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17 Apr 2020, 15:35
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GMAThunterr
The argument says "if THESE trends in fuel production and usage continue."
So according to the passage, which trends are THESE trends?
- Heating systems are converted from oil to natural gas
- More natural gas is produced domestically each year than is used domestically
- Domestic oil production is increasing at a steady pace
The only usage trend stated here refers to the energy source for heating systems.
Choice (D) asks, "Is the amount of oil used each year in Malvernia for generating electricity and fuel for transportation increasing?"
This question introduces additional data points on usage: the amount of oil used each year for generating electricity and for transportation.
This does not contradict or supersede information in the passage. In fact, answering this question would lead to valuable insight that would be very helpful in evaluating the conclusion (that reliance on foreign sources for fuel is likely to decline soon).
I hope this helps!
silverprince
28 Dec 2020, 09:07
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This passage basically suggests that in Malvernia, there's a surplus of locally produced natural gas, but clearly a shortage of locally produced oil, although Malvernian oil production is increasing at a steady pace (we just don't know by how much). The conclusion "Malvernian reliance on foreign sources for fuel is likely to decline soon" is only valid if we know that any one or a combination of these trends is possible.
- Malvernian oil production is rising sharp enough to reduce Malvernia's reliance on imported oil, even if Malvernian reliance on oil as an energy source is increasing
- Malvernia's reliance on oil as a fuel declines sharply as a significant proportion of the country's energy mix transitions to locally produced fuel sources e.g. natural gas, and the natural gas surpluss is sufficient to meet this demand.
(A) - Incorrect: Irrelevant. We don't need Malvernian oil production to outstrip production of natural gas for Malvernia's reliance on imports to decline.
(B) - Incorrect: Irrelevant. Whether or not Malvernia is among the countries that rely the most on imported oil is irrelevant to whether Malvernia's reliance on imports will decline. It could be the most reliant or the least reliant - neither scenarios changes anything.
(C) - Incorrect: Out of scope. We don't necessarily need to know about the proportion of Malvernia's energy needs that are met by other fuel sources unless there's another trend that is occurring for another fuel source (e.g. energy supply from nuclear sources is rising fast enough to cope with Malvernian demand soon) but we don't have this information.
(D) - Correct - If Malvernia's reliance on oil is increasing, then it's unlikely that Malvernai's reliance on oil will decline soon. Even if Malvernian oil production is increasing at the same pace, Malvernia will continue to rely on imports to meet demand. If however, Malvernia's reliance on oil is not increasing, then we may expect to see a decline in Malvernia's reliance on foreign sources.
(E) - Incorrect: Warp. Even if some existing oil-burning heating systems have been converted to natural-gas-burning heating systems, Malvernia's reliance on foreign sources for fuel could still remain or increase. Heating systems are just one of several forms of uses of oil. We don't know the proportion of energy consumption that attributed to heating systems. Moreover, we don't have any information on those heating systems that have been converted as a proportion of all Malvernian heating systems.
- Malvernian oil production is rising sharp enough to reduce Malvernia's reliance on imported oil, even if Malvernian reliance on oil as an energy source is increasing
- Malvernia's reliance on oil as a fuel declines sharply as a significant proportion of the country's energy mix transitions to locally produced fuel sources e.g. natural gas, and the natural gas surpluss is sufficient to meet this demand.
(D) - Correct - If Malvernia's reliance on oil is increasing, then it's unlikely that Malvernai's reliance on oil will decline soon. Even if Malvernian oil production is increasing at the same pace, Malvernia will continue to rely on imports to meet demand. If however, Malvernia's reliance on oil is not increasing, then we may expect to see a decline in Malvernia's reliance on foreign sources.
05 Jul 2024, 07:05
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(A) When, if ever, will production of oil in Malvernia outstrip production of natural gas?
>> Doesn't need to, less oil can be produced as long as the demand is moving away from oil
(B) Is Malvernia among the countries that rely most on imported oil?
>> The country can be ranked 1st or 11th or 111th, this is just one side of the context- we need to know if the demand will slow down now. if demand goes down- it may hypothetically support any position in the rank.
(C) What proportion of Malvernia's total energy needs is met by hydroelectric, solar, and nuclear power?
>> irrelevant. they can be 5 % or 50% percent. this is about the import dependency of oil and oil's supply.
(D) Is the amount of oil used each year in Malvernia for generating electricity and fuel for transportation increasing?
>> The passage mentions heating systems, it is possible heating system requires less oil but our sectors need more oil. Hence we need the answer to this
(E) Have any existing oil-burning heating systems in Malvernia already been converted to natural-gas-burning heating systems?
>> Conversion of one (any) heating system is barely significant.
>> Doesn't need to, less oil can be produced as long as the demand is moving away from oil
(B) Is Malvernia among the countries that rely most on imported oil?
>> The country can be ranked 1st or 11th or 111th, this is just one side of the context- we need to know if the demand will slow down now. if demand goes down- it may hypothetically support any position in the rank.
(C) What proportion of Malvernia's total energy needs is met by hydroelectric, solar, and nuclear power?
>> irrelevant. they can be 5 % or 50% percent. this is about the import dependency of oil and oil's supply.
(D) Is the amount of oil used each year in Malvernia for generating electricity and fuel for transportation increasing?
>> The passage mentions heating systems, it is possible heating system requires less oil but our sectors need more oil. Hence we need the answer to this
(E) Have any existing oil-burning heating systems in Malvernia already been converted to natural-gas-burning heating systems?
>> Conversion of one (any) heating system is barely significant.
