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Quote:
Dead plant matter creates coal through heat and pressure, which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and replaces them with carbon deposits.

A. which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and replaces them
B. which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and those are replaced
C. which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and to be replaced
D. which produces chemical and physical changes, forcing out oxygen, and to be replaced
E. which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen and replaces them

A, B and E: Repating same error of subject verb agreement by using -them,those
C: parallelism error
D: Correct Choice
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Official Explanation

Dead plant matter creates coal through heat and pressure, which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and replaces them with carbon deposits.

(A) which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and replaces them
(B) which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and those are replaced
(C) which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and to be replaced
(D) which produces chemical and physical changes, forcing out oxygen, and to be replaced
(E) which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen and replaces them

After a quick scan over the question, it should be clear by now that this question deals with parallelism. Each verb needs to be written the same way, in the correct tense, for consistency within the sentence. Let’s see how each sentence stacks up:

(A) which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and replaces them
This is CORRECT. It has parallel structure; the verbs in the sentence use the same verb tense.

(B) which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and those are replaced
This is INCORRECT. It is does not have parallel structure, the verb replaced is incorrect.

(C) which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and to be replaced
This is INCORRECT. It is does not have parallel structure, the verb replaced is incorrect.

(D) which produces chemical and physical changes, forcing out oxygen, and to be replaced
This is INCORRECT. It is does not have parallel structure, the verbs forcing and replaced are incorrect. In fact, none of them match!

(E) which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen and replaces them
This is INCORRECT. It does have parallel structure; however, it does not have the Oxford comma required by the GMAT.

There you have it - option A was the correct choice all along!

NOTE:
Thanks to PS17198 for catching a typo in the original sentence/option A. Since that clearly threw off everyone this round, we're going to give anyone who attempted this question before the OA was posted a kudos. We will double-check all future questions from now on, and appreciate that you're keeping us honest!


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SivaVellala
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Pack 10, Question 3 of 5:

Dead plant matter creates coal through heat and pressure, which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and replaces them with carbon deposits.

A. which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and replaces them
B. which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and those are replaced
C. which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and to be replaced
D. which produces chemical and physical changes, forcing out oxygen, and to be replaced
E. which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen and replaces them


IMO - D

A - and replaces them
There are 2 errors with this structure.
"them" is ambiguous and also it does not agree in number with oxygen(which it should logically refer to).

B & E - same as A

C - forces out oxygen, and to be replaced
"to be replaced" should logically follow an action entity. If not there is parallelism error among "produces", "forces" and "to be replaced".

This leaves us with choice D, which makes complete sense saying that "the changes were bought by forcing out oxygen that is to be replaced...".

Welcome to the contest, SivaVellala! Unfortunately, you didn't get this one correct. Check out the official explanation in the comments for more details. Looking forward to your next explanation! :)
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thenikhilseth
My choice is D option.

1) Subject- Verb agreement
Dead plant matter is singular noun, so Them or Those is plural pronoun. Therefore eliminate A, B and E

2) In between C and D
C is incorrect because it changes the intended meaning and also break the parallelism rule.
Produces, Forces and To be is not parallel

Therefore, D is correct

A. which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and replaces them
B. which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and those are replaced
C. which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and to be replaced
D. which produces chemical and physical changes, forcing out oxygen, and to be replaced- CORRECT
E. which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen and replaces them

You were on the right track when you started to focus on parallelism, thenikhilseth! Unfortunately, option D doesn't follow parallel verb tenses either - only options A & E are parallel. Option E is wrong because it doesn't include the comma before the final "and" in the list. Check out the official explanation in the comments for more. :)
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Quote:
Dead plant matter creates coal through heat and pressure, which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and replaces them with carbon deposits.

A. which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and replaces them
B. which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and those are replaced
C. which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and to be replaced
D. which produces chemical and physical changes, forcing out oxygen, and to be replaced
E. which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen and replaces them

A, B and E: Repating same error of subject verb agreement by using -them,those
C: parallelism error
D: Correct Choice

You were on the right track when you started to focus on parallelism, PS17198! Option A is the only one that uses parallel verb tenses and the correct punctuation for lists. Check out the official explanation for more. :)
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EMPOWERgmatVerbal..

Here them is referring to dead plant matter which is singular.. so we cannot use them with singular subjects..
What about this error in Option A??
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EMPOWERgmatVerbal..

Here them is referring to dead plant matter which is singular.. so we cannot use them with singular subjects..
What about this error in Option A??

Thanks for the question PS17198!

We're going to agree with you on this one - the pronoun should have been singular. However, none of the other options handled this well either, so if you stick to focusing on parallelism, you'll end up choosing option A as the best (if not perfect) option.

To make this fair on everyone, I'm going to give each of you a kudos for this round. This was likely a typo or misunderstanding, so we won't penalize anyone for it. :)
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EMPOWERgmatVerbal
Official Explanation

Dead plant matter creates coal through heat and pressure, which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and replaces them with carbon deposits.

(A) which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and replaces them
(B) which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and those are replaced
(C) which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and to be replaced
(D) which produces chemical and physical changes, forcing out oxygen, and to be replaced
(E) which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen and replaces them

After a quick scan over the question, it should be clear by now that this question deals with parallelism. Each verb needs to be written the same way, in the correct tense, for consistency within the sentence. Let’s see how each sentence stacks up:

(A) which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and replaces them
This is CORRECT. It has parallel structure; the verbs in the sentence use the same verb tense.

(B) which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and those are replaced
This is INCORRECT. It is does not have parallel structure, the verb replaced is incorrect.

(C) which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and to be replaced
This is INCORRECT. It is does not have parallel structure, the verb replaced is incorrect.

(D) which produces chemical and physical changes, forcing out oxygen, and to be replaced
This is INCORRECT. It is does not have parallel structure, the verbs forcing and replaced are incorrect. In fact, none of them match!

(E) which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen and replaces them
This is INCORRECT. It does have parallel structure; however, it does not have the Oxford comma required by the GMAT.

There you have it - option A was the correct choice all along!

NOTE:
Thanks to PS17198 for catching a typo in the original sentence/option A. Since that clearly threw off everyone this round, we're going to give anyone who attempted this question before the OA was posted a kudos. We will double-check all future questions from now on, and appreciate that you're keeping us honest!


Don’t study for the GMAT. Train for it.

Hi EMPOWERgmatVerbal what is "them" in the question stem referring to ?
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aggvipul
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Official Explanation

Dead plant matter creates coal through heat and pressure, which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and replaces them with carbon deposits.

(A) which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and replaces them
(B) which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and those are replaced
(C) which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and to be replaced
(D) which produces chemical and physical changes, forcing out oxygen, and to be replaced
(E) which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen and replaces them

After a quick scan over the question, it should be clear by now that this question deals with parallelism. Each verb needs to be written the same way, in the correct tense, for consistency within the sentence. Let’s see how each sentence stacks up:

(A) which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and replaces them
This is CORRECT. It has parallel structure; the verbs in the sentence use the same verb tense.

(B) which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and those are replaced
This is INCORRECT. It is does not have parallel structure, the verb replaced is incorrect.

(C) which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen, and to be replaced
This is INCORRECT. It is does not have parallel structure, the verb replaced is incorrect.

(D) which produces chemical and physical changes, forcing out oxygen, and to be replaced
This is INCORRECT. It is does not have parallel structure, the verbs forcing and replaced are incorrect. In fact, none of them match!

(E) which produces chemical and physical changes, forces out oxygen and replaces them
This is INCORRECT. It does have parallel structure; however, it does not have the Oxford comma required by the GMAT.

There you have it - option A was the correct choice all along!

NOTE:
Thanks to PS17198 for catching a typo in the original sentence/option A. Since that clearly threw off everyone this round, we're going to give anyone who attempted this question before the OA was posted a kudos. We will double-check all future questions from now on, and appreciate that you're keeping us honest!


Don’t study for the GMAT. Train for it.

Hi EMPOWERgmatVerbal what is "them" in the question stem referring to ?

Thanks for the question aggvipul. There was a typo in option A: "them" should be "it." It's supposed to refer to "dead plant matter," which is a singular noun.

I hope that clears things up!
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