It is perhaps not surprising that debate has arisen over bioluminescen

Question

It is perhaps not surprising that debate has arisen over bioluminescence-based biotechnologies because although they may lead to remarkable products, the biological process in the creatures that serve as models for biomimetic products are themselves not entirely understood. To take a single example, green fluorescent protein (GFP) extracted from certain species of jellyfish-Aequorea victoria, to be specific-and placed on a silicon dioxide substrate between two electrodes will organize itself into strands that absorb the photons from ultraviolet light and emit a detectable electric current. Researchers see great promise in this technology. For example, GFP strands could become a minute biophotovoltaic power pack from which could be created more cost-effective solar cells.

Despite the excitement over this promising research, questions about sustainability and method persist. The Aequorea victoria which exists in colonies in Puget Sound and from which GFP is derived-has been found in declining numbers over the last two decades. However, whereas the jellyfish were abundantly available for collection two decades ago, their numbers have now decreased. This decrease is not clearly related to collection, but it cannot be ruled out as a factor, as some research suggests that ocean conditions are generally favorable toward jellyfish overpopulation. Research into the application of GFP often yields inconsistent results because the jellyfish's bioluminescent activity is still not completely understood. The glowing effect, which appears only on a specimen's margins, is not continuous, and what provokes it is not known. Researchers in lab conditions can easily cause the bioluminescent reaction to occur, but when undisturbed, specimens rarely glow.    1 
 1. The author's primary purpose in this passage is to

A. discuss potential benefits of bioluminescence-based biotechnology and potential problems with its research.
B. discourage further research into Aequorea victoria's bioluminescent capabilities.
C. celebrate the promised benefits of biophotovoltaic production.
D. raise questions that need to be answered before research in bioluminescence-based biotechnologies can be sustainable or effective.
E. describe the beauty of the glow of bioluminescent jellyfish.

2 
 2. The passage's discussion of biophotovoltaic power provides support for which of the following assertions?

A. The natural world is too fragile to endure the development of this technology.
B. The development of better solar cells is vital to renewable energy research.
C. The use of biophotovoltaic power may cause declining jellyfish populations in Puget Sound.
D. A biological process might yield technological benefits even before it is fully understood.
E. Bioluminescence-based biotechnology will revolutionize the energy industry.

3 
 3. The first paragraph performs which of the following functions in the passage?

A. It lists problems associated with research into bioluminescent jellyfish in Puget Sound.
B. It gives an example of a controversial area of research and the benefits it may yield.
C. It investigates the practicality of a potentially beneficial area of research and gives examples of problems that must be solved.
D. It describes the technique used to cause extracted GFPs to emit electrical current.
E. It encourages increased corporate and academic support of research into bioenergies.

sanjayparihar16 · Answer

1. The author's primary purpose in this passage is to

A. discuss potential benefits of bioluminescence-based biotechnology and potential problems with its research. ----> correct
B. discourage further research into Aequorea victoria's bioluminescent capabilities. ----> Nothing is dicouraged
C. celebrate the promised benefits of biophotovoltaic production. ----> Author is not happy about the research, thus not celebrating
D. raise questions that need to be answered before research in bioluminescence-based biotechnologies can be sustainable or effective. ----> This is partially true but that's not the main purpose. It also talks about the potential benefits
E. describe the beauty of the glow of bioluminescent jellyfish. ----> not even mentioned once

2. The passage's discussion of biophotovoltaic power provides support for which of the following assertions?

A. The natural world is too fragile to endure the development of this technology. ----> too much pessimism in this choice, there are problems but we don't know if world is too fragile
B. The development of better solar cells is vital to renewable energy research. ----> we know that this technology can provide more effective solar cells, but we don't know if this is vital for the renewable energy research
C. The use of biophotovoltaic power may cause declining jellyfish populations in Puget Sound. ----> we already know that the population is declining
D. A biological process might yield technological benefits even before it is fully understood. ----> True, the benefits are known but the process is not fully understood.
E. Bioluminescence-based biotechnology will revolutionize the energy industry. ----> revolutionize? how can we say that, wrong choice.

3. The first paragraph performs which of the following functions in the passage?

A. It lists problems associated with research into bioluminescent jellyfish in Puget Sound. ----> it also talks about the benefits
B. It gives an example of a controversial area of research and the benefits it may yield. ----> correct choice
C. It investigates the practicality of a potentially beneficial area of research and gives examples of problems that must be solved. ----> is it investigating the practicality? it says the research is in controversial space 
D. It describes the technique used to cause extracted GFPs to emit electrical current. ----> that is mentioned but not the primary purpose
E. It encourages increased corporate and academic support of research into bioenergies. ----> wrong, no mention of corporate or academic support

zyt · Answer

1. The author's primary purpose in this passage is to
 
A. discuss potential benefits of bioluminescence-based biotechnology and potential problems with its research.
CORRECT: The first paragraph describes the potential benefit and the second paragraph enumerates the problems

B. discourage further research into Aequorea victoria's bioluminescent capabilities.
incorrect: the passage outlines the problems but does not discourage further research

C. celebrate the promised benefits of biophotovoltaic production.
incorrect: the tone of the passage is not celebratory, it is questioning the research

D. raise questions that need to be answered before research in bioluminescence-based biotechnologies can be sustainable or effective.
incorrect: the passage raises questions but it does not say that these questions have to be answered before further research.

E. describe the beauty of the glow of bioluminescent jellyfish.
incorrect: beauty is not mentioned in the passage

2. The passage's discussion of biophotovoltaic power provides support for which of the following assertions?

A. The natural world is too fragile to endure the development of this technology.
incorrect: fragility is not discussed

B. The development of better solar cells is vital to renewable energy research.
incorrect: Though solar cells is mentioned its importance to renewable energy is not

C. The use of biophotovoltaic power may cause declining jellyfish populations in Puget Sound.
incorrect: the collection of jelly fish to extract GFP may cause decline of population

D. A biological process might yield technological benefits even before it is fully understood.
CORRECT: this is clearly mentioned in the second sentence of first paragraph

E. Bioluminescence-based biotechnology will revolutionize the energy industry
incorrect: the passage says it shows great promise but has problems

3. The first paragraph performs which of the following functions in the passage?

A. It lists problems associated with research into bioluminescent jellyfish in Puget Sound.
incorrect: It tells about benefits of GFP obtained from the jelly fish as an example of bioluminescence

B. It gives an example of a controversial area of research and the benefits it may yield.
CORRECT: It introduced biotechnology as debatable field, it discusses about the benefits of bioluminescence based biotechnology by example of the GFP from jelly fish.

C. It investigates the practicality of a potentially beneficial area of research and gives examples of problems that must be solved.
incorrect: it does not investigate practicality, it does not say that the problems must be solved before it can be used.
Infact it can be used even though not completely understood.

D. It describes the technique used to cause extracted GFPs to emit electrical current.
incorrect: this is a part of only the first para

E. It encourages increased corporate and academic support of research into bioenergies.
incorrect: out of scope, corporate and academic support not mentioned

sanjitscorps18 · Answer

1. The author's primary purpose in this passage is to
A. discuss potential benefits of bioluminescence-based biotechnology and potential problems with its research.
--> Correctly describes the overall passage

2. The passage's discussion of biophotovoltaic power provides support for which of the following assertions?
D. A biological process might yield technological benefits even before it is fully understood.
--> This assertion is provided by the passage's discussion of biophotovoltaic power

3. The first paragraph performs which of the following functions in the passage?
B. It gives an example of a controversial area of research and the benefits it may yield.
--> Correctly explains the function of the first paragraph

ADB

pintukr · Answer

Paragraph 1 : Benefits of promising area of research into bioluminescence-based biotechnologies (Note : creatures serving as models for bio-mimetic products are themselves not fully understood)
Paragraph 2 : Issues wrt sustainability of creatures (viz. jellyfish) and occurrence of bioluminiscent reactions.

Overall : Potential benefits of bioluminescence-based biotechnology and potential problems with its research , while simultaneously highlighting that the underlying biological process in itself is not completely understood.

1. The author's primary purpose in this passage is to

A. discuss potential benefits of bioluminescence-based biotechnology and potential problems with its research.
 In line with the summary 9both aspects) as highlighted above...CORRECT answer
 
B. discourage further research into Aequorea victoria's bioluminescent capabilities.
 Nowhere is it suggested that there should be no further research into bioluminisecence based technologies.

C. celebrate the promised benefits of biophotovoltaic production.
 Simultaneous to the benefits, the associated problems have also been highlighted.

D. raise questions that need to be answered before research in bioluminescence-based biotechnologies can be sustainable or effective.
 Besides the questions into the research, the benefits have also been elucidated. Effectiveness of 'research' is not the purpose of the passage.

E. describe the beauty of the glow of bioluminescent jellyfish.
 only a portion of the passage highlights the beauty of the glow.

2. The passage's discussion of biophotovoltaic power provides support for which of the following assertions?

A. The natural world is too fragile to endure the development of this technology.
 The decreasing numbers of the jellyfish have not been solely attributed to collection for furthering the bioluminescence-based biotechnologies

B. The development of better solar cells is vital to renewable energy research.
 Nowhere suggested in the passage

C. The use of biophotovoltaic power may cause declining jellyfish populations in Puget Sound.
 May or may not betrue, as per the 2nd paragraph of the passage

D. A biological process might yield technological benefits even before it is fully understood.
 Technological benefits of bioluminescence-based biotechnologies in r/o jellyfish have been highlighted, while simultaneously highlighting that the biological process is itself not fully understood..CORRECT answer

E. Bioluminescence-based biotechnology will revolutionize the energy industry.
 Too extreme..Too far-fetched an assertion vis-a-vis the claim of 'More cost effective solar cells' made in the passage

3. The first paragraph performs which of the following functions in the passage?

A. It lists problems associated with research into bioluminescent jellyfish in Puget Sound.
 The problems (as highlighted in this prompt) have been discussed in the 2nd paragraph

B. It gives an example of a controversial area of research and the benefits it may yield.
 In line with the summary of paragraph 1 (above)..Benefits have been highlighted in the 1st paragraph..CORRECT answer

C. It investigates the practicality of a potentially beneficial area of research and gives examples of problems that must be solved.
 Problems find a mention only in the 2nd paragraph
 
D. It describes the technique used to cause extracted GFPs to emit electrical current.
 Too limited in scope..as regard the 1st paragraph

E. It encourages increased corporate and academic support of research into bioenergies.
 'Increased corporate and academic support of research into bioenergies' --> not suggested anywhere in the passage

av1901 · Answer

1. The author's primary purpose in this passage is to

A. discuss potential benefits of bioluminescence-based biotechnology and potential problems with its research.

CORRECT. The author starts by stating that the debate is unsurprising implying that there are benefits and downsides to this technology. The author then, in the first passage discusses the mechanism and potential benefits (like solar cells) from it and in the next paragraph details the potential problems it is causing and will continue to cause in the long run

B. discourage further research into Aequorea victoria's bioluminescent capabilities.

Although its mentioned that extraction might be resulting in their reducing numbers, it is only mentioned slightly in the second paragraph without much emphasis or any sort of certainty either

C. celebrate the promised benefits of biophotovoltaic production.

The benefit of biophotovoltaic production could lead to cost effective solar cells; this is listed as a potential benefit while discussing the technology in general

D. raise questions that need to be answered before research in bioluminescence-based biotechnologies can be sustainable or effective.

The passage is more concerned with detailing positives and drawbacks, rather than raising questions about the same

E. describe the beauty of the glow of bioluminescent jellyfish.

Irrelevant and not mentioned by the author in the passage

==============================================================================

2. The passage's discussion of biophotovoltaic power provides support for which of the following assertions?

A. The natural world is too fragile to endure the development of this technology.

Nowhere in the passage has it been stated or even implied that the natural world is too fragile or that this technology is too destructive for the fragile world

B. The development of better solar cells is vital to renewable energy research.

The passage does state that the development of cost effective solar cells is possible due to GFP but there is no mention about renewable energy research in the passage

C. The use of biophotovoltaic power may cause declining jellyfish populations in Puget Sound.

No, the extraction of GFP could lead to reducing numbers of the fish but using the power has no effect on the jellyfish population in Puget Sound

D. A biological process might yield technological benefits even before it is fully understood.

CORRECT. The passage states in the beginning that the technology via which this is happening is not entirely understood so it can be asserted that we can have benefits from the biological process without fully understanding the same

E. Bioluminescence-based biotechnology will revolutionize the energy industry.

Although it will lead to positives, but the passage does not state or imply it being able to revolutionize the industry

==============================================================================

3. The first paragraph performs which of the following functions in the passage?

A. It lists problems associated with research into bioluminescent jellyfish in Puget Sound.

The problems are actually listed in the second paragraph of the passage

B. It gives an example of a controversial area of research and the benefits it may yield.

CORRECT. The passage starts by stating that debate over this is understandable highlighting how this topic is controversial, and then it provides a specific example of the same and the potential benefit it could yield

C. It investigates the practicality of a potentially beneficial area of research and gives examples of problems that must be solved.

Again, the examples of problems are detailed and discussed in the second paragraph of the passage

D. It describes the technique used to cause extracted GFPs to emit electrical current.

Although it does describe the technique but only in part of a broader narrative that involves telling about the area of research and its potential benefits

E. It encourages increased corporate and academic support of research into bioenergies.

This is not mentioned or implied anywhere in the passage

Ritax · Answer

Eventhough I got wrong in previous passages , but will keep continue. Main Idea: Passage introduced to new field bioluminescense-based biotechnologies. This biological process attrack a lot of scientist's attention, because it may lead to remarkable products. However, the creatures served as models for this process are not entirely understood. The author provide an example of GFP from jelly fish, the substance that can create more cost-effiective solar cells. The main issue is about the inconsistent research result of GFP, this means that sceintists are not yet totally understand this creature.

Deleted Q2 Q3 as incorrect answer Q1 The author's primary purpose in this passage is to Prethink : As written in the main idea, the author introduce a process and further point out it benefit and thinks that scientist still lack. A. discuss potential benefits of bioluminescence-based biotechnology and potential problems with its research. ✓ Yes along the line with the main idea prethink, discuss benefit and problems. B. discourage further research into Aequorea victoria's bioluminescent capabilities. X The author did not mean to discourage any research C. celebrate the promised benefits of biophotovoltaic production. X There is no production came out yet, only talk about benefit that might provide D. raise questions that need to be answered before research in bioluminescence-based biotechnologies can be sustainable or effective. X the question was raised after research has been conducted E. describe the beauty of the glow of bioluminescent jellyfish. X not relate to the passage

vrsthe1 · Answer

P1  -->  debate, not surprising  over BLBT, as though they may lead to useful products, but the process are not yet fully understood.
example of how GFP (a BLBT) can be used to make a more cost-effective product.

P2  -->  Despite  (contradiction - means there may be a counter example or something w.r.t to earlier example.)
yes, about the decline of the creatures from where GFP is extracted. but how the creature does this activity is not understood. and the lab results vary alot.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Main Point  --> There is a debate, with example show/explain the both sides of the argument.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Q1. The author's primary purpose in this passage is to  
 A. discuss potential benefits of bioluminescence-based biotechnology and potential problems with its research. 
 Correct  --> Perfect, as this is debate pointing out both sides the potential benefits and potential problems.

B. discourage further research into Aequorea victoria's bioluminescent capabilities. 
 Not Correct  --> Not discouraging, but pointing out a potential problem.

C. celebrate the promised benefits of biophotovoltaic production. 
 Not Correct  --> there is a debate, not celebration.

D. raise questions that need to be answered before research in bioluminescence-based biotechnologies can be sustainable or effective. 
 Not Correct  --> there are no questions but debate on potential benefits and limitations.

E. describe the beauty of the glow of bioluminescent jellyfish. 
 Not Correct  -->Irrelevant and out of scope. the debate is not about beauty but research.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Q2. The passage's discussion of biophotovoltaic power provides support for which of the following assertions?  
 Think and work this out like a strengthen (through inference) question of CR.

A. The natural world is too fragile to endure the development of this technology. 
 Not Correct  --> This is a limitation not support.

B. The development of better solar cells is vital to renewable energy research. 
 Not Correct  --> better solar cells development is a potential benefit which would be good but not vital.

C. The use of biophotovoltaic power may cause declining jellyfish populations in Puget Sound. 
 Not Correct  --> This is jumbling mix of words from 2 paragraphs to make out gibberish. and it don't strengthen the question.

D. A biological process might yield technological benefits even before it is fully understood. 
 Not Correct  --> cannot be inferred from the passage and is almost opposite to what is said in passage. As the internal process of creatures is not understood, the development of technology is difficult.

E. Bioluminescence-based biotechnology will revolutionize the energy industry. 
 Correct  -->  will revolutionize  - yes in future, if the technology can be successfully developed. A potential benefit.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Q3. The first paragraph performs which of the following functions in the passage?  
 A. It lists problems associated with research into bioluminescent jellyfish in Puget Sound. 
 Not Correct  --> Problems / limitations are in 2nd paragraph.

B. It gives an example of a controversial area of research and the benefits it may yield. 
 Correct  --> yes, debate - controversy & benefits it may)potential) yield.

C. It investigates the practicality of a potentially beneficial area of research and gives examples of problems that must be solved. 
 Not Correct  --> This is part 1st paragraph and part 2nd paragraph. though there is no investigation at all, only debate.

D. It describes the technique used to cause extracted GFPs to emit electrical current. 
 Not Correct  --> though no technique is described, the statement is part 2nd paragraph.

E. It encourages increased corporate and academic support of research into bioenergies. 
 Not Correct  --> This is complete out of scope. Nothing is mentioned or can be inferred about support from corporate and academics.

happypuppy · Answer

1. D 
2. C
3. B

1. The author's primary purpose in this passage is to

A. discuss potential benefits of bioluminescence-based biotechnology and potential problems with its research.
- wrong - Tone from the very start is not in favour of the technology. "It is perhaps not surprising that debate has arisen over bioluminescence-based biotechnologies".
B. discourage further research into Aequorea victoria's bioluminescent capabilities.
- wrong - Author is not discouraging but asking few questions that needs to be answered
C. celebrate the promised benefits of biophotovoltaic production.
- wrong - Doesnt' talk about the problems/questions raised
 D. raise questions that need to be answered before research in bioluminescence-based biotechnologies can be sustainable or effective.
- Correct - From the very start, author's tone is to question or discuss about the debate. In 2nd para, author is completely into raising questions. 
 E. describe the beauty of the glow of bioluminescent jellyfish.
- wrong - Passage doesnt' talk about the problems/questions raised

Question 2
2. The passage's discussion of biophotovoltaic power provides support for which of the following assertions?

A. The natural world is too fragile to endure the development of this technology.
- wrong - Too generic, can't be an assertion. No where it is said to be "too fragile".
B. The development of better solar cells is vital to renewable energy research.
- wrong - Can't be inferred from " biophotovoltaic power pack from which could be created more cost-effective solar cells."
 C. The use of biophotovoltaic power may cause declining jellyfish populations in Puget Sound.
- Correct - Can be inferred from "However, whereas the jellyfish were abundantly available for collection two decades ago, their numbers have now decreased. This decrease is not clearly related to collection, but it cannot be ruled out as a factor, as some research suggests that ocean conditions are generally favorable toward jellyfish overpopulation. " 
D. A biological process might yield technological benefits even before it is fully understood.
- wrong - Author actually says opposite of it. The biophotovoltaic power and whole setup must be understood before.
E. Bioluminescence-based biotechnology will revolutionize the energy industry.
- wrong - Can't be asserted. This might be true but author doesn't clearly says it himself but researchers might agree to it.

Question 3
3. The first paragraph performs which of the following functions in the passage?

A. It lists problems associated with research into bioluminescent jellyfish in Puget Sound.
- wrong - It doesn't list all the problems. More of that is discussed in 2nd para.
 B. It gives an example of a controversial area of research and the benefits it may yield.
- Correct - Yes! Example of an area and debate(controversial) on it. Also, in last lines gives its benefits. 
C. It investigates the practicality of a potentially beneficial area of research and gives examples of problems that must be solved.
- wrong - It includes some part of para2. Also, "practicality" is not discusssed in 1st para. 
D. It describes the technique used to cause extracted GFPs to emit electrical current.
- wrong - That is just one part of it.
E. It encourages increased corporate and academic support of research into bioenergies.
- wrong - Nothing sort of encouragement given in 1st para.

Snehaaaaa · Answer

Question 1
1. The author's primary purpose in this passage is to
A. discuss potential benefits of bioluminescence-based biotechnology and potential problems with its research.- The author does not simply asserts the problem and benefits of bioluminescence-based biotechnology. The author from the start sounds to tell the readers that the questions that have arised are not surprising.
B. discourage further research into Aequorea victoria's bioluminescent capabilities.- This is not the primary purpose of the passage
C. celebrate the promised benefits of biophotovoltaic production.- Celebrate--> NO
 D. raise questions that need to be answered before research in bioluminescence-based biotechnologies can be sustainable or effective.- This is the primary purpose of the passage as the author highlights the problems and tells that these problems need to be fixed. This is the correct answer 
E. describe the beauty of the glow of bioluminescent jellyfish.- Out of scope

Question 2
2. The passage's discussion of biophotovoltaic power provides support for which of the following assertions?
A. The natural world is too fragile to endure the development of this technology.- This is a very extreme option; the passage's discussion does not support this.
B. The development of better solar cells is vital to renewable energy research.- This is not supported by the passage
 C. The use of biophotovoltaic power may cause declining jellyfish populations in Puget Sound.- This is the best option choice as the author has mentioned that decline is population cannot be ruled out, so there are chances for it to happen. This is the correct answer 
D. A biological process might yield technological benefits even before it is fully understood.- This is not supported by the passage
E. Bioluminescence-based biotechnology will revolutionize the energy industry.- This is also an extreme answer option

Question 3
3. The first paragraph performs which of the following functions in the passage?
A. It lists problems associated with research into bioluminescent jellyfish in Puget Sound.- This is not the intent of 1st para
 B. It gives an example of a controversial area of research and the benefits it may yield.- The 1st para is organised in this order. This is the correct answer 
C. It investigates the practicality of a potentially beneficial area of research and gives examples of problems that must be solved.- No investigation is carried here
D. It describes the technique used to cause extracted GFPs to emit electrical current.- Limited in scope
E. It encourages increased corporate and academic support of research into bioenergies.- Out of scope

gullyboy09 · Answer

Hi  KarishmaB , can you please help me with Q1 here? Author in the first line clearly mentioned "It is perhaps not surprising that debate has arisen..", which in my opinion means there are potential downsides to bioluminescence-based biotechnology. He then gave some more background about the topic itself, and moved to the issues. Q is about  primary   purpose  and not how passage is organized. I choose D, can you please help me why A is answer here? Also in A I don't see author discussed benefit(s), he only discussed one benefit.

The author's primary purpose in this passage is to

A. discuss potential benefits of bioluminescence-based biotechnology and potential problems with its research.
B. discourage further research into Aequorea victoria's bioluminescent capabilities.
C. celebrate the promised benefits of biophotovoltaic production.
D. raise questions that need to be answered before research in bioluminescence-based biotechnologies can be sustainable or effective.
E. describe the beauty of the glow of bioluminescent jellyfish.

guddo · Answer

1. The author's primary purpose in this passage is to

The passage presents a balanced discussion of bioluminescence-based biotechnology. It first explains the promise of GFP-based technology, especially its possible use in biophotovoltaic devices, and then shifts to the problems: declining jellyfish numbers, sustainability concerns, and the incomplete scientific understanding of the bioluminescent process.  So the passage is mainly about both the promise and the difficulties of this research.

(A) discuss potential benefits of bioluminescence-based biotechnology and potential problems with its research.

This is correct. The first paragraph explains the possible benefits, and the second paragraph explains the scientific and sustainability problems.

(B) discourage further research into Aequorea victoria's bioluminescent capabilities.

This is too strong. The author raises concerns, but does not argue that research should stop.

(C) celebrate the promised benefits of biophotovoltaic production.

This is too narrow and too positive. The passage is not mainly celebratory, and much of it focuses on problems.

(D) raise questions that need to be answered before research in bioluminescence-based biotechnologies can be sustainable or effective.

This is tempting, but it is a bit narrower than the passage’s overall purpose. The author is not mainly posing questions;  the author is discussing both promise and obstacles .

(E) describe the beauty of the glow of bioluminescent jellyfish.

This is clearly wrong. The passage is scientific and evaluative, not descriptive in that way.

Answer: (A)

It is perhaps not surprising that debate has arisen over bioluminescen

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GMAT Reading Comprehension (RC) Questions

It is perhaps not surprising that debate has arisen over bioluminescen

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