Exploring the depths of the Mariana Trench researchers have identifie

My answer is (D). It took me 01:16.

(A) "visible signals that can be seen" is visibly redundant.

(B) For parallelism, we can accept
which include changes in coloration, in posture, and in patterns
OR
which include changes in coloration, posture, and patterns
But not
which include changes in coloration, in posture, and patterns

(C) "signals that are visible" is wordier than "Visible signals"
"changes in coloration, posture, and in patterns" fails to observe parallelism.

(E) See (A).

Also, I feel that "their bodies" should be "its bodies".

Answer Choice D
visible signal itself represents something that can be seen.

Hi generis,
My approach for this question:

Exploring the depths of the Mariana Trench, researchers have identified a new species of snailfish that communicate and express behaviors through visible signals that can be seen, including changes in coloration, posture, and patterns on their bodies.


A) through visible signals that can be seen, including changes in coloration, posture, and patterns on their bodies.
including should be modifying signals because the examples are given about those signals / changes. But in this option including is modifying seen, which doesn't make sense. Another thing is that 'visible' means seen, so, visible signals that can be seen is wrong. ("signals are visible", itself means that those signals can be seen).
Eliminate Option A

B) through visible signals, which include changes in coloration, in posture, and patterns on their bodies.
"which include" is a wrong way of giving examples.
If we want to give examples, we should use "including".
Keep the option B for now.

C) through signals that are visible, including changes in coloration, posture, and in patterns on their bodies.
including should be modifying signals because the examples are given about those signals / changes. But in this option including is modifying visible, which doesn't make sense. Another thing is that 'visible' means seen, so, visible signals that can be seen is wrong. ("signals are visible", itself means that those signals can be seen).
Eliminate Option C

D) through visible signals, including changes in coloration, posture, and patterns on their bodies.
including should be modifying signals because the examples are given about those signals / changes and if we want to give examples, we should use including.
Both the errors are corrected now.

Keep the option D for now.

E) through visible signals that can be seen and that include changes in coloration, posture, and patterns on their bodies.
This sentence can be can be split into:
through visible signals that can be seen
through visible signals that include changes in coloration, posture, and patterns on their bodies.

Here, the structure is parallel but 'visible' means seen, so, visible signals that can be seen is wrong. ("signals are visible", itself means that those signals can be seen).
Eliminate Option E

So, it ultimately comes down to the meaning of sentence and Option D prevails over Option B .
Hence, Option D is the correct answer.


Regards,
Ravish.

Eliminate A because the placement of the modifier 'including changes in coloration, posture, and patterns' is not quite right and 'that can be seen' is redundant.
Eliminate B because the list is not parallel.
Eliminate C because placement of the modifier is not right. Also, the list is not parallel.
Eliminate E because of redundancy.

D remains and is correct.

Exploring the depths of the Mariana Trench, researchers have identified a new species of snailfish that communicate and express behaviors through visible signals that can be seen, including changes in coloration, posture, and patterns on their bodies.



A) through visible signals that can be seen, including changes in coloration, posture, and patterns on their bodies. Incorrect

that can be seen uses redundant,

B) through visible signals, which include changes in coloration, in posture, and patterns on their bodies. Incorrect

parallelism error - ..................in coloration, in posture, and patterns .......

C) through signals that are visible, including changes in coloration, posture, and in patterns on their bodies. Incorrect

parallelism error - .................in coloration, posture, and in patterns ............

D) through visible signals, including changes in coloration, posture, and patterns on their bodies. Correct

E) through visible signals that can be seen and that include changes in coloration, posture, and patterns on their bodies. Incorrect

that can be seen uses redundant

Exploring the depths of the Mariana Trench, researchers have identified a new species of snailfish that communicate and express behaviors through visible signals that can be seen, including changes in coloration, posture, and patterns on their bodies.



A) through visible signals that can be seen, including changes in coloration, posture, and patterns on their bodies.

Modifier "that can be seen" is redundant

B) through visible signals, which include changes in coloration, in posture, and patterns on their bodies.
Parallelism error

C) through signals that are visible, including changes in coloration, posture, and in patterns on their bodies.

Redundancy+Parallelism error
D) through visible signals, including changes in coloration, posture, and patterns on their bodies.
All good

E) through visible signals that can be seen and that include changes in coloration, posture, and patterns on their bodies.
Redundancy error

D is the right answer in my Opinion

Exploring the depths of the Mariana Trench, researchers have identified a new species of snailfish that communicate and express behaviors through visible signals that can be seen, including changes in coloration, posture, and patterns on their bodies.


A) through visible signals that can be seen, including changes in coloration, posture, and patterns on their bodies. -> "visible signals that can be seen", we have redundancy here. Incorrect.

B) through visible signals, which include changes in coloration, in posture, and patterns on their bodies. -> In patterns is required to make it parallel. Incorrect.

C) through signals that are visible, including changes in coloration, posture, and in patterns on their bodies. -> In posture is required to make it parallel. Incorrect.

D) through visible signals, including changes in coloration, posture, and patterns on their bodies. -> Parallelism error is corrected. Let's keep it.

E) through visible signals that can be seen and that include changes in coloration, posture, and patterns on their bodies. -> "visible signals that can be seen" same error as A. Incorrect.

So, I think D.

Exploring the depths of the Mariana Trench, researchers have identified a new species of snailfish that communicate and express behaviors through visible signals that can be seen, including changes in coloration, posture, and patterns on their bodies.

Pre-thinking: Check for redundancy in 'visible signals that can be seen' and Parallelism in 'changes in coloration, posture, and patterns'

A) through visible signals that can be seen, including changes in coloration, posture, and patterns on their bodies.
'that can be seen' is redundant.

B) through visible signals, which include changes in coloration, in posture, and patterns on their bodies.
'in' is missing ahead of patterns, hence Parallelism is incorrect.

C) through signals that are visible, including changes in coloration, posture, and in patterns on their bodies.
'in' is missing ahead of posture, hence Parallelism is incorrect.

D) through visible signals, including changes in coloration, posture, and patterns on their bodies.

E) through visible signals that can be seen and that include changes in coloration, posture, and patterns on their bodies.
'that can be seen' is redundant.

IMO Answer should be Option D.

Bunuel

IMO we can add "Parallelism" and "Redundancy" tags for this ques.

Parallelism- coloration, posture, and patterns on their bodies are parallel entities

Redundancy- visible and can be seen are redundant entities