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805+ Level|   Overlapping Sets|               
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Of three persons, two take relish, two take pepper, and two take salt. The one who takes no salt takes no pepper, and the one who takes no pepper takes no relish. Which of the following statements must be true?



Let the three people be A, B, and C
S = Takes salt
S = No salt

P = Takes Pepper
P = No Pepper

R = takes relish
R = No relish

The question says "The one who takes no salt takes no pepper, and the one who takes no pepper takes no relish."
So, assume C does not take salt and consequently does not take pepper.
So, C = S and P
Because S = P
The question also says that
P = R
So, S = P = R
Essentially, C = S + P + R that is C doesn't take any of the three things.
So, A = P+S+R
B = P+S+R
That is A and B take all the three items.

I. The person who takes no salt also takes no relish.
Yes, true. C doesn't take relish.

II. Any of the three persons who takes pepper also takes relish and salt.
Yes, true. A and B take all of the three.

III. The person who takes no relish is not one of those who takes salt.
Yes, true. C does not take salt.

If you understand that
A = P+S+R
B = P+S+R
C = P+S+R
Only then will you be able to answer the question correctly.
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harvey1994
AnthonyRitz

Hey Harvey! Do you have a specific question on this one?

It's a very unique problem. While it can be done as a Venn Diagram, I think it works best as a weird sort of formal logic thing for which a sort of ad hoc table setup is preferable. Many people here have already drawn such tables, but let me show the process of filling the table in.

Quote:
Of three persons... two take salt.

Imagine that the three persons are A, B, and C, and imagine that A and B are the two that take salt:

. Salt? Pepper? Relish?
A Yes
B Yes
C No

Quote:
The one who takes no salt takes no pepper

. Salt? Pepper? Relish?
A Yes
B Yes
C No ... No

Quote:
two take pepper

. Salt? Pepper? Relish?
A Yes ... Yes
B Yes ... Yes
C No ... No

Quote:
the one who takes no pepper takes no relish

. Salt? Pepper? Relish?
A Yes ... Yes
B Yes ... Yes
C No ... No ... No

Quote:
two take relish

. Salt? Pepper? Relish?
A Yes ... Yes ... Yes
B Yes ... Yes ... Yes
C No ... No ... No


From here, we can answer any question.

Quote:
I. The person who takes no salt also takes no relish.
TRUE (person C)
Quote:
II. Any of the three persons who takes pepper also takes relish and salt.
TRUE (persons A and B)
Quote:
III. The person who takes no relish is not one of those who takes salt.
TRUE (person C)

So it's E.

I hope this helps!
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It is said that
1) ~S => ~P
2) ~P => ~R
These two logic statements can be rewriten like this:
3) (~S => ~P) <=> (P => S)
4) (~P => ~R) <=> (R => P)

3 and 4 combined are R=> P => S
So, if someone get R, it will also get P and S. Since there are 2 R's, 2P's and 2 S's, we can conclude that 2 people get R,P,S, and 1 get nothing:
5) R=>P=>S=>R
6) ~R=>~P=>~S=>~R

Lets look to the alternatives:

I. ~S => ~R (ok, from (1) or (6))
II. (P => R) & (P => S) (ok, from (3) and (5))
III. ~R => ~S (ok, from (6))
E)
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Not take: o
Take: x      

From the given, it can only be this case

            R         P          S­
        o         o          o
        x         x          x
C          x         x          x

Then all 3 statements are true 
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Thanks for the explanation. I got clarity now
manishcmu
When one who takes no salt takes no pepper, we can imagine fig A (pepper within salt). We just don't know whether pepper circle falls exactly over salt circle or whether pepper circle is inside salt circle.
Similarly, for pepper and relish.Since the question says - Of three persons, two take relish, two take pepper, and two take salt . All three circles must fall on each other exactly (fig B) with 2 people inside these three circles and 1 person outside all three circles. I, II, III are deducible from this.
   1   2 
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