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In the Netherlands, a recent study conducted by scientists reveals 13 Oct 2021, 11:19
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Hi,

I thought D is correct as Government not allowing mass cloning is a separate issue. The case in point is if there is mass cloning it will beneficial. So govt allows or not should not have any bearings on result.
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In the Netherlands, a recent study conducted by scientists reveals 19 Oct 2021, 01:53
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In the Netherlands, a recent study conducted by scientists reveals that cloned cows produce greater volumes of milk than do naturally born cow. There is a strong reaction to this study by the milk products industry. Many businesses are now looking to use cloned cows instead of natural cows. Doing so will be greatly beneficial to milk products businesses because of the additional volume of milk generated.

Each of the following, if true, would weaken the argument EXCEPT:

A- The cost of maintaining a cloned cow is three times the cost of maintaining a naturally born cow.
This definitely weakens as the production costs would go up theeby weakening the sales therefore out

B- The quality of milk by cloned cows is not suitable to create cheese, the most commonly sold milk product in the Netherlands.
Thistoo weakens since if cheese is the cornerstone of the buisness and it's not maintained and quality is compromised it will dampenbuisness therefore out

C- The offspring through cloned cows are much weaker and will go on to have much lower biological capabilities than the natural cows.
However this doesn't rule out the fact that milkproduction will be affected therefore let us hang on to it

D- The government in the Netherlands may not approve mass-scale cloning.
The buisness cannot move forward therefore out

E- The study was done over a few weeks and the long-term milk production capabilities of cloned cows remain uncertain.
This tooweakens

THerefore IMO C
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In the Netherlands, a recent study conducted by scientists reveals 10 Jan 2022, 03:06
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Just came upon this question during a practice test. I agree with the recent posts suggesting that D is the best answer choice. First of all, Answer D states that "The government in the Netherlands MAY not approve mass-scale cloning." May implies that there is a CHANCE this could happen. How likely is the government in the Netherlands to not approve mass-scale cloning? How essential is "mass-scale cloning" when it comes to increased milk production? What constitutes "mass-scale"?



The biggest issue with this argument is that it states "In the Netherlands, a recent study conducted by scientists reveals that cloned cows produce greater volumes of milk than do naturally born cow." The Netherlands is where the study was conducted. The rest of the question makes no mention of the Netherlands and reads to me as applying to the world, or at least other countries. Studies are conducted regularly in various countries and that does not mean that the information generated by that study applies to the origin country ONLY. Just because the Netherlands MAY not approve mass-scale cloning doesn't exclude the rest of the "milk products businesses" (awkward) from generating additional volumes of milk. You are making an assumption that the only milk producing industries that matter in this question are the ones in the Netherlands, ONLY because the study was conducted there. Now if the Netherlands was just mentioned somewhere else in the paragraph, I could maybe see how it would weaken the argument.

Also C does potentially weaken the argument----- "The offspring through cloned cows are much weaker and will go on to have much lower biological capabilities than the natural cows." What exactly are "biological capabilities"? Look it up online and you won't find this term used in this way anywhere. To me it could include, being more susceptible to diseases and health problems, perhaps health problems that could impact milk generation or perhaps it could cause to cows to be smaller/ weaker than natural cows. It isn't really a stretch to think that being weaker and having lower biological capabilities could weaken the argument.


Overall, terrible question so I'm glad I wont see it on the real GMAT.
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In the Netherlands, a recent study conducted by scientists reveals 14 Jan 2022, 10:23
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Hi expert,
I was stuck between C and E.
In C, I'm not sure what "biological capabilities" refers to, and I think a weaker biological capabilities maybe affect the ability of producing milk. If so, there won't be additional volume of milk generated---> can weaken the conclusion.

In E, although the long-term milk production capabilities are uncertain, the conclusion never mention the valid period of the great benefits. Even if the greater capabilities of producing milk are only in short-term(let's say only 1 year), we can also deduce the conclusion "the additional volume of milk will be generated"---->so it doesn't weaken the conclusion.

Could any expert help to elaborate? thanks
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In the Netherlands, a recent study conducted by scientists reveals 02 Feb 2022, 18:36
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Mavisdu1017
Hi expert,
I was stuck between C and E.
In C, I'm not sure what "biological capabilities" refers to, and I think a weaker biological capabilities maybe affect the ability of producing milk. If so, there won't be additional volume of milk generated---> can weaken the conclusion.

I don't think I see it. The biological capabilities refers to the offspring. But who cares? The cows are used to produce milk not create offspring or to drive cars or to cut hair. The offspring as well as their car driving and haircutting skills are out of scope for this question....


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In E, although the long-term milk production capabilities are uncertain, the conclusion never mention the valid period of the great benefits. Even if the greater capabilities of producing milk are only in short-term(let's say only 1 year), we can also deduce the conclusion "the additional volume of milk will be generated"---->so it doesn't weaken the conclusion.

Could any expert help to elaborate? thanks

The study was done in a few weeks. Not year, did you miss that? How could you observe a cow for a year if the study only lasted a few weeks?
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In the Netherlands, a recent study conducted by scientists reveals 06 Apr 2022, 23:20
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ExpertsGlobal5

Can we eliminate option C on the basis that we are talking about cloned cows and not about offspring's.
Furthermore, how the biological capabilities impact milk production is not mentioned in the passage above. We don't know that lower biological capabilities would lead to lower milk production or not?
We are assuming that lower biological capabilities would mean lower milk production(I was assuming when I marked this option :p)

Please share your two cents.

Thanks
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In the Netherlands, a recent study conducted by scientists reveals 08 Apr 2022, 11:01
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Why is D wrong ? isn't government banning is out of scope
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In the Netherlands, a recent study conducted by scientists reveals Updated on: 11 Apr 2022, 15:46
Originally posted by ExpertsGlobal5 on 10 Apr 2022, 05:54.
Last edited by ExpertsGlobal5 on 11 Apr 2022, 15:46, edited 1 time in total.
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ExpertsGlobal5

Can we eliminate option C on the basis that we are talking about cloned cows and not about offspring's.
Furthermore, how the biological capabilities impact milk production is not mentioned in the passage above. We don't know that lower biological capabilities would lead to lower milk production or not?
We are assuming that lower biological capabilities would mean lower milk production(I was assuming when I marked this option :p)

Please share your two cents.

Thanks

Hello krndatta,

We hope this finds you well.

To answer your query, since producing milk is a biological process, lower biological capabilities may likely lead to mean less milk production. However, this has been said about the naturally born offsprings and not directly the cloned cows; hence, we don't need to worry much about the implication of the nature of "biological capabilities" here; this is a trap in the question.

We think you meant to say that we can select Option C (in that C does NOT weaken); if so, you are correct; the conclusion refers to the use of cloned cows, not their naturally born offspring, so Option C is irrelevant.

We hope this helps.

All the best!
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In the Netherlands, a recent study conducted by scientists reveals Updated on: 11 Apr 2022, 15:38
Originally posted by ExpertsGlobal5 on 10 Apr 2022, 07:36.
Last edited by ExpertsGlobal5 on 11 Apr 2022, 15:38, edited 5 times in total.
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CrackGMat656
Why is D wrong ? isn't government banning is out of scope

Hello CrackGMat656,

We hope this finds you well.

To answer your query, Option D states that the government may not approve mass-scale cloning; this implies that cloning may be allowed on a small scale; under such circumstances, using cloned cows instead of natural cows will not "greatly benefit" the milk products businesses because they will only have access to a smaller number of clones, meaning they will not be able to produce significantly greater amount of milk.

The mistake that you may have committed here is to read just "government ban" and not process its impact on the issue in hand; when "government ban" limits the scale of cloning, it weakens the likelihood of success of the plan; the businesses may still be able to use the cloned cows but, because of the lower scale, not "greatly benefit".

Another mistake you may be committing is not noticing the phrases "greatly beneficial" in the argument and "if true" in the question stem. Please read the bold parts below carefully once more to get all layers; these "if true...except" questions can be sometimes challenging.

Many businesses are now looking to use cloned cows instead of natural cows. Doing so will be greatly beneficial to milk products businesses because of the additional volume of milk generated.

"Each of the following, if true, would weaken the argument EXCEPT:"

We hope this helps.

All the best!
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Why is D wrong ? isn't government banning is out of scope

You're absolutely right. Answer D addresses how much cloning the milk companies will actually be able to do. That has nothing to do with how beneficial cloning would be if the companies could do it, which is what the argument talks about.
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In the Netherlands, a recent study conducted by scientists reveals 11 Apr 2022, 16:21
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Hello Vibhav10,

We hear you. Many students will choose choice D, following your line of reasoning.

Please note certain important terms in the question here.

The argument says "Many businesses are looking to use cloned cows".
- The argument does not say that the business are looking to "switch" to using cloned cows.

The question stem is:
Doing so will be greatly beneficial to milk products businesses because of the additional volume of milk generated.
- "Doing so" refers to "using cloned cows".
- Please note the term "greatly benefit"; such extra words as "greatly" often have a role to play.

Choice D says "The government in the Netherlands may not approve mass-scale cloning."
- The choice says not approving "mass-scale" cloning; in limited extent, cloning may still be allowed.

Putting the aforesaid points together, choice D leads to a scenario that the businesses will be able to "use" the cloned cows but "not greatly benefit" from the use because of the ban on "mass-scale" cloning.

Getting why answer choice D may weaken does require processing several layers in the argument, question stem, and the answer choice.

A much easier way to getting this question correct is simply understanding that the conclusion refers to the use of cloned cows, not their naturally born offspring. So, Option C is irrelevant and thus, cannot weaken the argument. Many students will get confused in what is the nature of "biological capabilities" etc; the point is that the nature of those capabilities doesn't matter because "naturally born offsprings" are out of the scope of the conclusion; the subjective "biological capabilities" is a trap here,

Eliminating choice D requires significant reasoning. If you chose "D", a bigger mistake was to eliminate "C'. Remember, eliminating the obviously-correct answer choice is sometimes a bigger mistake than not being able to eliminate the difficult-to-eliminate choices.

Thanks.


Vibhav10
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rohan2345
In the Netherlands, a recent study conducted by scientists reveals that cloned cows produce greater volumes of milk than do naturally born cow. There is a strong reaction to this study by the milk products industry. Many businesses are now looking to use cloned cows instead of natural cows. Doing so will be greatly beneficial to milk products businesses because of the additional volume of milk generated.

Each of the following, if true, would weaken the argument EXCEPT:

A- The cost of maintaining a cloned cow is three times the cost of maintaining a naturally born cow.

B- The quality of milk by cloned cows is not suitable to create cheese, the most commonly sold milk product in the Netherlands.

C- The offspring through cloned cows are much weaker and will go on to have much lower biological capabilities than the natural cows.

D- The government in the Netherlands may not approve mass-scale cloning.

E- The study was done over a few weeks and the long-term milk production capabilities of cloned cows remain uncertain.

Source: Experts' Global.

Question Stem says,

1. Netherlands had a recent study where it was found that cloned cows produced GREATER VOLUMES of MILK than do naturally born cow.
(My thought process starts on this line with - only greater volume mentioned, quality not mentioned here. Thought can be used )

2. Reaction by the Milk Industry was positive and strong. Many businesses are NOW LOOKING to use cloned cows instead of natural cows.
(My thought process starts on the bold part. "Now Looking" means that they are weighing their options on this for going forward. Must be a very big step. Obviously have to look at budget and feasibility of Plan. Again this thought can be used.)

3. Conclusion as per author (Last Line of Stem) - If they go ahead with their PLANS OF A SWITCH from natural cows to cloned cows, they will BENEFIT BECAUSE of the GREATER VOLUME GENERATED.

Next Moving to options and finding option that is NOT A WEAKENER

rohan2345
A- The cost of maintaining a cloned cow is three times the cost of maintaining a naturally born cow..
Whoa !!.
Three times the cost ???.
Definitely a weakener because if a company starts production and their maintenance costs all of a sudden become higher than their profits. That is a big NO.
Hence definitely a weakener.

rohan2345
B- The quality of milk by cloned cows is not suitable to create cheese, the most commonly sold milk product in the Netherlands.
Hey If you don't have quality in your product (that too that sells the most) how are you gonna market and sell it.
Hence definitely a weakener.

rohan2345
C- The offspring through cloned cows are much weaker and will go on to have much lower biological capabilities than the natural cows.
Hmm... What is the scope of biological capabilities here ? Do we really have to consider this much into the future ?
Cannot assume so much here. Will keep this option for consideration as it
Does not look like a definite weakener

rohan2345
D- The government in the Netherlands may not approve mass-scale cloning.
If government does not approve. How to move forward on our plan. If no plan execution, No profits.
Hence definitely a weakener.

rohan2345
E- The study was done over a few weeks and the long-term milk production capabilities of cloned cows remain uncertain.
This option makes the study look like a small fraction of what companies are expecting as research before switching completely, production using natural cows to cloned cows. If companies not satisfied with research. They will not move forward with the plan as the plan, to start with, will most probably be cost intensive.
Hence definitely a weakener.

Hence from the above options, only C seems not weaken the conclusion.
the conclusion is - DOING SO will be beneficial to the milk industry
emphasis on doing so.....
the govt may not approve of the plan is not a weakener but merely says that the plan may not get initiated at all ,we cannot say that the plan will not be beneficial if its implemented
C is a weakener - it certainly and clearly states that offsprings are weaker and therefore the plan is only beneficial in the short term and thus this plan WILL NOT be beneficial
maybe iam wrong and would be glad if someone could confirm if iam correct or wrong , thanks
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In the Netherlands, a recent study conducted by scientists reveals 12 Nov 2022, 10:56
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Conclusion - . Doing so will be greatly beneficial to milk products businesses because of the additional volume of milk generated.

C- The offspring through cloned cows are much weaker and will go on to have much lower biological capabilities than the natural cows.
>> If the offspring are "much" weaker than natural cows then future volume of milk produced will be much lower and hence this weakens the argument. Now, lets compare it with D then decide.


D- The government in the Netherlands may not approve mass-scale cloning.
>> Important word being - mass-scale cloning. So government wont mass scale cloning but to some extent it will and thus this part will be beneficial.
Eg.
Before cloing - 100 litres
If cloning is allowed by government - 150 litres
If "mass-scale" cloning is not allowed but to some extent it is allowed - 130 litres
Hence it will be beneficial. This does not weaken (though not strengthen if it is argued that it will greatly be beneficial to milk business)

Please correct me if I am wrong
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In the Netherlands, a recent study conducted by scientists reveals 04 Feb 2023, 05:39
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Still not sure about why C is choosen over E here. Can someone help.
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In the Netherlands, a recent study conducted by scientists reveals 04 Feb 2023, 17:22
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I think cycaroline47s comment above perfectly sums up the logic. If the industry uses cloned cows, the health of the cows offspring is irrelevant since they can just keep cloning cows from now on. If anything, this would strengthen the switch to using cloned cows exclusively.

This is actually a really interesting question. You have to think about the issue and the answers more than others to arrive at the right choice. It’s kind of a trick question. I immediately dismissed c because obviously the weaker offspring would weaken the argument, but since there doesn’t have to be offspring at all with cloned cows, this doesn’t weaken it at all.

Sorry if I missed it if someone else brought it up, I only saw the one comment that mentioned this.

Posted from my mobile device
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In the Netherlands, a recent study conducted by scientists reveals 16 Aug 2023, 13:08
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Yeah, I am not seeing a solid reason why D isn't the correct answer. The argument clearly adds a qualifier "doing so would result in....", and you'd have to imagine that the government not approving of cloned animals would negate the qualifier itself. This doesn't affect the core of the argument at all, which is "using cloned animals is good for business", not "businesses have made a clear commitment to using cloned animals, including multiple investments, a decision which will benefit them", in which case, the potential stoppage of utilization of cloned animals would actually have a bearing on the argument. I understand the argument by adstudy above, but IMO, it sounds a bit too stretched thin to be convincing.

On the other hand, C clearly implies that this approach isn't sustainable beyond even one generation. Really really hard to see how C doesn't imply that this is "not" a beneficial approach to businesses. After all, this falls under basic business strategy, that of sustained development after 15 or so years, something that can very plausibly fall into "benefitting the business", even if you want to be strictly pedantic.

Can experts advise on this?
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In the Netherlands, a recent study conducted by scientists reveals 17 Oct 2024, 12:05
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Why C does not weaken the argument:

C talks about the offspring of cloned cows being weaker with lower biological capabilities, but this doesn’t directly affect the current milk production of the cloned cows themselves. Since the argument is focused on the immediate benefit of increased milk production, the long-term biological weaknesses of the offspring do not undermine the central claim that cloned cows currently produce more milk

Why not D?
D. The government in the Netherlands may not approve mass-scale cloning.
This statement introduces a potential regulatory issue that could prevent businesses from using cloned cows on a large scale. If mass-scale cloning isn't approved, then even though cloned cows produce more milk, businesses wouldn't be able to adopt this practice widely. Therefore, this weakens the argument because it suggests that businesses might not be able to take advantage of the benefits of cloned cows due to government restrictions.
The argument's premise relies on the assumption that businesses can use cloned cows to benefit from their increased milk production. If mass-scale cloning is not approved, this undermines the potential benefit, which directly weakens the conclusion.
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In the Netherlands, a recent study conducted by scientists reveals 17 Oct 2024, 12:06
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Still not sure about why C is choosen over E here. Can someone help.

My two cents:

If the long-term milk production capabilities of cloned cows are uncertain, businesses may not experience the expected benefits over time.
This introduces doubt about whether cloned cows can continue to produce more milk consistently in the long run, which weakens the argument.

The argument assumes that cloned cows will consistently produce more milk than naturally born cows, but if the study only covers a short period, the higher milk production might not last, weakening the claim that businesses will benefit from using cloned cows.
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