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Bunuel
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Active GMAT Club Expert! Tag them with @ followed by their username for a faster response.
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Bunuel
Houses built during the last ten years have been found to contain indoor air pollution at levels that are, on average, much higher than the levels found in older houses. The reason air-pollution levels are higher in the newer houses is that many such houses are built near the sites of old waste dumps or where automobile emissions are heavy.

Which of the following, if true, calls into question the explanation above?


(A) Many new houses are built with air-filtration systems that remove from the house pollutants that are generated indoors. This strengthens the argument.

(B) The easing of standards for smokestack emissions has led to an increase in air-pollution levels in homes. This answer gives a reason why pollutants may have increased but doesn't compare a relationship between old and newer houses.

(C) New houses built in secluded rural areas are relatively free of air pollutants. Similar to A, this answer choice strengthens.

(D) Warm-weather conditions tend to slow down the movement of air, thus keeping pollution trapped near its source. We are comparing old houses and newer houses within the last 10 years. We are not concerned with warm weather conditions.

(E) Pressboard, an inexpensive new plywood substitute now often used in the construction of houses, emits the pollutant formaldehyde into the house.

Answer E is the best choice. This answer choice makes it clear that there is an alternative reason to poulltion besides auto emissions and waste dumps.
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Option (E) explains the alternate cause of the indoor air pollution.
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(A) Many new houses are built with air-filtration systems that remove from the house pollutants that are generated indoors.
Incorrect. These filters may be used in older houses too, we don't know.

(B) The easing of standards for smokestack emissions has led to an increase in air-pollution levels in homes.
Incorrect. The pollution should increase in older houses too, same as A we don't know

(C) New houses built in secluded rural areas are relatively free of air pollutants.
Incorrect. This is irrelevant to the argument. We only have to contrast older houses and newer houses.

(D) Warm-weather conditions tend to slow down the movement of air, thus keeping pollution trapped near its source.
Incorrect. This must also apply to the older houses, no contrast with newer houses.

(E) Pressboard, an inexpensive new plywood substitute now often used in the construction of houses, emits the pollutant formaldehyde into the house.
Correct. This is a new material used in houses and this new material emits pollutants. This is a third reason, hence calling into question the other 2 explanations.
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An almost perfect explanation arihantjn93. Just wanted to point out that option (C) here is not irrelevant to the argument.

It actually strengthens the argument "which says that the reason new houses are polluted is that they are near waste dump areas and not because something is wrong with the new houses as compared to the old ones"

So option (C) - stating that new houses in secluded rural areas are relatively pollution free strengthens the argument's claim and is opposite of what we are looking for - that something is wrong with the new houses themselves.

This is why we discard option (C).

Best,
Gladi

arihantjn93

(C) New houses built in secluded rural areas are relatively free of air pollutants.
Incorrect. This is irrelevant to the argument. We only have to contrast older houses and newer houses.
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The argument says outdoor pollutants are responsible
The counter-argument would say that actually indoor pollutants have increased
(A): This means in new houses all pollutants that were generated inside the homes are eliminated
=> the increased indoor air pollution is due to pollutants generated outside homes
=> Strengthens the explanation that outside factors such as 'waste dumps' and 'automobile emissions' are responsible.
--- Eliminate

(B) Would be same for both old and new houses.
--- Eliminate

(C), (D): strengthen the stem that outdoor pollutants are responsible.
--- Eliminate

(E) weakens stem and strengthen the counter argument that infact indoor pollutants have increased.
--- CORRECT
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The argument is based on the comparison between Indoor pollution levels between
1. Houses built during the last 10 years (Newer Houses as referred to in the final sentence of the line)
2. Houses built pre-10 year period (Older houses)

Option (A) clearly highlights that many new houses are built with Indoor air filtration system, which does not provide with alternate reasoning, but rightly calls into question the authors conclusion.
However, option (E) which is strangely the OA, mentions that the new plywood is "Now" often used. If it is often used now, how does it provide alternate reasoning for houses built during the previous 10 years? It surely does provide an alternative reasoning for the pollutants in the newer houses built in the present or currently building, but refutes nothing about the houses built during the previous 10 years.

Could an expert help me out with this?

Thank you!
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Hello all,

Can't we say that
Quote:
To find:- A statement, if true, refutes the reason for that conclusion. This could be an alternative reason that is responsible for the disparity observed between older and newer homes.

OR

newer houses have less pollution than older houses?

Applying this logic, I selected "C"


Kindly explain.


Thanks & regards,
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@Bunuel @KarishmaB
Isnt E Out of Scope - Brings about new information on Pollutatns
My Answer A - I feel is also out of scope (Air Filtration Systems)
This brings me to my Question
How do you know what information is considered to be Out Of Scope to the Stem
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E gives quite a good reasoning...
ill go with E
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in weaken nd strengthen questions ,out of scope info needs to be weighed ,nd in assumption ,consider elimination via polar opposites method

quiaitaque
@Bunuel @KarishmaB
Isnt E Out of Scope - Brings about new information on Pollutatns
My Answer A - I feel is also out of scope (Air Filtration Systems)
This brings me to my Question
How do you know what information is considered to be Out Of Scope to the Stem
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