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Mind Map: Industry commentators believe malicious apps on independent marketplaces are due to the new restrictions by the major app-stores
Editorial's rebuttal: None of the developers that were removed from the major app-stores have released a new app on the independent marketplaces

(A) Many of the malicious apps found on independent marketplaces resemble legitimate apps removed from major platforms and are offered by unrelated developers.
  • This seems to work. This tells us that the malicious apps on the independent platforms are copies of legitimate apps AND they are put there by unrelated developers i.e., not the original developers. So the increase in malicious apps is not due to the developers changing their platform but the copycats that are putting malicious apps on the independent platforms. Keep

(B) Historically, the independent marketplaces have had far fewer resources to detect and remove malicious apps than major app-store platforms do.
  • This doesn't address the developers in any way. Eliminate

(C) Shortly after the policy changes were announced, several new developer groups began targeting independent marketplaces to distribute apps with fewer compliance checks.
  • This talks about the new developers, not the actual set of developers that are in the scope of the argument (the ones that were removed from major app-stores). Eliminate

(D) The major app-store platforms did not coordinate their policy changes with one another.
  • Irrelevant to the scope. Eliminate

(E) Some users continue to prefer downloading apps through official app stores, even after the policy changes.
  • User behavior is not discussed in the slightest in the prompt. Elminate

A seems to be the best choice.
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Bunuel
Some industry commentators argue that the recent surge in malicious mobile apps found on independent app marketplaces is the result of new restrictions imposed by the major app-store platforms. Yet none of the developers removed from the major platforms, the commentators’ alleged culprits, has released a new app on those alternative marketplaces.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument made in the editorial?

(A) Many of the malicious apps found on independent marketplaces resemble legitimate apps removed from major platforms and are offered by unrelated developers.

(B) Historically, the independent marketplaces have had far fewer resources to detect and remove malicious apps than major app-store platforms do.

(C) Shortly after the policy changes were announced, several new developer groups began targeting independent marketplaces to distribute apps with fewer compliance checks.

(D) The major app-store platforms did not coordinate their policy changes with one another.

(E) Some users continue to prefer downloading apps through official app stores, even after the policy changes.


 


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A.Correct, weakens the argument by showing that apps are already available by unrelated developers on independent marketplaces
B. Strengthens the claim for editorial
C. strengthen the conclusion
D.Irrelevant as it does not concern the discussion.
E.Irrelevant as user are not discussed.
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Bunuel
Some industry commentators argue that the recent surge in malicious mobile apps found on independent app marketplaces is the result of new restrictions imposed by the major app-store platforms. Yet none of the developers removed from the major platforms, the commentators’ alleged culprits, has released a new app on those alternative marketplaces.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument made in the editorial?

(A) Many of the malicious apps found on independent marketplaces resemble legitimate apps removed from major platforms and are offered by unrelated developers.

(B) Historically, the independent marketplaces have had far fewer resources to detect and remove malicious apps than major app-store platforms do.

(C) Shortly after the policy changes were announced, several new developer groups began targeting independent marketplaces to distribute apps with fewer compliance checks.

(D) The major app-store platforms did not coordinate their policy changes with one another.

(E) Some users continue to prefer downloading apps through official app stores, even after the policy changes.


 


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(A) Many of the malicious apps found on independent marketplaces resemble legitimate apps removed from major platforms and are offered by unrelated developers.

CORRECT: This tells us that some people are creating and distributing the malicious apps on independent marketplaces.

(B) Historically, the independent marketplaces have had far fewer resources to detect and remove malicious apps than major app-store platforms do.

INCORRECT: The information tells us why the apps are distributed on independent marketplaces. But, we don't care of the reasoning.

(C) Shortly after the policy changes were announced, several new developer groups began targeting independent marketplaces to distribute apps with fewer compliance checks.

INCORRECT: This option doesn't tell that the malicious apps are distributed in the independent marketplace. It can be any app. C is incorrect.

(D) The major app-store platforms did not coordinate their policy changes with one another.

INCORRECT: Out of Scope information.

(E) Some users continue to prefer downloading apps through official app stores, even after the policy changes.

INCORRECT: Out of Scope information.

Option A
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(A) Many of the malicious apps found on independent marketplaces resemble legitimate apps removed from major platforms and are offered by unrelated developers. This does not explain the surge & how major app store are responsible.

(B) Historically, the independent marketplaces have had far fewer resources to detect and remove malicious apps than major app-store platforms do. This fact doesn't explain how major app store r responsible for surge in malicious app.

(C) Shortly after the policy changes were announced, several new developer groups began targeting independent marketplaces to distribute apps with fewer compliance checks. Correct

(D) The major app-store platforms did not coordinate their policy changes with one another. Irrelevant

(E) Some users continue to prefer downloading apps through official app stores, even after the policy changes. Irrelevant

Ans C
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Conclusion
The editorial says: Since the devs removed from major app stores ("culprits according to critics") didn't release new apps on independent app marketplaces, the surge in malicious apps on indie platforms can't be blamed on the latest restrictions from major platforms.

Premise
Devs removed from major platforms didn't re-release apps on independent app marketplaces.

Assumption
The editorial assumes the only possible cause-effect chain is: "surge in malicious apps → devs removed from major platforms went rogue on independent app marketplaces." In other words, it assumes that if not for these removed developers moving to the independent app marketplaces, causing trouble, there would be fewer malicious apps.

weaken point
The new malicious apps might not come from the removed devs at all. New development teams could have popped up, seeing stricter checks on major platforms, and jumped to independent app marketplaces to flood them with malware.

Out of the options, only C directly offers this alternative explanation:

(C) Shortly after the policy changes were announced, several new developer groups began targeting independent marketplaces to distribute apps with fewer compliance checks.
— This shows it's not the "original removed devs" causing trouble on indie markets, but new dev teams seizing the opportunity to drop malicious apps. This directly challenges the editorial's assumption that "it's either the original devs or nothing to do with the restrictions."

The other options, like talking about detection resources (B), user preferences (E), platform coordination (D), or how malicious apps "seem" legit (A), don't directly address how the "new team" is taking advantage of the chaos. So, they're not as strong as C in weakening the argument.
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Bunuel
Some industry commentators argue that the recent surge in malicious mobile apps found on independent app marketplaces is the result of new restrictions imposed by the major app-store platforms. Yet none of the developers removed from the major platforms, the commentators’ alleged culprits, has released a new app on those alternative marketplaces.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument made in the editorial?

(A) Many of the malicious apps found on independent marketplaces resemble legitimate apps removed from major platforms and are offered by unrelated developers.

(B) Historically, the independent marketplaces have had far fewer resources to detect and remove malicious apps than major app-store platforms do.

(C) Shortly after the policy changes were announced, several new developer groups began targeting independent marketplaces to distribute apps with fewer compliance checks.

(D) The major app-store platforms did not coordinate their policy changes with one another.

(E) Some users continue to prefer downloading apps through official app stores, even after the policy changes.


 


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This is a tough question for me. Question stem asks us to weaken argument made in the editorial.
But is editorial referring to the whole passage hence a viewpoint of author, or the argument made by commentators?

Nevertheless, I still have to weaken the fact that:
new restriction imposed on major app platform --> surge in malicious apps in independent app platform
We also know that commentators think this is done by developer from major app platform who got removed but in reality it is not them

(A) Many of the malicious apps found on independent marketplaces resemble legitimate apps removed from major platforms and are offered by unrelated developers.
=Might explain alternate cause. KEEP

(B) Historically, the independent marketplaces have had far fewer resources to detect and remove malicious apps than major app-store platforms do.
=If independent app platform had poor resources to detect malicious apps, this might explain alternate cause why there is a surge in malicious apps. But this is 'historically'. We don't know how it is now after the new restriction imposed. Eliminated

(C) Shortly after the policy changes were announced, several new developer groups began targeting independent marketplaces to distribute apps with fewer compliance checks.
=Strengthen in author's viewpoint. However, this choice talks about new developer which weaken the commentators' beleive that this is done by removed app developer from major platform. Let's KEEP

(D) The major app-store platforms did not coordinate their policy changes with one another.
Irrelevant

(E) Some users continue to prefer downloading apps through official app stores, even after the policy changes.
Irrelevant


Between A and C.
If we are talking about weakening commentator's argument that surge in malicious apps is from new restriction imposed and from developer who are removed from major app platform, both A and C weaken in a way that it is not from major apps developer but someone else. However, choice A also provide alternate explanation that the surge is not from new restriction by saying that the apps found there already resemble the apps that were removed which are developed by unrelated developer, so maybe they are developing these apps with no knowledge about the new imposed restrictions.

If we are weakening the author, then it's clear that choice A is correct because choice C actually strengthens.

Answer = A
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The correct answer choice is (A)
Bunuel
Some industry commentators argue that the recent surge in malicious mobile apps found on independent app marketplaces is the result of new restrictions imposed by the major app-store platforms. Yet none of the developers removed from the major platforms, the commentators’ alleged culprits, has released a new app on those alternative marketplaces.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument made in the editorial?

(A) Many of the malicious apps found on independent marketplaces resemble legitimate apps removed from major platforms and are offered by unrelated developers.

(B) Historically, the independent marketplaces have had far fewer resources to detect and remove malicious apps than major app-store platforms do.

(C) Shortly after the policy changes were announced, several new developer groups began targeting independent marketplaces to distribute apps with fewer compliance checks.

(D) The major app-store platforms did not coordinate their policy changes with one another.

(E) Some users continue to prefer downloading apps through official app stores, even after the policy changes.


 


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Fact - There has been a recent surge in malicious mobile apps found on independent app marketplaces
Argument - This is the result of new restrictions imposed by the major app-store platforms which has caused the developers removed from the major platforms to release new malicious apps on independent app marketplaces
Fact - None of the developers removed from the major platforms has released a new app on those alternative marketplaces

(A) Many of the malicious apps found on independent marketplaces resemble legitimate apps removed from major platforms and are offered by unrelated developers.
Incorrect. This might be true but this does not explain the "recent" surge in malicious mobile apps. These apps could have been present on the independent app marketplaces well before the policy changes.
(B) Historically, the independent marketplaces have had far fewer resources to detect and remove malicious apps than major app-store platforms do.
Incorrect. Again, this might be true but this does not explain the "recent" surge in malicious mobile apps.
(C) Shortly after the policy changes were announced, several new developer groups began targeting independent marketplaces to distribute apps with fewer compliance checks.
Correct. This explains the "recent" surge in malicious mobile apps as "new" developer groups (not the ones removed from the major platforms) began releasing apps on the independent app marketplaces after the policy changes. Additionally, the statement does not refute the fact in the passage that the removed developers did not release apps on independent app marketplaces.
(D) The major app-store platforms did not coordinate their policy changes with one another.
Incorrect. This might be true but this does not explain the "recent" surge in malicious mobile apps. Irrelevant.
(E) Some users continue to prefer downloading apps through official app stores, even after the policy changes.
Incorrect. This might be true but this does not explain the "recent" surge in malicious mobile apps. Irrelevant.
Bunuel
Some industry commentators argue that the recent surge in malicious mobile apps found on independent app marketplaces is the result of new restrictions imposed by the major app-store platforms. Yet none of the developers removed from the major platforms, the commentators’ alleged culprits, has released a new app on those alternative marketplaces.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument made in the editorial?

(A) Many of the malicious apps found on independent marketplaces resemble legitimate apps removed from major platforms and are offered by unrelated developers.

(B) Historically, the independent marketplaces have had far fewer resources to detect and remove malicious apps than major app-store platforms do.

(C) Shortly after the policy changes were announced, several new developer groups began targeting independent marketplaces to distribute apps with fewer compliance checks.

(D) The major app-store platforms did not coordinate their policy changes with one another.

(E) Some users continue to prefer downloading apps through official app stores, even after the policy changes.


 


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(A) Many of the malicious apps found on independent marketplaces resemble legitimate apps removed from major platforms and are offered by unrelated developers.
Correct Ans - It's showing an alternative that these are different people not the removed developers

(B) Historically, the independent marketplaces have had far fewer resources to detect and remove malicious apps than major app-store platforms do.
Irrelevant as it does not address the surge or by other developers

(C) Shortly after the policy changes were announced, several new developer groups began targeting independent marketplaces to distribute apps with fewer compliance checks.
It's telling us about surge, but it is also possible that the removed developers are also releasing the app.

(D) The major app-store platforms did not coordinate their policy changes with one another.
Irrelevant to the conclusion

(E) Some users continue to prefer downloading apps through official app stores, even after the policy changes.
Talking about users and not the app release on the platform
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Bunuel
Some industry commentators argue that the recent surge in malicious mobile apps found on independent app marketplaces is the result of new restrictions imposed by the major app-store platforms. Yet none of the developers removed from the major platforms, the commentators’ alleged culprits, has released a new app on those alternative marketplaces.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument made in the editorial?

(A) Many of the malicious apps found on independent marketplaces resemble legitimate apps removed from major platforms and are offered by unrelated developers.

(B) Historically, the independent marketplaces have had far fewer resources to detect and remove malicious apps than major app-store platforms do.

(C) Shortly after the policy changes were announced, several new developer groups began targeting independent marketplaces to distribute apps with fewer compliance checks.

(D) The major app-store platforms did not coordinate their policy changes with one another.

(E) Some users continue to prefer downloading apps through official app stores, even after the policy changes.


 


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The situation is there has been a recent surge in malicious apps found in independent app stores. This surge has been post the restrictions on mobile apps on major app platforms. Some of the developers mobile apps were removed from major app platforms and these developers doesn’t contribute to the surge of malicious softwares.

This act of releasing malicious apps in independent platforms was by new players and not the developers who were removed by major app platforms. So it’s not an act of revenge.

The answer option should resonate with the theme that developers are not the reason for surge, and some other players or factors are solely responsible for such events.


(A) Many of the malicious apps found on independent marketplaces resemble legitimate apps removed from major platforms and are offered by unrelated developers.

This says, there were new developers who created malicious apps resembling legitimate apps. This claims that new developers were responsible for the malicious apps. But nothing about surge is mentioned. Even though this weakens. Let’s keep it.

(B) Historically, the independent marketplaces have had far fewer resources to detect and remove malicious apps than major app-store platforms do.

This is a completely irrelevant option. Eliminate it.

(C) Shortly after the policy changes were announced, several new developer groups began targeting independent marketplaces to distribute apps with fewer compliance checks.

This Option seems correct. After the new policy and subsequent restrictions. Several new developer groups, not the one which are banned by major app platforms - began targeting independent market places which are less compliant and less prone to security audit and checks. This weakens the argument more than option A.

(D) The major app-store platforms did not coordinate their policy changes with one another.

This is another irrelevant option. Eliminate it.

(E) Some users continue to prefer downloading apps through official app stores, even after the policy changes.

This doesn’t explain the discrepancy of the issue. Hence, we can neglect this option also.

Option C
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(A): Many of the malicious apps found on independent marketplaces resemble legitimate apps removed from major platforms and are offered by unrelated developers.

Here’s why this seriously weakens the critics’ argument:
They claim that developers who were removed from main platforms are now publishing malicious apps on independent marketplaces. But if the malicious copies are being offered by different developers, this undermines the implied causal link, that the removed developers are the source of the surge in malicious apps. The resemblance could be due to imitating legitimate apps, not due to displaced developers. Thus choice (A) directly challenges the central assumption connecting the policy changes, developer removal, and increased malicious activity.

None of the other options attacks that linkage as effectively:
(B), (C), (D), (E) offer context but do not dismantle the core argument that removed developers are responsible.

Therefore, (A)
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Option (A):
Even if the original developers didn't move, others copied their apps, possibly after those apps were removed. This connects the policy change (removal from major platforms) to the rise in malicious apps (via impersonation), even if different developers are involved.
Strongly weakens the editorial.

Option (B):
This is a general statement about platform quality, not about the cause of the recent surge.
Irrelevant. Doesn't weaken the editorial's conclusion.

Option (C):
New developer groups began targeting independent marketplaces after the policy changes.
Suggests a correlation in timing, but doesn't prove causation by the policy changes..
Slightly weakens, but not as directly as A.

Option (D):
Major platforms didn't coordinate their policy changes.
Irrelevant. Coordination doesn't matter to the core argument.

Option (E):
Some users still prefer official stores.
Off-topic. This is about user preference, not about why malicious apps surged on independent marketplaces.

Option(A) Correct answer
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The commentators claim that the surge in malicious mobile apps is the result of major app-store platforms' new restrictions.
The editorial, however, claims that none of the developers removed from the major platforms have released a new app on those alternative marketplaces.
The flaw in the editorial's argument is that it assumes that developers removed from big platforms caused the surge of malicious apps on other platforms.

(A) Many of the malicious apps found on independent marketplaces resemble legitimate apps removed from major platforms and are offered by unrelated developers.

This is the correct answer. It properly explains the surge of the malicious app, but also weakens the editorial's argument.


(B) Historically, the independent marketplaces have had far fewer resources to detect and remove malicious apps than major app-store platforms do.

This explains the surge, but is not relevant to the editorial's argument. Therefore, it does not weaken or strengthen it.


(C) Shortly after the policy changes were announced, several new developer groups began targeting independent marketplaces to distribute apps with fewer compliance checks.

This could weaken the editorial's argument if we knew those malicious apps belonged to these new developers. If we don't have that information, this does not suffice for the surge in malicious apps.

(D) The major app-store platforms did not coordinate their policy changes with one another.

This is irrelevant to the editorial's argument. Even if it's true, it does not weaken the argument.


(E) Some users continue to prefer downloading apps through official app stores, even after the policy changes.

This is irrelevant to the editorial's argument. Information about what users prefer does not weaken or strengthen the argument.


Bunuel
Some industry commentators argue that the recent surge in malicious mobile apps found on independent app marketplaces is the result of new restrictions imposed by the major app-store platforms. Yet none of the developers removed from the major platforms, the commentators’ alleged culprits, has released a new app on those alternative marketplaces.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument made in the editorial?

(A) Many of the malicious apps found on independent marketplaces resemble legitimate apps removed from major platforms and are offered by unrelated developers.

(B) Historically, the independent marketplaces have had far fewer resources to detect and remove malicious apps than major app-store platforms do.

(C) Shortly after the policy changes were announced, several new developer groups began targeting independent marketplaces to distribute apps with fewer compliance checks.

(D) The major app-store platforms did not coordinate their policy changes with one another.

(E) Some users continue to prefer downloading apps through official app stores, even after the policy changes.


 


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Some industry commentators argue that the recent surge in malicious mobile apps found on independent app marketplaces is the result of new restrictions imposed by the major app-store platforms. Yet none of the developers removed from the major platforms, the commentators’ alleged culprits, has released a new app on those alternative marketplaces.

Commentators view: "recent surge in malicious mobile apps found on independent app marketplaces is the result of new restrictions imposed by the major app-store platforms."

Author: do not think it's correct, since "none of the developers removed... has released a new app on those alternative marketplaces."

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument made in the editorial?

(A) Many of the malicious apps found on independent marketplaces resemble legitimate apps removed from major platforms and are offered by unrelated developers.
This one could be an answer. Despite nos really addressing very well the topic, we could think that "this malicious apps are trying to get the audience from the original ones that were removed from Major stores and now migrated to the Independent stores (since no developers removed had released their apps in the independent)". Let's keep this choice and analyze the others.

(B) Historically, the independent marketplaces have had far fewer resources to detect and remove malicious apps than major app-store platforms do.
This is not related to the Author's claim and not bring a "cause-effect" point. Wrong answer.

(C) Shortly after the policy changes were announced, several new developer groups began targeting independent marketplaces to distribute apps with fewer compliance checks.
This one looks really good. Here we have a time indicator ("shortly after") and we have an answer about not developers migrating ("new developers groups"). This option definitely weakens the author's claim. So we could keep this alternative as valid, eliminate the A, and analyze the following ones.

(D) The major app-store platforms did not coordinate their policy changes with one another.
This is not related to the Author's claim and not bring a "cause-effect" point. Wrong answer.

(E) Some users continue to prefer downloading apps through official app stores, even after the policy changes.
This is not related to the Author's claim and not bring a "cause-effect" point. Wrong answer.

Answer = C.
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(A) This would weaken the argument, since it would mean that the surge in malicient malware would happen even without the new restrictions, since it's unrelated developers copying legitimate apps. CORRECT ANSWER

(B) Not related to new restrictions from major platforms.

(C) Doesn't mean they build malicious apps.

(D) Doesn't influence the argument.

(E) Not related to the surge nor the restrictions.

Bunuel
Some industry commentators argue that the recent surge in malicious mobile apps found on independent app marketplaces is the result of new restrictions imposed by the major app-store platforms. Yet none of the developers removed from the major platforms, the commentators’ alleged culprits, has released a new app on those alternative marketplaces.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument made in the editorial?

(A) Many of the malicious apps found on independent marketplaces resemble legitimate apps removed from major platforms and are offered by unrelated developers.

(B) Historically, the independent marketplaces have had far fewer resources to detect and remove malicious apps than major app-store platforms do.

(C) Shortly after the policy changes were announced, several new developer groups began targeting independent marketplaces to distribute apps with fewer compliance checks.

(D) The major app-store platforms did not coordinate their policy changes with one another.

(E) Some users continue to prefer downloading apps through official app stores, even after the policy changes.


 


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Some industry commentators argue that the recent surge in malicious mobile apps found on independent app marketplaces is the result of new restrictions imposed by the major app-store platforms. Yet none of the developers removed from the major platforms, the commentators’ alleged culprits, has released a new app on those alternative marketplaces.

Analysis: Because of new restrictions imposed by major app-store some developers are posting malicious apps on other independent app marketplaces. However, none of those got removed from major app-stores and have released a new app on alternative marketplace.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument made in the editorial?

Ways to weaken the argument: 1. By providing information that the person posting malicious app got removed.
2. They are not being removed because they are not posting anything malicious.
3. The apps aren't malicious at all, that's why they are not being removed.

(A) Many of the malicious apps found on independent marketplaces resemble legitimate apps removed from major platforms and are offered by unrelated developers.

Offered by unrelated developers, not by the major app store developer, not related to them.

(B) Historically, the independent marketplaces have had far fewer resources to detect and remove malicious apps than major app-store platforms do.

The argument is not concerned about the independent marketplace.

(C) Shortly after the policy changes were announced, several new developer groups began targeting independent marketplaces to distribute apps with fewer compliance checks.

Here, it suggests that developer remain the same, but due to the policy change (restrictions), they started to publish their apps somewhere else, and those marketplaces have fewer compliance checks, which means those apps aren't malicious. This would weaken the argument.

(D) The major app-store platforms did not coordinate their policy changes with one another.

This is not relevant for weakening the argument.

(E) Some users continue to prefer downloading apps through official app stores, even after the policy changes.

This is not relevant to the agrument.
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the argument is essentially that, there has been a surge in malicious mobile apps on independent marketplaces --> which industry commentators purport is because major app store platforms have imposed restrictions that have removed the perpetrators from their platforms, rendering alternative platforms the only place for the malicious apps. The author suggests that a discrepancy exists, insinuating that the purported reason is false: "Yet none of the developers removed from the major platforms, the commentators’ alleged culprits, has released a new app on those alternative marketplaces."

Correct answer should resolve the alleged discrepancy.


Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument made in the editorial?

(A) Many of the malicious apps found on independent marketplaces resemble legitimate apps removed from major platforms and are offered by unrelated developers.
--> it's not that the culprits have stopped their activity once the restrictions hindered their access to major platforms; rather, the developers take on new or "unrelated" names and develop malicious apps to mimic those of the major platforms from which they were prohibited.

(B) Historically, the independent marketplaces have had far fewer resources to detect and remove malicious apps than major app-store platforms do.

(C) Shortly after the policy changes were announced, several new developer groups began targeting independent marketplaces to distribute apps with fewer compliance checks.

(D) The major app-store platforms did not coordinate their policy changes with one another.

(E) Some users continue to prefer downloading apps through official app stores, even after the policy changes.


Bunuel
Some industry commentators argue that the recent surge in malicious mobile apps found on independent app marketplaces is the result of new restrictions imposed by the major app-store platforms. Yet none of the developers removed from the major platforms, the commentators’ alleged culprits, has released a new app on those alternative marketplaces.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument made in the editorial?

(A) Many of the malicious apps found on independent marketplaces resemble legitimate apps removed from major platforms and are offered by unrelated developers.

(B) Historically, the independent marketplaces have had far fewer resources to detect and remove malicious apps than major app-store platforms do.

(C) Shortly after the policy changes were announced, several new developer groups began targeting independent marketplaces to distribute apps with fewer compliance checks.

(D) The major app-store platforms did not coordinate their policy changes with one another.

(E) Some users continue to prefer downloading apps through official app stores, even after the policy changes.


 


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for the GMAT Club Olympics Competition

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