Last visit was: 19 Nov 2025, 03:00 It is currently 19 Nov 2025, 03:00
Home
GMAT
Messages
Tests
Schools
Events
Rewards
Chat
My Profile
Close
GMAT Club Daily Prep
Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email.

Customized
for You

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History

Track
Your Progress

every week, we’ll send you an estimated GMAT score based on your performance

Practice
Pays

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History
Not interested in getting valuable practice questions and articles delivered to your email? No problem, unsubscribe here.
Go to My Error Log Learn more
Close
Request Expert Reply
Confirm Cancel
Back to Forum
Create Topic
   1   2 
505-555 Level|   Modifiers|      
User avatar
AndyNeedsGMAT
User avatar
Joined: 11 Oct 2012
Last visit: 26 Nov 2020
Posts: 28
Own Kudos:
25
 [3]
Given Kudos: 74
GMAT 1: 610 Q42 V32
Products:
My Reviews
GMAT 1: 610 Q42 V32
Posts: 28
Kudos: 25
 [3]
New SC project - ask a question, get explanation and a kudo! 24 Jun 2014, 00:20
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
2
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
souvik101990
A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.

(A) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump
(B) reduced the phosphate amount that municipalities had been dumping
(C) reduces the phosphate amount municipalities have been allowed to dump
(D) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump
(E) reduces the amount of phosphates allowed for dumping by municipalities

Really, REALLY great question. Here are my thoughts on the cruz of the question.

Fact The 1972 agreement reduced the amount of phosphate allowed to dump.

Now, since the agreement is in the past, I cannot use a present tense verb. So "reduces" does not work at all. Eliminate C and E.

Now let's think about tenses.
If I use past perfect, what does it mean really? It means that the agreement reduced something that happened before the passage of the agreement. SO I cannot use the perfect past tense. Eliminate A and B.

D is the correct answer
Show more



Just in case if option (d) had : "reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities were allowed to dump" - would that have fitted better ?
User avatar
sameer_kalra
User avatar
Joined: 22 Mar 2014
Last visit: 01 Oct 2014
Posts: 21
Own Kudos:
91
 [2]
Given Kudos: 21
Posts: 21
Kudos: 91
 [2]
New SC project - ask a question, get explanation and a kudo! 24 Jun 2014, 01:21
2
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
ani781
souvik101990
The huge earthquake that occurred in Chile in 1960, had a magnitude of 9.5, believed to be the largest earthquake the world has ever seen.

(A) believed to be
(B) and that is believed to be
(C) and it is believed to have been
(D) which was, it is believed,
(E) which is believed to be

A) Sentence fragment.
B) Sentence fragment.
C) Correct.
D) which was - it is believed, - Wrong verb tense. VERY awkward construction.
E) "Which" needs to touch the noun that it modifies.


Why is B a Sentence fragment ? Is it because this starts with a THAT and can't stand on it's own ?
Show more


YES. B has no direct reference to a Noun or a Pronoun.
Whereas using IT rather than THAT solves this problem.

-Sameer
press kudos if it helped :)
User avatar
sameer_kalra
User avatar
Joined: 22 Mar 2014
Last visit: 01 Oct 2014
Posts: 21
Own Kudos:
91
 [1]
Given Kudos: 21
Posts: 21
Kudos: 91
 [1]
New SC project - ask a question, get explanation and a kudo! 24 Jun 2014, 01:24
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
ani781
souvik101990
A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.

(A) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump
(B) reduced the phosphate amount that municipalities had been dumping
(C) reduces the phosphate amount municipalities have been allowed to dump
(D) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump
(E) reduces the amount of phosphates allowed for dumping by municipalities

Really, REALLY great question. Here are my thoughts on the cruz of the question.

Fact The 1972 agreement reduced the amount of phosphate allowed to dump.

Now, since the agreement is in the past, I cannot use a present tense verb. So "reduces" does not work at all. Eliminate C and E.

Now let's think about tenses.
If I use past perfect, what does it mean really? It means that the agreement reduced something that happened before the passage of the agreement. SO I cannot use the perfect past tense. Eliminate A and B.

D is the correct answer



Just in case if option (d) had : "reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities were allowed to dump" - would that have fitted better ?
Show more

Well, I agree with you. If we use "were allowed", it removes the confusion from the sentence.

-Sameer
press kudos if it helped :)
User avatar
sameer_kalra
User avatar
Joined: 22 Mar 2014
Last visit: 01 Oct 2014
Posts: 21
Own Kudos:
91
 [1]
Given Kudos: 21
Posts: 21
Kudos: 91
 [1]
New SC project - ask a question, get explanation and a kudo! 04 Jul 2014, 03:56
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
ani781
souvik101990
The huge earthquake that occurred in Chile in 1960, had a magnitude of 9.5, believed to be the largest earthquake the world has ever seen.

(A) believed to be
(B) and that is believed to be
(C) and it is believed to have been
(D) which was, it is believed,
(E) which is believed to be

A) Sentence fragment.
B) Sentence fragment.
C) Correct.
D) which was - it is believed, - Wrong verb tense. VERY awkward construction.
E) "Which" needs to touch the noun that it modifies.


Why is B a Sentence fragment ? Is it because this starts with a THAT and can't stand on it's own ?
Show more

Detailed analysis of the same question:

The huge earthquake that occurred in Chile in 1960, had a magnitude of 9.5, believed to be the largest earthquake the world has ever seen.

Subject "The huge earthquake" is modified by " that occurred in Chile in 1960" and has verb "had a magnitude of 9.5".

a) "believed to be the largest earthquake the world has ever seen" logically needs to refer to "The huge earthquake" but is far away from the phrase and is confusing. Repeating subject in the last part of the sentence would solve this problem.
b) Using "That" as a subordinate conjunction would be good idea but here connected by AND "that" is paying a role of pronoun with no clear reference.
c) "it" solves all the problems

d) and e) - Which always refers to the phrase touching it, thus not correct here.

Regards
Sameer
-Press kudos if this post helped
avatar
gmathcmc
avatar
Joined: 21 May 2015
Last visit: 30 Jul 2016
Posts: 8
Own Kudos:
5
Location: United States
WE:Brand Management (Consumer Packaged Goods)
Products:
My Reviews
Posts: 8
Kudos: 5
New SC project - ask a question, get explanation and a kudo! 17 Sep 2015, 06:07
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Choice E is correct Because " Date at " is correct idiom.
User avatar
rohan89
User avatar
Joined: 15 Feb 2015
Last visit: 08 Feb 2017
Posts: 78
Own Kudos:
55
Given Kudos: 100
Posts: 78
Kudos: 55
New SC project - ask a question, get explanation and a kudo! 17 Sep 2015, 21:29
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
souvik101990
gauravkaushik8591
The legal system of Kyrgyzstan after acquiring independence from the Soviet bloc includes features not only of the Russian legal system but also the French legal system.

(A). The legal system of Kyrgyzstan after acquiring independence from the Soviet bloc includes features not only of the Russian legal system but also the French legal system

(B). The legal system of Kyrgyzstan after acquiring independence from the Soviet bloc includes features not only of the Russian legal system but of also the French legal system

(C). After acquiring independence from the Soviet bloc, the legal system of Kyrgyzstan includes features not only of the Russian legal system but also of the French legal system

(D). After acquiring independence from the Soviet bloc, the legal system of Kyrgyzstan includes features of not only the Russian legal system but also of the French legal system

(E). After acquiring independence from the Soviet bloc, Kyrgyzstan has a legal system that includes features not only of the Russian legal system but also of the French

Yet another thread in which people haven't yet come up with a satisfactory explanation.
one-question-a-day-q-9-sc-169252.html

PS - I'm not bombarding you with questions for kudos but you could post an expert explanation on the forum and help the crowd. : )

This has bad OA. I would avoid it. Here are my thoughts.

(A). The legal system of Kyrgyzstan after acquiring independence from the Soviet bloc includes features not only of the Russian legal system but also the French legal system Not only... and but also... are not parallel

(B). The legal system of Kyrgyzstan after acquiring independence from the Soviet bloc includes features not only of the Russian legal system but of also the French legal system The legal system did not acquire independence. Also same error persists for Not only and but also

(C). After acquiring independence from the Soviet bloc, the legal system of Kyrgyzstan includes features not only of the Russian legal system but also of the French legal system The legal system did not acquire independence.

(D). After acquiring independence from the Soviet bloc, the legal system of Kyrgyzstan includes features of not only the Russian legal system but also of the French legal system Same errors

(E). After acquiring independence from the Soviet bloc, Kyrgyzstan has a legal system that includes features not only of the Russian legal system but also of the French
I would pick this one as the answer. Russian legal system does not seem parallel to French, but it's a permissible ellipses.
Show more




I was able to pick answer "E" in under a minute. What I analyzed is-
options A and B are missing 'of' which make them defaulters.
In options C and D, 'Legal system' is redundant. You don't need the Legal system after French. IMO

Would this be a viable explanation?
User avatar
unebaguette
User avatar
Joined: 06 Feb 2019
Last visit: 15 Oct 2019
Posts: 12
Own Kudos:
1
Given Kudos: 4
Posts: 12
Kudos: 1
New SC project - ask a question, get explanation and a kudo! 07 Jun 2019, 03:52
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Presently the East African country is focussed on privatization of state-owned enterprises, expansion of democracy and political freedom, and de-escalation of interethnic conflicts and ousting corruption.

" , and" before de-escalation shows end of the list, and hence, end of the parallel element.
Thus, underline words should be in parallel while "ousting corruption" need not be. However, "ousting corruption" is still another issue East African country is focused ON. As a rule of grammar, the preposition should be repeated before ousting corruption to avoid any confusion.

Now let us analyse various options:

(A) Privatization, expansion, and de-escalation are in parallel no preposition before ousting corruption

(B) same as (A)

(C) correct usage

(D) Prefer Verb > Adjective > Noun , if everything else is similar in two options (here C and D). Prefer direct usage "ousting corruption" over noun form "on ousting of corruption" which is awkward.

Privatization, expansion, and de-escalation are in parallel usage "on ousting of corruption" is inferior to - "ousting corruption"

(E)Privatization, expanding , and de-escalation are not in parallel... and no preposition before ousting corruption


-Sameer

Press kudos if it helped :)[/quote]


But they say the correct answer is B though- C is wrong because "The ‘and’ after freedom is unparallel"
User avatar
thangvietnam
User avatar
Joined: 29 Jun 2017
Last visit: 09 Mar 2023
Posts: 768
Own Kudos:
418
Given Kudos: 2,198
Posts: 768
Kudos: 418
New SC project - ask a question, get explanation and a kudo! 18 Jul 2019, 04:24
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
gauravkaushik8591
The legal system of Kyrgyzstan after acquiring independence from the Soviet bloc includes features not only of the Russian legal system but also the French legal system.

(A). The legal system of Kyrgyzstan after acquiring independence from the Soviet bloc includes features not only of the Russian legal system but also the French legal system

(B). The legal system of Kyrgyzstan after acquiring independence from the Soviet bloc includes features not only of the Russian legal system but of also the French legal system

(C). After acquiring independence from the Soviet bloc, the legal system of Kyrgyzstan includes features not only of the Russian legal system but also of the French legal system

(D). After acquiring independence from the Soviet bloc, the legal system of Kyrgyzstan includes features of not only the Russian legal system but also of the French legal system

(E). After acquiring independence from the Soviet bloc, Kyrgyzstan has a legal system that includes features not only of the Russian legal system but also of the French

Yet another thread in which people haven't yet come up with a satisfactory explanation.
https://gmatclub.com/forum/one-question- ... 69252.html

PS - I'm not bombarding you with questions for kudos but you could post an expert explanation on the forum and help the crowd. : )
Show more


choice e is oa.
preposition+doing such as after accquiring can refers to the subject/agent of the main clause. but it can refer to general action not to any noun/agent if there is no noun/agent. the following is an example (from gmatprep)

In order to evenly and effectively paint a rough surface, it is necessary to sand it and apply primer before applying the paint.


A. it and apply primer before applying the paint

B. it and prime it and paint it

C. it, then prime it, then paint it

D. the surface and apply primer before you apply paint to the surface

E. the surface, apply primer to the surface and then paint it
User avatar
heyrohit
User avatar
Current Student
Joined: 23 Apr 2019
Last visit: 23 Jan 2022
Posts: 36
Own Kudos:
17
Given Kudos: 111
Location: India
Concentration: Entrepreneurship, Technology
Schools: Wharton '22 ISB'22 Haas '22 Tepper '22 Wharton Berkeley Haas (A)
GMAT 1: 650 Q50 V28
GMAT 2: 690 Q50 V33
GMAT 3: 670 Q48 V34
GPA: 3.92
Schools: Wharton '22 ISB'22 Haas '22 Tepper '22 Wharton Berkeley Haas (A)
GMAT 3: 670 Q48 V34
Posts: 36
Kudos: 17
New SC project - ask a question, get explanation and a kudo! 11 Aug 2021, 13:33
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
This question should not show up in GMATCLUB quiz. @banuel
User avatar
VerbalBot
User avatar
Non-Human User
Joined: 01 Oct 2013
Last visit: 04 Jan 2021
Posts: 18,832
Own Kudos:
986
Posts: 18,832
Kudos: 986
New SC project - ask a question, get explanation and a kudo! 22 Jan 2023, 05:04
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Hello from the GMAT Club VerbalBot!

Thanks to another GMAT Club member, I have just discovered this valuable topic, yet it had no discussion for over a year. I am now bumping it up - doing my job. I think you may find it valuable (esp those replies with Kudos).

Want to see all other topics I dig out? Follow me (click follow button on profile). You will receive a summary of all topics I bump in your profile area as well as via email.
   1   2 
Moderators:
GMATNinja
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
7445 posts
GMATNinjaTwo
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
234 posts
miag
188 posts