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Sub 505 Level|   Pronouns|   Verb Tense/Form|               
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SkyVarma
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Many population studies have linked a high-salt diet to high rates of 27 Jul 2020, 18:33
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EMPOWERgmatVerbal
sashankvarma
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Hello Everyone!

Let's tackle this question, one thing at a time, and narrow down our options quickly so we know how to answer questions like this when they pop up on the GMAT! To begin, let's take a quick look at the question and highlight any major differences between the options in orange:

Many population studies have linked a high-salt diet to high rates of hypertension and shown that in societies where they consume little salt, their blood pressure typically does not rise with age.

A. shown that in societies where they consume little salt, their

B. shown that in societies that have consumed little salt, their

C. shown that in societies where little salt is consumed,

D. showing that in societies where little salt is consumed,

E. showing that in societies where they consume little salt, their

After a quick glance over the options, a few key differences jump out:

1. shown vs. showing (Verb Form & Parallelism)
2. where they consume / that have consumed / is consumed (Verb Form & Pronouns)
3. Using “their” after the comma or not (Pronouns)

Since #1 is an easy either/or split, let’s start there! No matter which one we choose, we’ll eliminate 2-3 options rather quickly. This is mainly a matter of parallelism! We need to make sure the verb tense we use matches up with the earlier “linked.”

(*Note: We are using the most recent version of this question, which does not match feedback in the comments. Options D & E were updated at some point after this was originally posted.)

A. shown that in societies where they consume little salt, their

B. shown that in societies that have consumed little salt, their

C. shown that in societies where little salt is consumed,

D. showing that in societies where little salt is consumed,

E. showing that in societies where they consume little salt, their

We can eliminate options D & E because “showing” isn’t parallel to “linked.” Now that we have things narrowed down a bit, let’s move on to focusing on #2 and #3 on this list:

A. shown that in societies where they consume little salt, their
This is INCORRECT because it contains a couple vague pronouns! It’s not 100% clear what “they” and “their” are referring to. Logically, “they” and “their” refer back to “societies,” which makes no sense. A society is not the same thing as a person and cannot consume salt or get high blood pressure - however, the people within the society can.

B. shown that in societies that have consumed little salt, their
This is also INCORRECT because of the vague pronoun “their,” which is attempting to state that a society gets high blood pressure, not the people within that society, which makes no logical sense.

C. shown that in societies where little salt is consumed,
This is our CORRECT choice! It gets rid of the vague pronouns, and the meaning is clear to readers.

There you have it - option C is our winner!

Don’t study for the GMAT. Train for it.









Can we use 'where' for non locations? I saw in some video that we can use where only for location

Thanks for your question,

No, you cannot use "where" for non-locations on the GMAT. It sometimes happens in informal speech/writing, but for the GMAT, it's a no-no.

I hope that helps!
Show more



Thankyou for quick reply,
In the above question we are using `where` for `societies`. And here `societies` is not a physical location right? then, how come Option E is best one?
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Many population studies have linked a high-salt diet to high rates of 28 Jul 2020, 08:40
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Hi experts, can someone please explain why the use of "where" (...that in societies where little...) is correct here? I narrowed it down and selected B because I thought you cannot refer to societies using where.
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Many population studies have linked a high-salt diet to high rates of 28 Jul 2020, 16:26
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sashankvarma
EMPOWERgmatVerbal
sashankvarma
EMPOWERgmatVerbal
Hello Everyone!

Let's tackle this question, one thing at a time, and narrow down our options quickly so we know how to answer questions like this when they pop up on the GMAT! To begin, let's take a quick look at the question and highlight any major differences between the options in orange:

Many population studies have linked a high-salt diet to high rates of hypertension and shown that in societies where they consume little salt, their blood pressure typically does not rise with age.

A. shown that in societies where they consume little salt, their

B. shown that in societies that have consumed little salt, their

C. shown that in societies where little salt is consumed,

D. showing that in societies where little salt is consumed,

E. showing that in societies where they consume little salt, their

After a quick glance over the options, a few key differences jump out:

1. shown vs. showing (Verb Form & Parallelism)
2. where they consume / that have consumed / is consumed (Verb Form & Pronouns)
3. Using “their” after the comma or not (Pronouns)

Since #1 is an easy either/or split, let’s start there! No matter which one we choose, we’ll eliminate 2-3 options rather quickly. This is mainly a matter of parallelism! We need to make sure the verb tense we use matches up with the earlier “linked.”

(*Note: We are using the most recent version of this question, which does not match feedback in the comments. Options D & E were updated at some point after this was originally posted.)

A. shown that in societies where they consume little salt, their

B. shown that in societies that have consumed little salt, their

C. shown that in societies where little salt is consumed,

D. showing that in societies where little salt is consumed,

E. showing that in societies where they consume little salt, their

We can eliminate options D & E because “showing” isn’t parallel to “linked.” Now that we have things narrowed down a bit, let’s move on to focusing on #2 and #3 on this list:

A. shown that in societies where they consume little salt, their
This is INCORRECT because it contains a couple vague pronouns! It’s not 100% clear what “they” and “their” are referring to. Logically, “they” and “their” refer back to “societies,” which makes no sense. A society is not the same thing as a person and cannot consume salt or get high blood pressure - however, the people within the society can.

B. shown that in societies that have consumed little salt, their
This is also INCORRECT because of the vague pronoun “their,” which is attempting to state that a society gets high blood pressure, not the people within that society, which makes no logical sense.

C. shown that in societies where little salt is consumed,
This is our CORRECT choice! It gets rid of the vague pronouns, and the meaning is clear to readers.

There you have it - option C is our winner!

Don’t study for the GMAT. Train for it.









Can we use 'where' for non locations? I saw in some video that we can use where only for location

Thanks for your question,

No, you cannot use "where" for non-locations on the GMAT. It sometimes happens in informal speech/writing, but for the GMAT, it's a no-no.

I hope that helps!



Thankyou for quick reply,
In the above question we are using `where` for `societies`. And here `societies` is not a physical location right? then, how come Option E is best one?
Show more

HI sashankvarma! Option E is not the best answer - option C is. :)
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Many population studies have linked a high-salt diet to high rates of 29 Jul 2020, 04:13
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EMPOWERgmatVerbal
sashankvarma
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sashankvarma
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Hello Everyone!

Let's tackle this question, one thing at a time, and narrow down our options quickly so we know how to answer questions like this when they pop up on the GMAT! To begin, let's take a quick look at the question and highlight any major differences between the options in orange:

Many population studies have linked a high-salt diet to high rates of hypertension and shown that in societies where they consume little salt, their blood pressure typically does not rise with age.

A. shown that in societies where they consume little salt, their

B. shown that in societies that have consumed little salt, their

C. shown that in societies where little salt is consumed,

D. showing that in societies where little salt is consumed,

E. showing that in societies where they consume little salt, their

After a quick glance over the options, a few key differences jump out:

1. shown vs. showing (Verb Form & Parallelism)
2. where they consume / that have consumed / is consumed (Verb Form & Pronouns)
3. Using “their” after the comma or not (Pronouns)

Since #1 is an easy either/or split, let’s start there! No matter which one we choose, we’ll eliminate 2-3 options rather quickly. This is mainly a matter of parallelism! We need to make sure the verb tense we use matches up with the earlier “linked.”

(*Note: We are using the most recent version of this question, which does not match feedback in the comments. Options D & E were updated at some point after this was originally posted.)

A. shown that in societies where they consume little salt, their

B. shown that in societies that have consumed little salt, their

C. shown that in societies where little salt is consumed,

D. showing that in societies where little salt is consumed,

E. showing that in societies where they consume little salt, their

We can eliminate options D & E because “showing” isn’t parallel to “linked.” Now that we have things narrowed down a bit, let’s move on to focusing on #2 and #3 on this list:

A. shown that in societies where they consume little salt, their
This is INCORRECT because it contains a couple vague pronouns! It’s not 100% clear what “they” and “their” are referring to. Logically, “they” and “their” refer back to “societies,” which makes no sense. A society is not the same thing as a person and cannot consume salt or get high blood pressure - however, the people within the society can.

B. shown that in societies that have consumed little salt, their
This is also INCORRECT because of the vague pronoun “their,” which is attempting to state that a society gets high blood pressure, not the people within that society, which makes no logical sense.

C. shown that in societies where little salt is consumed,
This is our CORRECT choice! It gets rid of the vague pronouns, and the meaning is clear to readers.

There you have it - option C is our winner!

Don’t study for the GMAT. Train for it.









Can we use 'where' for non locations? I saw in some video that we can use where only for location

Thanks for your question,

No, you cannot use "where" for non-locations on the GMAT. It sometimes happens in informal speech/writing, but for the GMAT, it's a no-no.

I hope that helps!



Thankyou for quick reply,
In the above question we are using `where` for `societies`. And here `societies` is not a physical location right? then, how come Option E is best one?

HI sashankvarma! Option E is not the best answer - option C is. :)
Show more


Sorry, My bad. In option C as well, we are using 'Where' to refer 'Societies' right?
Is this correct reference?
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Many population studies have linked a high-salt diet to high rates of 17 Oct 2020, 11:33
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GMATNinja could you please explain us why the use of "where" to refer to a non-physical place is correct in this question? Thank you!
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Many population studies have linked a high-salt diet to high rates of 18 Oct 2020, 05:12
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A and B had much worse errors. But i'm still not convinced if "societies" is a metaphorical place? Since we need that to justify the usage of "where" pronoun. An "in which" would have been much better here.
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Many population studies have linked a high-salt diet to high rates of 26 Nov 2020, 02:05
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stevegt
Many population studies have linked a high-salt diet to high rates of hypertension and shown that in societies where they consume little salt, their blood pressure typically does not rise with age.


A. shown that in societies where they consume little salt, their

B. shown that in societies that have consumed little salt, their

C. shown that in societies where little salt is consumed,

D. showing that in societies where little salt is consumed,

E. showing that in societies where they consume little salt, their

SC91050.02
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I dont think this is simple. we will consider choice A, B and C
choice A
if "they' refers to 'societies', the sentence is " societies where societies consume". this makes no sense.
choice B.
"societies that have consumed salt" can be correct. I think " societies " can "consume" because "societies " are a group of persons. "a group of persons" can consume.
what is inferior in B is "their".
"their blood pressure dose not rise with age"
this sentence should be " their blood pressure dose not rise with THEIR age". if we dont want to use "their" , we have to cut off both "their".
in choice C, both "their" are cut off. we have parallelism here. so, choice C is better.

another point
in choice B, "have consumed" is different from "dose not rise". why we change tense. ? we have no meaning reason for changing the tense of the sentence. this is second error.
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Many population studies have linked a high-salt diet to high rates of 04 Jan 2021, 18:13
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GMATNinja could you please explain us why the use of "where" to refer to a non-physical place is correct in this question? Thank you!
Good question! I think it's reasonable to see that "where" and wonder whether a society really is a place. On the one hand, a "society" is a kind of abstraction, one encompassing far more than a physical location -- there are cultural, political, and economic elements. On the other hand, if you ask where a certain society is located, you could probably point to a place on a map, right? Given the uncertainty here, I wouldn't feel comfortable treating this as a concrete error.

But rather than agonize over how much leeway the GMAT grants us when we're interpreting what constitutes a place, think about what would have happened if you'd decided that "where" was a definitive error. Immediately, you'd be left with only (B). Take another look at that option:

Quote:
(B) Many population studies have linked a high-salt diet to high rates of hypertension and shown that in societies that have consumed little salt, their blood pressure
"Their" certainly seems to be referring to "societies." But societies don't have blood pressure -- people do! So if we decide that "where" is incorrect, we're forced to select an answer that's spectacularly illogical. And that's a good indication that our initial analysis was wrong.

The takeaway: there's an awful lot of gray area on SC questions. If you determine that one element is wrong, but eliminating every answer choice that contains this element leaves you with an option that is definitely wrong, you need to revisit your thought process and focus on other issues.

I hope that helps!
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Thank you very much!
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Many population studies have linked a high-salt diet to high rates of 08 Jan 2021, 10:58
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stevegt
Many population studies have linked a high-salt diet to high rates of hypertension and shown that in societies where they consume little salt, their blood pressure typically does not rise with age.


A. shown that in societies where they consume little salt, their

B. shown that in societies that have consumed little salt, their

C. shown that in societies where little salt is consumed,

D. showing that in societies where little salt is consumed,

E. showing that in societies where they consume little salt, their

SC91050.02
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Although I very much like the first post by EmpowerGMAT and that gets you quickest to the answer choice which matters the most.

I rule which I thought about differently was once you narrow down to B & C, by eliminating showing and their in the A, D & E.

B & C differ in the usage of "have consumed" and "is consumed"

Between these options, option B suggests something which was started in past and continuing in the present. While option C suggests something which is present and generalized.

Here, the usage of generalization is preferred as it is a study.

Hence, I choose C.

PS: I learned this rule from GMATNinja
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Many population studies have linked a high-salt diet to high rates of 04 Feb 2021, 01:19
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Many population studies have linked a high-salt diet to high rates of hypertension and shown that in societies where they consume little salt, their blood pressure typically does not rise with age.

A. shown that in societies where they consume little salt, their
-who is ‘their’ referring to…missing antecedent…presumably individuals in the study, but they aren’t mentioned

B. shown that in societies that have consumed little salt, their
-this nonsensically says societies THAT have consumed little salt as if to say societies have a diet

C. shown that in societies where little salt is consumed,
Correct…the introduction of ‘where’ as a modifier trumps the use of ‘that’ in B

D. showing that in societies where little salt is consumed,
-parallelism issue “have linked…and shown” is correct b/c we are using the past participle of a regular and irregular verb…’showing’ is incorrect

E. showing that in societies where they consume little salt, their
-same issue as A and D
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Many population studies have linked a high-salt diet to high rates of 21 Mar 2021, 01:10
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Many population studies have linked a high-salt diet to high rates of hypertension and shown that in societies where they consume little salt, their blood pressure typically does not rise with age.

A. shown that in societies where they consume little salt, their -> they refers to societies, let's re-read the sentence, "societies consume little salt". Incorrect. Actually, person consume salt, not society.

B. shown that in societies that have consumed little salt, their -> same as A. "their" refers to society and it doesn't make sense to say, societies blood pressure typically... Incorrect.

C. shown that in societies where little salt is consumed, -> Pronoun error is removed now.

D. showing that in societies where little salt is consumed, -> linked and showing are not parallel. Incorrect.

E. showing that in societies where they consume little salt, their -> Same as D.

So, I think C. :)
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Many population studies have linked a high-salt diet to high rates of 16 May 2021, 02:54
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Many population studies have linked a high-salt diet to high rates of hypertension and shown that in societies where they consume little salt, their blood pressure typically does not rise with age.


A. shown that in societies where they consume little salt, their
“Their” blood pressure cannot refer to societies’ blood pressure- Eliminate.

B. shown that in societies that have consumed little salt, their
Same as A. Eliminate.

C. shown that in societies where little salt is consumed,

Many population studies have-
Linked a high-salt diet to high rates of hypertension and
shown that in societies where little salt is consumed,
blood pressure typically does not rise with age.

Both verbs are parallel. Option C is correct.

D. showing that in societies where little salt is consumed,
“Showing” is not parallel to “linked”. Eliminate.

E. showing that in societies where they consume little salt, their
“Showing” is not parallel to “linked”
“Their” blood pressure cannot refer to societies’ blood pressure. Eliminate.
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Many population studies have linked a high-salt diet to high rates of 05 Aug 2022, 07:32
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Studies (subject) have [linked(particle)… and shown(particle)…]

A, B, and C remain.

In A and B, their (pronoun) refers to societies; nevertheless, it is quite nonlogical to think that a society may have a blood pressure issue.
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Many population studies have linked a high-salt diet to high rates of 22 Jul 2023, 12:55
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I understand why A) B) D) E) are incorrect. But I don't understand why C) is correct. Blood Pressure after Comma is correct? Blood Pressure is referring to people in societies' blood pressure?
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Many population studies have linked a high-salt diet to high rates of 28 Jul 2023, 20:12
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I understand why A) B) D) E) are incorrect. But I don't understand why C) is correct. Blood Pressure after Comma is correct? Blood Pressure is referring to people in societies' blood pressure?
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In choice (C), "in societies where little salt is consumed" modifies the clause after the "that": "blood pressure typically does not rise with age."

The "in societies..." part could probably go at the end of the sentence (something like "blood pressure typically does not rise with age in societies where little salt is consumed"), but putting it up front makes it clear that we're ONLY talking about certain societies (those where little salt is consumed). The comma simply separates the modifier ("in societies...") from the clause that it modifies ("blood pressure...").

Remember that the GMAT is fairly lenient when it comes to comma usage, so don't be too mechanical when it comes to applying comma "rules". For example, it's not uncommon for OA's to include commas that aren't strictly necessary, but that help break up the sentence and make it more readable. (See what I did with that last comma? It was very optional.)

I hope that helps!
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Many population studies have linked a high-salt diet to high rates of 30 Jul 2023, 09:52
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Many population studies have linked a high-salt diet to high rates of hypertension and shown that in societies where they consume little salt, their blood pressure typically does not rise with age.


A. shown that in societies where they consume little salt, their

B. shown that in societies that have consumed little salt, their

C. shown that in societies where little salt is consumed,

D. showing that in societies where little salt is consumed,

E. showing that in societies where they consume little salt, their




Why not A: they is ambiguous
Why not B : Societies don’t consume salt . The meaning conveys in such a way that societies consume salt.
Why not d : studies have linked and studies have showing . Parallelism error
Why not E : same error .
So, OA must be C

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