para 3 last.lines.
(B) pursue litigation designed to reclaim tribal Lands
(C) secure recognition of their unique status as a self-governing Native American nation within the United States
(D) establish new kinds of tribal institutions
(E) cultivate a life-style similar to that of other United States citizens

3.Which one of the following best describes the function of the first paragraph in the context of the passage as a whole

(A) It summarizes the basis of a conflict underlying negotiations described elsewhere in the passage. ( correct) Conflict -BTW IBA and the tribe, negotiations - highlighted in para 2 to implement the law.
(B) It presents two positions, one of which is defended by evidence provided in succeeding paragraphs
(C) lt compares competing interpretations of a historical conflict.
(D) It analyzes the causes of a specific historical event and predicts a future development.
(E) It outlines the history of a government agency.

4.The author refers to the increased awareness of civil rights during the 1940s and 1950s most probably in order to

(A) contrast the readjustment movement with other social phenomena
(B) account for the stance of the Native American leadership
(C) help explain the impetus for the readjustment movement Civil rights was the reason why govt. introduced the readjustment law.( correct)
(D) explain the motives of BIA bureaucrats
(E) foster support for the policy of readjustment


5.The passage suggests that advocates of readjustment would most likely agree with which one of the following statements regarding the relationship between the federal government and Native Americans

(A) The federal government should work with individual Native Americans to improve life on reservations.
(B) The federal government should be no more involved in the affairs of Native Americans than in the affairs of other citizens.( correct). Advocates of the policy will promote the motives of US govt.
(C) The federal government should assume more responsibility for providing social services to Native Americans.
(D) The federal government should share its responsibility for maintaining Native American territories with tribal leaders
(E)The federal government should observe all provisions of treaties made in the past with Native Americans @
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Can someone explain why the correct answer for question 6 is option A and not option B?

Explanation

6. The passage suggests that the Oneida delegates viewed the Canandaigua Treaty as

Difficulty Level: 700

Explanation

The treaty in question is mentioned only once, in the last sentence of Paragraph 2, but it is implicitly alluded to at the end of Paragraph 3 and it’s there that the answer to Question to be found. How come? Because (as you’ll recall), each of the offers made by the BIA in Paragraph 2 got an Oneida reaction, and each reaction is described in turn in Paragraph 3. This is an excellent example of how some questions require you to relate two or more references from different parts of the passage, and you’ve got to stay heads-up or you’ll blow it. The “lump-sum payment” was of course “in lieu of” the Canandaigua Treaty provisions, which the Oneida were clearly loath to change because doing so might put at risk certain ongoing land claims.

(A) is a bit vague but on target. At least it gets the positive tone right. Of the wrong choices, (B) and (E) can be eliminated on the basis of their negative tone. It’s not the Treaty that was a source of problems (B) but the readjustment policy, and (E) is a genuine au contraire choice — one which gives us the exact opposite of what the question is asking for. “An obsolete agreement”?

(C) and (D) are positive statements but poor choices. Since the tribe and the government were already bound together by the Canandaigua Treaty, the delegates would have no reason to view the treaty as a model for a potential future agreement with the federal government (C).

And as for (D), it’s really reaching to describe the Oneidas’ desire to affirm tribal identity as an aspiration to become “an independent...nation”; and even if that were a fair characterization, the passage never links it up with the Canandaigua Treaty.

Answer: A
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SajjadAhmad Please provide explanation for Q6&7

Explanation

7. Which one of the following situations most closely parallels that of the Oneida delegates in refusing to accept a lump-sum payment of $60,000?

Difficulty Level: 700

Explanation

Lines in the second para

The Oneida were then offered a one-time lump-sum payment of $60,000 in lieu of the $0.52 annuity guaranteed in perpetuity to each member of the tribe under the Canandaigua Treaty.

describe the payment and lines in the third para

Finally, the offer of a lump-sum payment was unanimously opposed by the Oneida delegates, who saw that changing the terms of a treaty might jeopardize the many pending land claims based upon the treaty.

describe the refusal. Remember, the rejection was not based on financial grounds, but on the fact that the $60,000 would alter the terms of the Canandaigua Treaty and jeopardize certain pending land claims. So a parallel situation would involve someone turning down an offer not on financial grounds, but because it would have dire legal consequences. That’s (B), of course — and notice that the gesture of the Oneidas and that of the employee share a certain selflessness that makes the parallel even tighter. None of the other choices reflects this logic.

In choices (A), (C) and (D), the student, the teenager, and the customer, respectively, refuse the deals offered to them by the university, the parents, and the car dealer, respectively, purely on financial grounds. In none of these scenarios is a deal refused for a legal reason (or, for that matter, a selfless one).

Finally, although the scenario in choice (E) involves a legal issue, the tenant really refuses the landlord’s offer because it would inconvenience her, not because accepting it might jeopardize a legal position.

Answer: B

Hope it helps
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I think para 1 sets the stage for the entire idea behind the passage. Once you understand it, rest of the passage becomes a simpler read :)

Para 1 1: One event envisaged equal civil rights for the tribals (and hence moving away from reservations) while another event wanted them to form their own institution and stay as tribals. These conflicting ideas were used by BIA to convince a tribe to join readjustment that was supported by the first event
Para 2: How BIA tried to convince the tribe to join readjustment policy (proposed benefits of readjustment)
Para 3: Why tribe rejected readjustment
Para 4: What alternate course of action did the tribe pursue



1. Which one of the following would be most consistent with the policy of readjustment described in the Passage?

(A) the establishment among Native Americans of tribal system of elected government
(B) the creation of a national project to preserve Native American language and oral history
(C) the establishment of programs to encourage Native Americans to move from reservations to urban areasBecause the increased awareness of civil rights in these decades helped reinforce the belief that life on reservations prevented Native Americans from exercising the rights guaranteed to citizens under the United States Constitution Basically saying that reservations were bad in way and hence tribals should come under the larger umbrella of US citizens
(D) the development of a large-scale effort to restore Native American lands to their original tribes
(E) the reaffirmation of federal treaty obligations to Native American tribes

2. According to the passage, after the 1956 meeting the Oneida resolved to

(A) obtain improved social services and living conditions for members of the tribe Clearly mentioned in para 4.
(B) pursue litigation designed to reclaim tribal Lands
(C) secure recognition of their unique status as a self-governing Native American nation within the United States
(D) establish new kinds of tribal institutions
(E) cultivate a life-style similar to that of other United States citizens

3.Which one of the following best describes the function of the first paragraph in the context of the passage as a whole

(A) It summarizes the basis of a conflict underlying negotiations described elsewhere in the passage. Captured in paragraph summary 1. Both the events highlighted the conflict
(B) It presents two positions, one of which is defended by evidence provided in succeeding paragraphs
(C) lt compares competing interpretations of a historical conflict.
(D) It analyzes the causes of a specific historical event and predicts a future development.
(E) It outlines the history of a government agency


4.The author refers to the increased awareness of civil rights during the 1940s and 1950s most probably in order to

(A) contrast the readjustment movement with other social phenomena
(B) account for the stance of the Native American leadership
(C) help explain the impetus for the readjustment movement Yes this was the force that supported why readjustment was the way ahead since reservations prevented the exercise of these civil rights
(D) explain the motives of BIA bureaucrats
(E) foster support for the policy of readjustment

5.The passage suggests that advocates of readjustment would most likely agree with which one of the following statements regarding the relationship between the federal government and Native Americans

(A) The federal government should work with individual Native Americans to improve life on reservations.
(B) The federal government should be no more involved in the affairs of Native Americans than in the affairs of other citizens. the readjustment movement advocated the end of the federal government's involvement in Native American affairs
(C) The federal government should assume more responsibility for providing social services to Native Americans.
(D) The federal government should share its responsibility for maintaining Native American territories with tribal leaders
(E)The federal government should observe all provisions of treaties made in the past with Native Americans

6.The passage suggests that the Oneida delegates viewed the Canandaigua Treaty as

(A) a valuable safeguard of certain Oneida rights and privilegeschanging the terms of a treaty might jeopardize the many pending land claims based upon the treaty. The treaty had higher value rights attached to it and hence going against one of the terms of the treaty would have been a major risk.
(B) the source of many past problems for the Oneida tribe
(C) a model for the type of agreement they hoped to reach with the federal government
(D) an important step toward recognition of their nation
(E) an obsolete agreement without relevance for their current condition

7.Which one of the following situations most closely parallels that of the Oneida delegates in refusing to accept a lump-sum payment of $60,000 ?

Look for a situation where short term monetary benefit is foregone for a long term monetary benefit. Only (B) fits in.

(A) A university offers a student a four-year scholarship with the stipulation that the student not accept any outside employment; the student refuses the offer and attends a different school because the amount of the scholarship would not have covered living expenses
(B) A company seeking to reduce its payroll obligations offers an employee a large bonus if he will accept early retirement; the employee refuses because he does not want to compromise an outstanding worker's compensation suit
(C) Parents of a teenager offer to pay her at the end of the month for performing weekly chores rather than paying her on a weekly basis; the teenager refuses because she has number of financial obligations that she must meet early in the month
(D) A car dealer offers a customer a S500 cash payment for buying a new car: the customer refuses because she does not want to pay taxes on the amount, and requests instead that her monthly payments be reduced by a proportionate amount.
(E) A landlord offers a tenant several months rent-free in exchange for the tenant's agreeing not to demand that her apartment be painted every two years, as is required by the lease the tenant refuses because she would have to spend her own time painting the apartment
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Took a total of 10 min 35 seconds and got 6/7 correct.


(04:09)
1. Which one of the following would be most consistent with the policy of readjustment described in the Passage?

(A) the establishment among Native Americans of tribal system of elected government
(B) the creation of a national project to preserve Native American language and oral history
(C) the establishment of programs to encourage Native Americans to move from reservations to urban areas
(D) the development of a large-scale effort to restore Native American lands to their original tribes
(E) the reaffirmation of federal treaty obligations to Native American tribes

According to the first paragraph of the passage, " the readjustment movement advocated the end of the federal government's involvement in Native American affairs and encouraged the assimilation of Native Americans as individuals into mainstream society." Here, assimilation of Native Americans into mainstream means to encourage them to physically move out of their native homes/regions/reservations and live/mix with the urban americans. This is stated in option (C), which is the correct option.

(00:44)
2. According to the passage, after the 1956 meeting the Oneida resolved to

(A) obtain improved social services and living conditions for members of the tribe
(B) pursue litigation designed to reclaim tribal Lands
(C) secure recognition of their unique status as a self-governing Native American nation within the United States
(D) establish new kinds of tribal institutions
(E) cultivate a life-style similar to that of other United States citizens

The answer to this question can be determined by analysing the penultimate sentence of the final paragraph. It goes: "Instead, they determined to improve tribal life by lobbying for federal monies for postsecondary education, for the improvement of drainage on tribal lands, and for the building of a convalescent home for tribal members." This sentence can be paraphrased as - Native Americans demanded improvement of various systems and conditions of their tribe. This is coherently implied in option (A).

(01:53)
3.Which one of the following best describes the function of the first paragraph in the context of the passage as a whole

(A) It summarizes the basis of a conflict underlying negotiations described elsewhere in the passage.
(B) It presents two positions, one of which is defended by evidence provided in succeeding paragraphs
(C) lt compares competing interpretations of a historical conflict.
(D) It analyzes the causes of a specific historical event and predicts a future development.
(E) It outlines the history of a government agency.

Conflict: readjustement vs the Native American leadership
Negotations: Meeting in the fall of 1956.
The first paragraph sets the tone for the conflict that led to the negotations discussed in the remainder of the passage. Thus, option (A) is correct.
Now, why is option (B) not the correct answer?
While the first paragraph does state two positions - one pro-readjustment (BIA) and one against it (Native American leadership), the author does not defend any of them. The author gives out facts throughout the passage and even towards the end, she does not support or reject the decision of the Oneida people. Thus, the author did not defend any of the sides. This option is incorrect for this reason.


(00:34)
4.The author refers to the increased awareness of civil rights during the 1940s and 1950s most probably in order to

(A) contrast the readjustment movement with other social phenomena
(B) account for the stance of the Native American leadership
(C) help explain the impetus for the readjustment movement
(D) explain the motives of BIA bureaucrats
(E) foster support for the policy of readjustment

I got this answer incorrect. So, i'll skip giving my two cents on it.

(01:10)
5.The passage suggests that advocates of readjustment would most likely agree with which one of the following statements regarding the relationship between the federal government and Native Americans

(A) The federal government should work with individual Native Americans to improve life on reservations.
(B) The federal government should be no more involved in the affairs of Native Americans than in the affairs of other citizens.
(C) The federal government should assume more responsibility for providing social services to Native Americans.
(D) The federal government should share its responsibility for maintaining Native American territories with tribal leaders
(E)The federal government should observe all provisions of treaties made in the past with Native Americans

This is a pretty straightforward question. The first paragraph states that "he readjustment movement advocated the end of the federal government's involvement in Native American affairs". A re-word of the same is option (B).


(00:38)
6.The passage suggests that the Oneida delegates viewed the Canandaigua Treaty as

(A) a valuable safeguard of certain Oneida rights and privileges
(B) the source of many past problems for the Oneida tribe
(C) a model for the type of agreement they hoped to reach with the federal government
(D) an important step toward recognition of their nation
(E) an obsolete agreement without relevance for their current condition

The final paragraph of the passage states that "changing the terms of a treaty might jeopardize the many pending land claims based upon the treaty." This means that the treaty was valuable to the Oneida people and they did not want to lose it. This scenario is encapsulated in option (A) which is the correct option.


(02:07)
7.Which one of the following situations most closely parallels that of the Oneida delegates in refusing to accept a lump-sum payment of $60,000 ?

(A) A university offers a student a four-year scholarship with the stipulation that the student not accept any outside employment; the student refuses the offer and attends a different school because the amount of the scholarship would not have covered living expenses
(B) A company seeking to reduce its payroll obligations offers an employee a large bonus if he will accept early retirement; the employee refuses because he does not want to compromise an outstanding worker's compensation suit
(C) Parents of a teenager offer to pay her at the end of the month for performing weekly chores rather than paying her on a weekly basis; the teenager refuses because she has number of financial obligations that she must meet early in the month
(D) A car dealer offers a customer a S500 cash payment for buying a new car: the customer refuses because she does not want to pay taxes on the amount, and requests instead that her monthly payments be reduced by a proportionate amount.
(E) A landlord offers a tenant several months rent-free in exchange for the tenant's agreeing not to demand that her apartment be painted every two years, as is required by the lease the tenant refuses because she would have to spend her own time painting the apartment.

The Oneida people did not want to take the lumpsum amount of $60,000 in place of $500 gratuity that they will have received till perpetuity (forever). They did not want to lose the opportunity of making more money ("jeopardize the many pending land claims based upon the treaty"). A scenario almost identical to this one is stated in option (B). Here, the employees don't want to retire and take a huge bonus because they don't want to lose out on all the salaries and benefits they would receive if they kept their job.

Feel free to question/reason/request for further clearance on anything stated in this post. I'd be happy to help.
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Took 20 mins.
6/7 right.
I am a beginner. please suggest, how can I work on my timing?
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Took 20 mins.
6/7 right.
I am a beginner. please suggest, how can I work on my timing?

Hi rishit924,

I suspect you take a lot of time because you do a lot of back and forth when solving questions - meaning you read the passage, then read the question, then go back to the passage to find where the solution might be, then take a lot of time to search for the location, then go back to the question and read it again, and so on.

What you're doing might be different from the above scenario but as long as you're shunting between the passage and the questions, you are bound to take a lot of time.

My suggestion is to thoroughly understand the passage before moving to the questions. Thoroughly comprehending the passage includes note-taking. Don't write everything but only the value points or the summary of each paragraph. This way when you read a question, you know exactly where you have to search in the passage to get its answer. Also, try understanding the question thoroughly so that you don't have to go back and read it again.

NOTE that thoroughly understanding the passage/question might take a few seconds extra but the amount of time you save overall because of better comprehension will work massively in your favour. Initially you might feel as if you are taking a lot more/the same amount of time using this technique. That's simply because you're not accustomed to doing this. Practice and then practice some more and your timing will plummet for sure!

Do try this out and let me know whether this helps. Also, if there are any other specific queries, feel free to reach out. :)
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12:10 minutes in total, 5/7 ... passage took a lot of time :(
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Can someone explain how moving to urban areas is anywhere near the context of the passage. It is nowhere mentioned in the passage yet the correct answer in Q1 seems to suggest that. Thanks!
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Can someone explain how moving to urban areas is anywhere near the context of the passage. It is nowhere mentioned in the passage yet the correct answer in Q1 seems to suggest that. Thanks!

Hi iamdivs,

For the purpose of understanding this bit, pay attention to the first paragraph. I'm going to quote the sentences that clearly explain your query.

".....life on reservations prevented Native Americans from exercising the rights guaranteed to citizens under the United States Constitution". - This means that their native home/land (reservation) is maybe remote/devoid of technology/is lacking some other aspect that has prevented the Native Americans from exercising their rights as citizens of the US.

"...the readjustment movement advocated the end of the federal government's involvement in Native American affairs and encouraged the assimilation of Native Americans as individuals into mainstream society."
- Assimilation means absorbing/adjusting/mixing. Here assimilation of Natives into the mainstream society means a shift in their native place. The readjustment policy encouraged the Native Americans to leave their reservations (native homes) and shift to a place where they would no longer be depreived of exercising rights guaranteed to US citizens. This place is clearly an urban area as opposed to the rural reservations that the Natives call home.

Hope that helps!
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Please provide the official explanation of all the questions. Please.
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Please provide the official explanation of all the questions. Please.

One member posted explanations here in the link below

https://gmatclub.com/forum/during-the-1 ... l#p2219938

Another member posted explanation here in the link below

https://gmatclub.com/forum/during-the-1 ... l#p2518623

Then i have posted explanation here

https://gmatclub.com/forum/during-the-1 ... l#p2518640

Again here in the link below

https://gmatclub.com/forum/during-the-1 ... l#p2518646

Again other member posted his/her reasoning in the link below

https://gmatclub.com/forum/during-the-1 ... l#p2519006

Another explanation is available in the link below

https://gmatclub.com/forum/during-the-1 ... l#p2519095

If these all explanations doesn't make sense then please tag me i will post more.

Thanks and regards
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abcdddddd
rishit924
Took 20 mins.
6/7 right.
I am a beginner. please suggest, how can I work on my timing?

Hi rishit924,

I suspect you take a lot of time because you do a lot of back and forth when solving questions - meaning you read the passage, then read the question, then go back to the passage to find where the solution might be, then take a lot of time to search for the location, then go back to the question and read it again, and so on.

What you're doing might be different from the above scenario but as long as you're shunting between the passage and the questions, you are bound to take a lot of time.

My suggestion is to thoroughly understand the passage before moving to the questions. Thoroughly comprehending the passage includes note-taking. Don't write everything but only the value points or the summary of each paragraph. This way when you read a question, you know exactly where you have to search in the passage to get its answer. Also, try understanding the question thoroughly so that you don't have to go back and read it again.

NOTE that thoroughly understanding the passage/question might take a few seconds extra but the amount of time you save overall because of better comprehension will work massively in your favour. Initially you might feel as if you are taking a lot more/the same amount of time using this technique. That's simply because you're not accustomed to doing this. Practice and then practice some more and your timing will plummet for sure!

Do try this out and let me know whether this helps. Also, if there are any other specific queries, feel free to reach out. :)

Thank you so much.
Will definitely try out and let you know the result :)
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Hi GMATNinja VeritasKarishma can you please help me with question no 6, I can't seem to understand where in the passage is implied that Oneida delegates found the treaty as a valuable safeguard. If anything it has been criticized in para 3.
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Hi GMATNinja VeritasKarishma can you please help me with question no 6, I can't seem to understand where in the passage is implied that Oneida delegates found the treaty as a valuable safeguard. If anything it has been criticized in para 3.

You are confusing "Canandaigua Treaty" with "a meeting that took place in the fall of 1956".
Note last line of second paragraph.

...The Oneida were then offered a one-time lump-sum payment of $60,000 in lieu of the $500 annuity guaranteed in perpetuity to each member of the tribe under the Canandaigua Treaty.


The Oneida were getting $500 annuity under the Canandaigua Treaty.
Para 3 tells us that they rejected "readjustment (one time payment of $60k)" offered at the meeting of 1956 and stuck to the terms of the Canandaigua Treaty (they wanted to continue getting $500 annuity). So they must have seen value in it.
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RohitSaluja
Hi GMATNinja VeritasKarishma can you please help me with question no 6, I can't seem to understand where in the passage is implied that Oneida delegates found the treaty as a valuable safeguard. If anything it has been criticized in para 3.

You are confusing "Canandaigua Treaty" with "a meeting that took place in the fall of 1956".
Note last line of second paragraph.

...The Oneida were then offered a one-time lump-sum payment of $60,000 in lieu of the $500 annuity guaranteed in perpetuity to each member of the tribe under the Canandaigua Treaty.


The Oneida were getting $500 annuity under the Canandaigua Treaty.
Para 3 tells us that they rejected "readjustment (one time payment of $60k)" offered at the meeting of 1956 and stuck to the terms of the Canandaigua Treaty (they wanted to continue getting $500 annuity). So they must have seen value in it.

Thanks Karishma for always coming to the rescue
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