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One proposal for preserving rain forests is to promote the adoption of
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Updated on: 31 May 2024, 03:34
Updated on: 31 May 2024, 03:34
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Question 1
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E
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45%
(medium)
based on 5172 sessions
57% (02:59) correct
43%
(02:59) wrong
Question 2
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A
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C
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E
Difficulty:
5%
(low)
based on 5042 sessions
89% (00:43) correct 11%
(00:54) wrong
Question 3
00:00
A
B
C
D
E
Difficulty:
45%
(medium)
based on 4780 sessions
69% (02:24) correct 31%
(02:34) wrong
Question 4
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Difficulty:
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(02:04) wrong One proposal for preserving rain forests is to promote the adoption of new agricultural technologies, such as improved plant varieties and use of chemical herbicides, which would increase productivity and slow deforestation by reducing demand for new cropland. Studies have shown that farmers in developing countries who have achieved certain levels of education, wealth, and security of land tenure are more likely to adopt such technologies. But these studies have focused on villages with limited land that are tied to a market economy rather than on the relatively isolated, self-sufficient communities with ample land characteristic of rain-forest regions. A recent study of the Tawahka people of the Honduran rain forest found that farmers with some formal education were more likely to adopt improved plant varieties but less likely to use chemical herbicides and that those who spoke Spanish (the language of the market economy) were more likely to adopt both technologies. Non-land wealth was also associated with more adoption of both technologies, but availability of uncultivated land reduced the incentive to employ the productivity-enhancing technologies. Researchers also measured land-tenure security: in Tawahka society, kinship ties are a more important indicator of this than are legal property rights, so researchers measured it by a household’s duration of residence in its village. They found that longer residence correlated with more adoption of improved plant varieties but less adoption of chemical herbicides.
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) evaluate the likelihood that a particular proposal, if implemented, would ultimately succeed in achieving its intended result
(B) question the assumption that certain technological innovations are the most effective means of realizing a particular environmental objective
(C) discuss the progress of efforts to encourage a particular traditional society to adopt certain modern agricultural methods
(D) present the results of new research suggesting that previous findings concerning one set of conditions may not be generalizable to another set of conditions
(E) weigh the relative importance of three factors in determining whether a particular strategy will be successful
2. According to the passage, the proposal mentioned in line 1 is aimed at preserving rain forests by encouraging farmers in rain-forest regions to do each of the following EXCEPT
(A) adopt new agricultural technologies
(B) grow improved plant varieties
(C) decrease their use of chemical herbicides
(D) increase their productivity
(E) reduce their need to clear new land for cultivation
3. The passage suggests that in the study mentioned in line 27 the method for gathering information about security of land tenure reflects which of the following pairs of assumptions about Tawahka society?
(A) The security of a household’s land tenure depends on the strength of that household’s kinship ties, and the duration of a household’s residence in its village is an indication of the strength of that household’s kinship ties.
(B) The ample availability of land makes security of land tenure unimportant, and the lack of a need for secure land tenure has made the concept of legal property rights unnecessary.
(C) The strength of a household’s kinship ties is a more reliable indicator of that household’s receptivity to new agricultural technologies than is its quantity of non land wealth, and the duration of a household’s residence in its village is a more reliable indicator of that household’s security of land tenure than is the strength of its kinship ties.
(D) Security of land tenure based on kinship ties tends to make farmers more receptive to the use of improved plant varieties, and security of land tenure based on long duration of residence in a village tends to make farmers more receptive to the use of chemical herbicides.
(E) A household is more likely to be receptive to the concept of land tenure based on legal property rights if it has easy access to uncultivated land, and a household is more likely to uphold the tradition of land tenure based on kinship ties if it possesses a significant degree of non-land wealth.
4. The findings of the study mentioned in the highlighted text, if valid for rain-forest regions in general, suggest that which of the following is an obstacle most likely to be faced by those wishing to promote rain-forest preservation by implementing the proposal mentioned in line 1?
(A) Lack of legal property rights tends to discourage local farmers from investing the time and resources required to successfully implement new agricultural technologies.
(B) The ability to evaluate the wider economic ramifications of adopting new agricultural technologies depends on a relatively high level of formal education.
(C) Isolation from the market economy tends to restrict local farmers’ access to new agricultural technologies that could help them to increase their productivity.
(D) Ready availability of uncultivated land tends to decrease local farmers’ incentive to adopt new agricultural technologies that would reduce their need to clear new land for cultivation.
(E) Traditions of self-sufficiency and reliance on kinship ties tend to diminish local farmers’ receptivity to new agricultural technologies introduced by people from outside the local community
(A) evaluate the likelihood that a particular proposal, if implemented, would ultimately succeed in achieving its intended result
(B) question the assumption that certain technological innovations are the most effective means of realizing a particular environmental objective
(C) discuss the progress of efforts to encourage a particular traditional society to adopt certain modern agricultural methods
(D) present the results of new research suggesting that previous findings concerning one set of conditions may not be generalizable to another set of conditions
(E) weigh the relative importance of three factors in determining whether a particular strategy will be successful
2. According to the passage, the proposal mentioned in line 1 is aimed at preserving rain forests by encouraging farmers in rain-forest regions to do each of the following EXCEPT
(A) adopt new agricultural technologies
(B) grow improved plant varieties
(C) decrease their use of chemical herbicides
(D) increase their productivity
(E) reduce their need to clear new land for cultivation
3. The passage suggests that in the study mentioned in line 27 the method for gathering information about security of land tenure reflects which of the following pairs of assumptions about Tawahka society?
(A) The security of a household’s land tenure depends on the strength of that household’s kinship ties, and the duration of a household’s residence in its village is an indication of the strength of that household’s kinship ties.
(B) The ample availability of land makes security of land tenure unimportant, and the lack of a need for secure land tenure has made the concept of legal property rights unnecessary.
(C) The strength of a household’s kinship ties is a more reliable indicator of that household’s receptivity to new agricultural technologies than is its quantity of non land wealth, and the duration of a household’s residence in its village is a more reliable indicator of that household’s security of land tenure than is the strength of its kinship ties.
(D) Security of land tenure based on kinship ties tends to make farmers more receptive to the use of improved plant varieties, and security of land tenure based on long duration of residence in a village tends to make farmers more receptive to the use of chemical herbicides.
(E) A household is more likely to be receptive to the concept of land tenure based on legal property rights if it has easy access to uncultivated land, and a household is more likely to uphold the tradition of land tenure based on kinship ties if it possesses a significant degree of non-land wealth.
4. The findings of the study mentioned in the highlighted text, if valid for rain-forest regions in general, suggest that which of the following is an obstacle most likely to be faced by those wishing to promote rain-forest preservation by implementing the proposal mentioned in line 1?
(A) Lack of legal property rights tends to discourage local farmers from investing the time and resources required to successfully implement new agricultural technologies.
(B) The ability to evaluate the wider economic ramifications of adopting new agricultural technologies depends on a relatively high level of formal education.
(C) Isolation from the market economy tends to restrict local farmers’ access to new agricultural technologies that could help them to increase their productivity.
(D) Ready availability of uncultivated land tends to decrease local farmers’ incentive to adopt new agricultural technologies that would reduce their need to clear new land for cultivation.
(E) Traditions of self-sufficiency and reliance on kinship ties tend to diminish local farmers’ receptivity to new agricultural technologies introduced by people from outside the local community
Originally posted by Sajjad1994 on 30 Mar 2013, 06:14.
Last edited by Bunuel on 31 May 2024, 03:34, edited 3 times in total.
Last edited by Bunuel on 31 May 2024, 03:34, edited 3 times in total.
Re: One proposal for preserving rain forests is to promote the adoption of
[#permalink]
Updated on: 30 Aug 2019, 04:28
Updated on: 30 Aug 2019, 04:28
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One proposal for preserving rain forests is to promote the adoption of new agricultural technologies, such as improved plant varieties and use of chemical herbicides, which would increase productivity and slow deforestation by reducing demand for new cropland. Studies have shown that farmers in developing countries who have achieved certain levels of education, wealth, and security of land tenure are more likely to adopt such technologies. But these studies have focused on villages with limited land that are tied to a market economy rather than on the relatively isolated, self‐sufficient communities with ample land characteristic of rain-forest regions. A recent study of the Tawahka people of the Honduran rain forest found that farmers with some formal education were more likely to adopt improved plant varieties but less likely to use chemical herbicides and that those who spoke Spanish (the language of the market economy) were more likely to adopt both technologies. Nonland wealth was also associated with more adoption of both technologies, but availability of uncultivated land reduced the incentive to employ the productivity‐enhancing technologies. Researchers also measured land-tenure security: in Tawahka society, kinship ties are a more important indicator of this than are legal property rights, so researchers measured it by a household’s duration of residence in its village. They found that longer residence correlated with more adoption of improved plant varieties but less adoption of chemical herbicides.
1. The passage suggests that in the study mentioned for gathering information about security of land tenure reflects which of the following pairs of assumptions about Tawahka society?
A. The security of a household's land tenure depends on the strength of that household's kinship ties, and the duration of a household's residence in its village is an indication of the strength of that household's kinship ties.
B. The ample availability of land makes security of land tenure unimportant, and the lack of a need for secure land tenure has made the concept of legal property rights unnecessary.
C. The strength of a household's kinship ties is a more reliable indicator of that household's receptivity to new agricultural technologies than is its quantity of nonland wealth, and the duration of a household's residence in its village is a more reliable indicator of that household's security of land tenure than is the strength of its kinship ties.
D. Security of land tenure based on kinship ties tends to make farmers more receptive to the use of improved plant varieties, and security of land tenure based on long duration of residence in a village tends to make farmers more receptive to the use of chemical herbicides.
E. A household is more likely to be receptive to the concept of land tenure based on legal property rights if it has easy access to uncultivated land, and a household is more likely to uphold the tradition of land tenure based on kinship ties if it possesses a significant degree of nonland wealth.
2. According to the passage, the proposal mentioned is aimed at preserving rain forests by encouraging farmers in rain-forest regions to do each of the following EXCEPT
A. adopt new agricultural technologies
B. grow improved plant varieties
C. decrease their use of chemical herbicides
D. increase their productivity
E. reduce their need to clear new land for cultivation
A. The security of a household's land tenure depends on the strength of that household's kinship ties, and the duration of a household's residence in its village is an indication of the strength of that household's kinship ties.
B. The ample availability of land makes security of land tenure unimportant, and the lack of a need for secure land tenure has made the concept of legal property rights unnecessary.
C. The strength of a household's kinship ties is a more reliable indicator of that household's receptivity to new agricultural technologies than is its quantity of nonland wealth, and the duration of a household's residence in its village is a more reliable indicator of that household's security of land tenure than is the strength of its kinship ties.
D. Security of land tenure based on kinship ties tends to make farmers more receptive to the use of improved plant varieties, and security of land tenure based on long duration of residence in a village tends to make farmers more receptive to the use of chemical herbicides.
E. A household is more likely to be receptive to the concept of land tenure based on legal property rights if it has easy access to uncultivated land, and a household is more likely to uphold the tradition of land tenure based on kinship ties if it possesses a significant degree of nonland wealth.
2. According to the passage, the proposal mentioned is aimed at preserving rain forests by encouraging farmers in rain-forest regions to do each of the following EXCEPT
A. adopt new agricultural technologies
B. grow improved plant varieties
C. decrease their use of chemical herbicides
D. increase their productivity
E. reduce their need to clear new land for cultivation
Note these questions are based on the same passage found in GMAT Prep but with different questions: https://gmatclub.com/forum/gmat-prep-rc ... 19458.html
OG 2019 ID's:
RC00455-03 for OG 2019 411
RC00455-05 for OG 2019 412
Originally posted by BFR on 28 Jun 2018, 11:02.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 30 Aug 2019, 04:28, edited 8 times in total.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 30 Aug 2019, 04:28, edited 8 times in total.
Updated - Complete topic (342).
Re: One proposal for preserving rain forests is to promote the adoption of
[#permalink]
Updated on: 22 Jul 2020, 15:32
Updated on: 22 Jul 2020, 15:32
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Expert Reply
Nonktp
I would like an expert's explanations and approach to the answer of question 1 (assumption question)
Hello, Nonktp. I would be happy to offer to offer some insights into my approach on this question. Before I jump into a passage, I typically scan the first question so that I can go into reading the passage with some sort of frame in mind, apart from main idea/authorial presence concerns. The question:BFR
The passage suggests that in the study mentioned for gathering information about security of land tenure reflects which of the following pairs of assumptions about Tawahka society?
First off, a suggest or inference question does not give you license to "read between the lines," as my students sometimes tell me. Although that interpretation may be accurate with other reading tasks, on the GMAT™, inference means one of two things:1) What does the passage state, possibly in a slightly different manner (i.e. using synonyms for a few words)?
2) What does the passage state, perhaps forcing you to cobble together information from one sentence or paragraph and information from another, when the two bits are not combined as such in the passage?
Yeah, that is it. The closer you stick to the passage, the more questions you will answer correctly. Stick to the keywords of the question stem, and match them to their counterparts in the passage, a simple yet highly effective strategy. Here, our keywords are security of land tenure and Tawahka society. Thus, we have to make sure our answer is accurate on both fronts. We cannot project any information from one key phrase onto the other. With that out of the way, on to our responses.
BFR
A. The security of a household's land tenure depends on the strength of that household's kinship ties, and the duration of a household's residence in its village is an indication of the strength of that household's kinship ties.
Like just about anyone else, I hate long-winded answer choices. They present numerous opportunities to get sidetracked. But here, I cannot find anything to argue against. Why? Because the passage states in the penultimate sentence,Researchers also measured land-tenure security: in Tawahka society, kinship ties are a more important indicator of this than are legal property rights, so researchers measured it by a household’s duration of residence in its village.
In Tawahka Society, it is clear that kinship ties matter, in terms of land-tenure security. Furthermore, researchers measured [land-tenure security] by how long a household had established residence in its village. The answer choice and the line from the passage match, almost verbatim. What more could you want in an answer?
BFR
B. The ample availability of land makes security of land tenure unimportant, and the lack of a need for secure land tenure has made the concept of legal property rights unnecessary.
Note the strong, judgmental language. Quite often, such answer choices take an idea too far, and this one is no different. The passage does not indicate that land-tenure security is unimportant. If it did, then what would be the point in the researchers studying land-tenure security? Rather, the passage tells us that another factor, namely kinship ties via duration of residence, is a more important indicator of land-tenure security than are legal property rights. More important does not suggest that the alternative is unimportant.BFR
C. The strength of a household's kinship ties is a more reliable indicator of that household's receptivity to new agricultural technologies than is its quantity of nonland wealth, and the duration of a household's residence in its village is a more reliable indicator of that household's security of land tenure than is the strength of its kinship ties.
I will be honest and admit that I did not even untangle the first part before eliminating this answer choice based on the second part. The latter portion here is twisting words, and no such comparison between duration of residence and kinship ties is made in the passage. Again, the researchers used duration of residence and kinship ties in tandem to measure land-tenure security in Tawahka society. I like to say that if you can argue definitively against anything in an answer choice, as long as you are keeping an eye on the passage, then that is enough to see off that answer. I will leave the former part for another time, perhaps. (The clock would have been ticking if I had not already eliminated the answer and moved on.)BFR
D. Security of land tenure based on kinship ties tends to make farmers more receptive to the use of improved plant varieties, and security of land tenure based on long duration of residence in a village tends to make farmers more receptive to the use of chemical herbicides.
The last line of the passage presents information that flies in the face of this statement:[The researchers] found that longer residence correlated with more adoption of improved plant varieties but less adoption of chemical herbicides.
If that does not seal the deal, then I am not sure how much more proof you need.
BFR
E. A household is more likely to be receptive to the concept of land tenure based on legal property rights if it has easy access to uncultivated land, and a household is more likely to uphold the tradition of land tenure based on kinship ties if it possesses a significant degree of nonland wealth.
These conditionals, which you can interpret as saying only if, are getting in the way here, not to mention that this is all pure speculation. The passage presents ways in which the Tawahka society operates, regarding the security of land tenure, by not placing an emphasis on legal property rights. This answer kind of reminds me of the different cases in formal logic in which a statement if p then q can be reinterpreted, sometimes with clearly incorrect conclusions, into the inverse (if not p then not q), converse (if q then p), and contrapositive (if not q then not p). We do not need to waste our time sorting out what could be true when the passage tells us what is already going on.I hope that helps answer your question. Good luck with your studies.
- Andrew
