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comma +ing (non essential) +parallelism (from x to y)
Answer -> D
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The number of violent crimes, offenses that include sexual assault, robbery, and murder, declined sharply over ten years, in decreasing from 1.4 million in 2008 to be 1.2 million in 2018.

A. in decreasing from 1.4 million in 2008 to be Incorrect

decreasing from ...to be .... is wrong

B. in having decreased from 1.4 million in 2008 to Incorrect

in heaving - wrong

C. as it decreased from 1.4 million in 2008 to be Incorrect

using as is wrong

D. decreasing from 1.4 million in 2008 to Correct

E. with its decrease from 1.4 million in 2008 to Incorrect

using with is wrong, meaning change
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The number of violent crimes, offenses that include sexual assault, robbery, and murder, declined sharply over ten years, in decreasing from 1.4 million in 2008 to be 1.2 million in 2018.

A. in decreasing from 1.4 million in 2008 to be -- prepositional phrase can't start after a comma
B. in having decreased from 1.4 million in 2008 to -- "in having" is not correct
C. as it decreased from 1.4 million in 2008 to be -- "it decreased from X to be Y" is idiomatically wrong
D. decreasing from 1.4 million in 2008 to -- CORRECT usage of participial modifier and idiom "decreasing from X to Y"
E. with its decrease from 1.4 million in 2008 to -- "its" has no clear referent

So, the answer should be D
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Official Explanation

The number of violent crimes, offenses that include sexual assault, robbery, and murder, declined sharply over ten years, in decreasing from 1.4 million in 2008 to be 1.2 million in 2018.

A. in decreasing from 1.4 million in 2008 to be
B. in having decreased from 1.4 million in 2008 to
C. as it decreased from 1.4 million in 2008 to be
D. decreasing from 1.4 million in 2008 to
E. with its decrease from 1.4 million in 2008 to

After a quick glance over the options, we find 2 main differences we can use to narrow down our options:
1. in decreasing / in having decreased / as it decreased / decreasing / with its decrease (Construction & Meaning)
2. to be / to (Idioms)


Since #2 on our list is an “either/or” split, let’s start there. No matter which one we choose, we’ll eliminate 2-3 options rather quickly. This is an issue with the idiom “from X to Y.” We need to eliminate any that don’t follow this specific structure:

A. in decreasing from 1.4 million in 2008 to be
B. in having decreased from 1.4 million in 2008 to
C. as it decreased from 1.4 million in 2008 to be
D. decreasing from 1.4 million in 2008 to
E. with its decrease from 1.4 million in 2008 to

We can eliminate options A & C because “from X to be Y” is not the correct form of the idiom. Now that we have it narrowed down to just 3 options, let’s tackle #1 on our list. We need to make sure the sentences are clear, concise, and don’t contain anything that would confuse readers:

B. in having decreased from 1.4 million in 2008 to
This is INCORRECT because “in having decreased” is overly wordy and confusing. Saying “decreasing” will accomplish the same thing in far fewer words – and much more clearly!

D. decreasing from 1.4 million in 2008 to
Here is our CORRECT choice! The word “decreasing” clearly establishes this phrase as an -ing modifier, and it clearly modifies the previous clause.

E. with its decrease from 1.4 million in 2008 to
This is INCORRECT because we have a vague pronoun! It’s not 100% clear what the pronoun “its” is referring back to: the entire list of violent crimes, or just one of the specific examples of crimes? Remember – if it’s not 100% clear, it’s a no-no on the GMAT!

There you have it – option D is our winner! By starting with the either/or split, we were able to eliminate a couple options quickly, leaving us more time to address more complex issues!


Don’t study for the GMAT. Train for it.
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Marcost
I would go with answer choice D
Answers choices with "to be" should be eliminated since the idiom "from X to Y" requires parallelism. A and C are out.
B. "In having decreased" is unidiomatic.
E. Pronoun error. "Its" is a possessive noun reffering to "the number". Thus, we would have: with the number's decrease from 1.4 million in 2008 to... That does not make sense.

Posted from my mobile device

Well done Marcost! You cracked the code on this one! We look forward to seeing you tackle Question #2 soon! :) :thumbsup:
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DinoPen
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Pack 18, Question 1 of 5:

The number of violent crimes, offenses that include sexual assault, robbery, and murder, declined sharply over ten years, in decreasing from 1.4 million in 2008 to be 1.2 million in 2018.

EMPOWERgmatVerbal
A. in decreasing from 1.4 million in 2008 to be
in decreasing is awkward construction
EMPOWERgmatVerbal
B. in having decreased from 1.4 million in 2008 to
in having is awkward
EMPOWERgmatVerbal
C. as it decreased from 1.4 million in 2008 to be
to be is wrong construction
EMPOWERgmatVerbal
D. decreasing from 1.4 million in 2008 to
correct
EMPOWERgmatVerbal
E. with its decrease from 1.4 million in 2008 to
with its is nonsensical

Great explanation DinoPen! We look forward to seeing more great explanations in future questions! :) :thumbsup:
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winterschool
The number of violent crimes, offenses that include sexual assault, robbery, and murder, declined sharply over ten years, in decreasing from 1.4 million in 2008 to be 1.2 million in 2018.

A. in decreasing from 1.4 million in 2008 to be Incorrect

decreasing from ...to be .... is wrong

B. in having decreased from 1.4 million in 2008 to Incorrect

in heaving - wrong

C. as it decreased from 1.4 million in 2008 to be Incorrect

using as is wrong

D. decreasing from 1.4 million in 2008 to Correct

E. with its decrease from 1.4 million in 2008 to Incorrect

using with is wrong, meaning change

Well done winterschool! You cracked the code on this one! Looking forward to seeing how you tackle Question #2! :) :thumbsup:
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NiftyNiffler
The number of violent crimes, offenses that include sexual assault, robbery, and murder, declined sharply over ten years, in decreasing from 1.4 million in 2008 to be 1.2 million in 2018.

A. in decreasing from 1.4 million in 2008 to be -- prepositional phrase can't start after a comma
B. in having decreased from 1.4 million in 2008 to -- "in having" is not correct
C. as it decreased from 1.4 million in 2008 to be -- "it decreased from X to be Y" is idiomatically wrong
D. decreasing from 1.4 million in 2008 to -- CORRECT usage of participial modifier and idiom "decreasing from X to Y"
E. with its decrease from 1.4 million in 2008 to -- "its" has no clear referent

So, the answer should be D

Another great explanation NiftyNiffler! Looking forward to seeing more great explanations from you this in this pack! :) :thumbsup:
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