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Re: Maria: Calling any state totalitarian is misleading: it implies total [#permalink]
Ans B:


James brings in an alternative reasoning to attack Maria's conclusion


(A) pointing out a logical inconsistency between two statements she makes in support of her argument

(B) offering an alternative explanation for political conditions she mentions .. Correct

(C) rejecting some of the evidence she presents without challenging what she infers from it

[s](D) disputing the conditions under which a key term of her argument can be appropriately applied
[/s]

(E) demonstrating that her own premises lead to a conclusion different from hers[s][/s]
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Re: Maria: Calling any state totalitarian is misleading: it implies total [#permalink]
1
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The argument presents two different conditions under which a state can be termed as "totalitarian". The logic presented by first speaker is not disputed by the second speaker but the 2nd speaker merely points out that condition for calling a state "totalitarian" may not be the conditions as described by 1st speaker but instead something else.

Therefore, choice A (logical inconsistency), B (explanation for political conditions), C (rejecting some of the evidence) and E (common premises leading to different conclusion) can be rejected.

D is a winner since it matches our pre-thinking in so far as it talks of "disputing the condition under which key terms (totalitarian) can be applied"
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Re: Maria: Calling any state totalitarian is misleading: it implies total [#permalink]
M defines what a totalitarian system must actually imply.
J says that practically, the definition must be slightly altered.
A. There is no logical inconsistency in M’s argument.
B. The conditions under which the term totalitarian must be applied has been discussed by J. So good.
C. J does not reject anything M says.
D. J does not dispute the conditions under which the term totalitarian can be applied. He disputes the meaning of totalitarian in real world.
E. M’s premise is ‘ Calling any state totalitarian is misleading’. This doesn’t lead to a different conclusion.

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Re: Maria: Calling any state totalitarian is misleading: it implies total [#permalink]
Maria: Calling any state totalitarian is misleading: it implies total state control of all aspects of life. The real world contains no political entity exercising literally total control over even one such aspect. This is because any system of control is inefficient, and, therefore, its degree of control is partial.
James: A one-party state that has tried to exercise control over most aspects of a society and that has, broadly speaking, managed to do so is totalitarian. Such a system’s practical inefficiencies do not limit the aptness of the term, which does not describe a state’s actual degree of control as much as it describes the nature of a state’s ambitions.

James responds to Maria’s argument by


(A) pointing out a logical inconsistency between two statements she makes in support of her argument [He didn't point out any inconsistency ]

(B) offering an alternative explanation for political conditions she mentions [ He didn't offer any alternative explanation][/b]

(C) rejecting some of the evidence she presents without challenging what she infers from it [b][Nope]


(D) disputing the conditions under which a key term of her argument can be appropriately applied [Yes! He is the disputing the conditions for totalitarianism i.e. Nature of ambition rather than actual degree of control and control over most aspects rather than total control]

(E) demonstrating that her own premises lead to a conclusion different from hers [Hell Naw!]
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Re: Maria: Calling any state totalitarian is misleading: it implies total [#permalink]
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