1. A good title for this passage would be
A. The Life and Work of Neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield
B. The Physical Organization of Memory in the Human Brain
C. The Cognitive Functions of the Temporal Lobes
D. Historical Progress in the Search for an Epilepsy Cure
E. Where Are Childhood Memories Located in the Brain?
Throughout the passage, we are mainly concerned about the memory organization in the human brain. An experiment is discussed. One of its wrongly assumed conclusions is debunked. An alternative theory is also mentioned which does not hold good. Finally, the actual organization of memory is discussed. Thus, a good title for the passage encompassing the aforementioned must be "The Physical Organization of Memory in Human Brain".2. Which of the following is mentioned in Paragraph 2 with regard to the neural systems of memory?
A. A specific brain structure cannot be involved in more than one aspect of memory.
B. The same neural system is primarily involved in both emotional memory and semantic memory.
C. The lower parts of the brain play a critical role in memory processes.
D. There is a specific brain region that stores the memory of last nights dinner.
E. Epilepsy will affect the storage and retrieval of memories.
The temporal lobes form the lower parts of the brain(as mentioned in para 1). In paragraph two, it is vividly stated that the temporal lobes play a critical role in memory processes. Thus, option (C) is the correct answer.
Option (A) is opposite of what is stated in the passage as structures can share information and, thus, are involved in different aspects of memory.
Option (B) is again opposite of what is stated in the passage. The passage states that one neural system can be primarily involved with one type of memory, not mroe than one types of memory. It have, however, have a smaller role to play in other types of memories.
Option (D) states what is mentioned to be one of the wrongly assumed conclusions from the learnings of passage 1.
(E) is out of scope of the passage.3. When the author talks about a “unitary superstructure,” (Highlighted) he is referring to
A. the brain as a whole
B. a theory of memory organization preferred by most scientists
C. the cortex of the brain
D. a specific brain region in which all memories are stored
E. the sum of all memory processes, such as encoding, retrieval, and consolidation
This is a good inference question because the answer is not explicitly stated in the passage. We must read the information, connect the dots and arrive at the correct answer.
Carefully sifting through the second paragraph will give you an idea about what the author is referring to. He says that different sites in the brain for different memories is incorrect conclusion. Also, memory stored in a unitary superstructure is incorrect information. This unitary superstructure refers to the lower parts of the brain - one subpart of the brain where all infromation MAY be stored. Notice that this sentence is immediately followed by 'although' which means that the direction of the discussion will be changed from the following sentence. The following sentence says that "although temporal lobes play a critical role..." - this means that unitary superstructures mean the temporal lobes.4. All of the following are mentioned in Paragraph 1 as part of the surgical procedure Penfield performed on his patients EXCEPT
A. Penfield stimulated different points in his patients' temporal lobes.
B. Penfield's epileptic patients were not totally anesthetized during the surgery.
C. The patients' brains were given small electric shocks during surgery.
D. Penfield removed the pieces of tissue responsible for inducing seizures in his patients.
E. The patients' skulls were wide open throughout the surgery.
All of these options are stated in the first paragraph except option (D). Option D is stated as something that Penfield had thought of performing but nowhere has it been stated whether it was actually performed. According to me, D is the correct option.
_________________
“If you are not moving forward, you are moving backward.”