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devikeerthansr
Haffer's hypothesis appears to explain the distribution of species as well as the unusual species diversity.The ice age refuges would have protected existing species from extinction.But the periodic geographic isolation of related populations(there have been an estimated 13 ice ages to date) would have facilitated the development of new species as existing species on the lowlands adopted to changing climates.

The author mentions the number of ice ages in the paragraph in order to:

A.Provide proof that cooler and drier temperatures were primarily responsible for the distribution of species in the Amazon
B.Explain how population of species was protected from extinction in the amazon basin
C.Explain how most species were able to survive periodic climatic disturbances in the Amazon basin
D.Suggest that certain types of climatic disturbances cause more species diversity than other types of climatic disturbances
E.Suggest that geographical isolation may have occured often enough to cause high species diversity in the Amazon basin

Source:
Crackverbal

more Isolation from more ice ages
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Answer E brings in new information not mentioned on the argument. Answer E speaks of Amazon basin, no where in the argument Amazon basin is mentioned, the problem I have with E is that the other answer choices are crapy too. Also, E mentions high species , once again the argument does not say how many species developed, from the argument we can not conlcude it was a high number or a low number. of new species.
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Answer E brings in new information not mentioned on the argument. Answer E speaks of Amazon basin, no where in the argument Amazon basin is mentioned, the problem I have with E is that the other answer choices are crapy too. Also, E mentions high species , once again the argument does not say how many species developed, from the argument we can not conlcude it was a high number or a low number. of new species.

Hi It is all about to choose the best among all, so option E is one of the most apt, indeed there are new words introduced but the other option is no where in the line and we can say they are out of scope .
Main Idea: Periodic geographic isolation of related populations(there have been an estimated 13 ice ages to date) would have facilitated the development of new species as existing species on the lowlands adopted to changing climates.

Let us take each option one by one:
A.Provide proof that cooler and drier temperatures were primarily responsible for the distribution of species in the Amazon. -> Conclusion is all about Geographical isolation which may lead to diversity because of changing climate. So Out of Scope.
B.Explain how population of species was protected from extinction in the amazon basin - No where it is written how it is protected. Rather the whole idea is how species is adopted with changing climate.
C.Explain how most species were able to survive periodic climatic disturbances in the Amazon basin. - The idea is how isolation of different species has facilitated the developing of new species.
D.Suggest that certain types of climatic disturbances cause more species diversity than other types of climatic disturbances. There is no where comparison of different type of climate disturbances.
E.Suggest that geographical isolation may have occured often enough to cause high species diversity in the Amazon basin. yes amazon basic is new but idea is intact.
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"Amazon basin" is mentioned in option E which is not a part of the actual argument and hence should have been eliminated on the grounds of being beyond the scope. Then why is option E correct?
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MSri0305
"Amazon basin" is mentioned in option E which is not a part of the actual argument and hence should have been eliminated on the grounds of being beyond the scope. Then why is option E correct?
(E) isn't really correct. This question is a busted question.
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E is correct because other 4 can be rejected easily. Something is missing in this question.
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The correct answer is: E. Suggest that geographical isolation may have occurred often enough to cause high species diversity in the Amazon basin.
Explanation:
The paragraph discusses Haffer's hypothesis, which proposes that ice age refuges protected species from extinction and that periodic geographic isolation, caused by repeated ice ages, led to the development of new species. The reference to 13 ice ages emphasizes that such isolations occurred frequently, thereby increasing opportunities for speciation (i.e., formation of new species).

Why are other options incorrect:
A. Provide proof that cooler and drier temperatures were primarily responsible for the distribution of species in the Amazon
  • Incorrect: While the hypothesis involves climatic changes, the focus is on geographic isolation due to climate, not directly attributing cooler/drier temperatures as the primary cause of species distribution.
B. Explain how the population of species was protected from extinction in the Amazon basin
  • Incorrect: This is only part of the explanation. The mention of ice ages is more connected to the development of new species, not just survival.
C. Explain how most species were able to survive periodic climatic disturbances in the Amazon basin
  • Incorrect: Again, survival is mentioned, but the primary focus of mentioning 13 ice ages is to show repeated isolation events, which led to greater diversity, not just survival.
D. Suggest that certain types of climatic disturbances cause more species diversity than other types of climatic disturbances
  • Incorrect: The paragraph does not compare different types of climatic disturbances. It only discusses ice ages and their effects; no comparison is made.
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