Last visit was: 01 May 2026, 04:15 It is currently 01 May 2026, 04:15
Close
GMAT Club Daily Prep
Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email.

Customized
for You

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History

Track
Your Progress

every week, we’ll send you an estimated GMAT score based on your performance

Practice
Pays

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History
Not interested in getting valuable practice questions and articles delivered to your email? No problem, unsubscribe here.
Close
Request Expert Reply
Confirm Cancel
User avatar
Bunuel
User avatar
Math Expert
Joined: 02 Sep 2009
Last visit: 01 May 2026
Posts: 109,990
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 105,967
Products:
Expert
Expert reply
Active GMAT Club Expert! Tag them with @ followed by their username for a faster response.
Posts: 109,990
Kudos: 812,227
 [21]
2
Kudos
Add Kudos
19
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Most Helpful Reply
User avatar
AVRonaldo
Joined: 24 Jan 2015
Last visit: 22 Mar 2022
Posts: 56
Own Kudos:
665
 [5]
Given Kudos: 9
GPA: 4
WE:Consulting (Pharmaceuticals and Biotech)
Products:
Posts: 56
Kudos: 665
 [5]
4
Kudos
Add Kudos
1
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
General Discussion
avatar
rakeshmishra5690
Joined: 18 May 2016
Last visit: 23 May 2022
Posts: 27
Own Kudos:
36
 [1]
Given Kudos: 5
Posts: 27
Kudos: 36
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
User avatar
jackspire
Joined: 22 Sep 2017
Last visit: 10 Apr 2020
Posts: 124
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 97
Posts: 124
Kudos: 37
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
rakeshmishra5690
Ans C

Below is my reasoning.

Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843; a source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars.


A. Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843; a source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars. wrong because after semi colon, we need a clause

B. Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843, which is a source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars. wrong because which incorrectly modifies 1843

C. A source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843 and relied upon for its rich soil and tourist dollars. correct- opening modifier correctly modifying Mauna Loa. Perfect parallel structure is used.

D. A source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars, Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843. wrong - awkward constriction. who can be used only for people

E. A source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on the volcano’s rich soil and tourist dollars, Mauna Loa, an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843. wrong - missing main verb


Hii Rakesh, I hope option c is not the answer. If we consider the second part of the sentence "and relied upon for its rich soil and tourist dollars" it means that the volcano itself relies upon its rich soil and tourist dollars. But this is odd considering the meaning.

I am not an expert, but I guess C is not correct.
I opted A.
User avatar
abhinav2892
Joined: 07 Dec 2016
Last visit: 26 Nov 2024
Posts: 40
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 54
Location: India
GMAT 1: 710 Q50 V36
GPA: 4
GMAT 1: 710 Q50 V36
Posts: 40
Kudos: 7
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Hi jackspire , I agree that the 2nd part of C has a problem but in A , "who" modifies Hawai instead of the residents of hawai , that I believe would lead to the elimination of A

Thank You , COrrect me if I am wrong
User avatar
daagh
User avatar
Major Poster
Joined: 19 Feb 2007
Last visit: 16 Oct 2020
Posts: 5,262
Own Kudos:
42,466
 [2]
Given Kudos: 422
Status: enjoying
Location: India
WE:Education (Education)
Expert
Expert reply
Posts: 5,262
Kudos: 42,466
 [2]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
1
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
A. Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843; a source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars. -- Second part after the semicolon is a fragment.

B. Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843, which is a source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollar -- The relative pronoun 'which' cannot refer to the distant noun volcano overriding the verb has erupted.


C. A source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843 and relied upon for its rich soil and tourist dollars.-- Mauna Loa did not rely on its rich soil or the dollars. The residents depended upon them.

D. A source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars, Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843-- correct

E. A source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on the volcano’s rich soil and tourist dollars, Mauna Loa, an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843. -- This is a blatant fragment.
User avatar
Mo2men
Joined: 26 Mar 2013
Last visit: 09 May 2023
Posts: 2,426
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 641
Concentration: Operations, Strategy
Schools: Erasmus (II)
Products:
Schools: Erasmus (II)
Posts: 2,426
Kudos: 1,509
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
rakeshmishra5690
Ans C

Below is my reasoning.

Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843; a source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars.


A. Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843; a source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars. wrong because after semi colon, we need a clause

B. Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843, which is a source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars. wrong because which incorrectly modifies 1843

C. A source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843 and relied upon for its rich soil and tourist dollars. correct- opening modifier correctly modifying Mauna Loa. Perfect parallel structure is used.

D. A source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars, Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843. wrong - awkward constriction. who can be used only for people

E. A source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on the volcano’s rich soil and tourist dollars, Mauna Loa, an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843. wrong - missing main verb

While you are right, 'residents' are type of people and therefore 'who' is correct.
User avatar
jackspire
Joined: 22 Sep 2017
Last visit: 10 Apr 2020
Posts: 124
Own Kudos:
37
 [1]
Given Kudos: 97
Posts: 124
Kudos: 37
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
abhinav2892
Hi jackspire , I agree that the 2nd part of C has a problem but in A , "who" modifies Hawai instead of the residents of hawai , that I believe would lead to the elimination of A

Thank You , COrrect me if I am wrong

No abhinav, the word "who" is correctly modifying the residents(Relative pronouns ignore any kind of prepositions; here who is correctly referring to "the residents". After residents the part "on the big island of Hawaii" is just a prepositional string), but the part after the semicolon in this sentence is just a modifier. A semicolon is used in between two independent clauses. So A is wrong.

Now I got why A is wrong.
Thanks to the posts from experts.
Hope, I clarified.
And thanks for your reply.
User avatar
SSM700plus
Joined: 01 Aug 2017
Last visit: 08 Aug 2022
Posts: 164
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 420
Location: India
Concentration: General Management, Leadership
GMAT 1: 500 Q47 V15
GPA: 3.4
WE:Information Technology (Computer Software)
Products:
GMAT 1: 500 Q47 V15
Posts: 164
Kudos: 199
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Bunuel
Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843; a source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars.


A. Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843; a source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars.

B. Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843, which is a source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars.

C. A source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843 and relied upon for its rich soil and tourist dollars.

D. A source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars, Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843.

E. A source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on the volcano’s rich soil and tourist dollars, Mauna Loa, an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843.

Let's read the original sentence for some time. Because whole sentence is underlined. So it is very important to understand the correct intended meaning.

It states Mauna Loa is volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843. This is absolutely correct. No error.
It also states that "volcano is an active and sometimes dangerous" in nature. Perfect. It only describes volcano.
a source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii - This sentence is also describing Volcano.
who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars - This is describing about residents.

No let's see the sentence structure :-
Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843; There is no error in this part of sentence.
a source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars. - Here we have Verb error. Actually there is no verb in IC (Independent Clause).
Note that "who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars" is placed correctly. It is not placed close to "residents" because "on the Big Island of Hawaii" should be placed next to it in order to make sense with subjects.

Now let's move on to Process of elimination.

A - is incorrect fot the reason mentioned above.
B - is incorrect because "a source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii" is placed little far away. We need better construction which is closer to "Mauna Loa".
C - It alters the meaning by stating that "Mauna Loa is relied upon for its rich soil and tourist dollars". it doesn't make sense.
D - Is much better of all the options.
E - it is completely wrong. there is no main verb in the sentence.

Ans -D
User avatar
tejyr
Joined: 26 Dec 2017
Last visit: 24 Dec 2021
Posts: 111
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 109
Products:
Posts: 111
Kudos: 95
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Bunuel
Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843; a source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars.


A. Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843; a source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars.

B. Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843, which is a source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars.

C. A source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843 and relied upon for its rich soil and tourist dollars.

D. A source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars, Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843.

E. A source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on the volcano’s rich soil and tourist dollars, Mauna Loa, an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843.
It's testing modifier and meaning knowledge.
Modifier manau la should be placed appropriately and we need to infer it's refer to manau la and not to volcano.
D is only correct.

Posted from my mobile device
avatar
Sashita
Joined: 27 Jul 2016
Last visit: 13 Jul 2018
Posts: 8
Given Kudos: 23
Posts: 8
Kudos: 0
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
daagh
A. Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843; a source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars. -- Second part after the semicolon is a fragment.

B. Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843, which is a source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollar -- The relative pronoun 'which' cannot refer to the distant noun volcano overriding the verb has erupted.


C. A source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843 and relied upon for its rich soil and tourist dollars.-- Mauna Loa did not rely on its rich soil or the dollars. The residents depended upon them.

D. A source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars, Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843-- correct

E. A source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on the volcano’s rich soil and tourist dollars, Mauna Loa, an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843. -- This is a blatant fragment.

Hi daagh,
regarding D,
"A source of pride..." and "who rely.." are two modifiers. "who rely" modifies the residents in "A source of pride".
Doesn't "who rely" make "A source of pride" a too far away modifier (dandling modifier)?
I thought that the sentences with 2 consecutive modifiers are incorrect because the remote modifier becomes "a dandling modifier". Or is this rule - about 2 consecutive modifiers - only applicable if both modifiers modify the same entity, making one of the modifiers remote/dandling?
User avatar
Bunuel
User avatar
Math Expert
Joined: 02 Sep 2009
Last visit: 01 May 2026
Posts: 109,990
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 105,967
Products:
Expert
Expert reply
Active GMAT Club Expert! Tag them with @ followed by their username for a faster response.
Posts: 109,990
Kudos: 812,227
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Bunuel
Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843; a source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars.


A. Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843; a source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars.

B. Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843, which is a source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars.

C. A source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843 and relied upon for its rich soil and tourist dollars.

D. A source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars, Mauna Loa is an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843.

E. A source of pride for the residents on the Big Island of Hawaii, who rely on the volcano’s rich soil and tourist dollars, Mauna Loa, an active and sometimes dangerous volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843.

VERITAS PREP OFFICIAL SOLUTION:



With so much underlined and so many decision points, try to find something concrete to start with. After a quick look at answer choices, you see that the problem is primarily testing sentence construction (how the different elements are linked) and modifiers.

Answer choice (A) contains a fairly easy-to-spot error with the semi-colon: the portion following the semi-colon is not an independent clause, so it can be eliminated. (B) contains a “which” modifying clause, so look to see if it is used properly: the “which” clause has no noun close by to logically modify (it is supposed to be modifying Mauna Loa) so it too can be eliminated. (C) contains a sentence construction error at the end of the sentence: you cannot say “a volcano that has erupted…and relied upon.” It would need to be “a volcano that has erupted and is relied upon…” but even that is awkward as it is unclear who is relying on it with that structure.

(D) is correct: the appositive modifier “A source of pride…” properly modifies “Mauna Loa”, the main subject of the sentence. The modifier “who rely on its rich soil and tourist dollars” is properly giving extra information about the residents on the Big Island and can removed to look at the overall structure. (E) is incorrect as there is no main verb in the sentence – Mauna Loa lacks a verb after it. The correct answer is (D).
User avatar
daagh
User avatar
Major Poster
Joined: 19 Feb 2007
Last visit: 16 Oct 2020
Posts: 5,262
Own Kudos:
42,466
 [1]
Given Kudos: 422
Status: enjoying
Location: India
WE:Education (Education)
Expert
Expert reply
Posts: 5,262
Kudos: 42,466
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Sashita

After all, a modifier's sole job is to modify or describe something. Per se, a modifier can modify either a noun or another modifier or a noun within another modifier. Such nested modifiers are legal. When there is more than one modifier or a bunch of stacked modifiers, you may appreciate only one of them is going to be near the noun. It all depends upon the context whether all of the modifiers modify the same noun or a different entity. As such, there may not be a hard and fast formula about this.
As long as some entity is available for the modifier to fall back on within the given sentence, we may not reckon them as dangling. Dangling occurs only when there is altogether nothing for the modifier to modify meaningfully and thus we are forced to bring in an appropriately modified entity to complete the meaning
avatar
Sashita
Joined: 27 Jul 2016
Last visit: 13 Jul 2018
Posts: 8
Given Kudos: 23
Posts: 8
Kudos: 0
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
daagh
Sashita

After all, a modifier's sole job is to modify or describe something. Per say a modifier can modify either a noun or another modifier or a noun within another modifier. Such nested modifiers are legal. When there is more than one modifier or a bunch of stacked modifiers, you may appreciate only one of them is going to be near the noun. It all depends upon the context whether all of the modifiers modify the same noun or a different entity. As such, there may not be a hard and fast formula about this.
As long as some entity is available for the modifier to fall back on within the given sentence, we may not reckon them as dangling. Dangling occurs only when there is altogether nothing for the modifier to modify meaningfully and thus we are forced to bring in an appropriately modified entity to complete the meaning

thank you. Kudos!
User avatar
ageesanshul786
Joined: 11 Jan 2019
Last visit: 22 Dec 2023
Posts: 33
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 63
Posts: 33
Kudos: 7
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
In the option D:
is there any ambiguity in pronoun reference, as "its" might refer to the island or the volcano?
User avatar
VerbalBot
User avatar
Non-Human User
Joined: 01 Oct 2013
Last visit: 04 Jan 2021
Posts: 19,432
Own Kudos:
Posts: 19,432
Kudos: 1,010
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Automated notice from GMAT Club VerbalBot:

A member just gave Kudos to this thread, showing it’s still useful. I’ve bumped it to the top so more people can benefit. Feel free to add your own questions or solutions.

This post was generated automatically.
Moderators:
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
7391 posts
513 posts
363 posts