Recent criticism has sought to align Sarah Orne Jewett, a notable

Question

New Project RC Butler 2019  -  Practice 2 RC Passages Everyday   
Passage # 357, Date : 28-Sep-2019
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Recent criticism  has sought to align Sarah Orne Jewett, a notable writer of regional fiction in the nineteenth-century United States, with the domestic novelists of the previous generation. Her work does resemble the domestic novels of the 1850s in its focus on women, their domestic occupations, and their social interactions, with men relegated to the periphery. But it also differs markedly from these antecedents. The world depicted in the latter revolves around children. Young children play prominent roles in the domestic novels and the work of child rearing—the struggle to instill a mother’s values in a child’s character—is their chief source of drama. By contrast, children and child rearing are almost entirely absent from the world of Jewett’s fiction. Even more strikingly, while the literary world of the earlier domestic novelists is insistently religious, grounded in the structures of Protestant religious belief, to turn from these writers to Jewett is to encounter an almost wholly secular world.

To the extent that these differences do not merely reflect the personal preferences of the authors, we might attribute them to such historical transformations as the migration of the rural young to cities or the increasing secularization of society. But while such factors may help to explain the differences, it can be argued that these differences ultimately reflect different conceptions of the nature and purpose of fiction. The domestic novel of the mid-nineteenth century is based on a conception of fiction as part of a  continuum  that also included writings devoted to piety and domestic instruction, bound together by a common goal of promoting domestic morality and religious belief. It was not uncommon for the same multipurpose book to be indistinguishably a novel, a child-rearing manual, and a tract on Christian duty. The more didactic aims are absent from Jewett’s writing, which rather embodies the late nineteenth- century “high-cultural” conception of fiction as an autonomous sphere with value in and of itself.

This high-cultural aesthetic was one among several conceptions of fiction operative in the United States in the 1850s and 1860s, but it became the dominant one later in the nineteenth century and remained so for most of the twentieth. On this conception, fiction came to be seen as pure art: a work was to be viewed in isolation and valued for the formal arrangement of its elements rather than for its larger social connections or the promotion of extraliterary goods. Thus, unlike the domestic novelists, Jewett intended her works not as a means to an end but as an end in themselves. This fundamental difference should be given more weight in assessing their affinities than any superficial similarity in subject matter.   1 
 1. The passage most helps to answer which one of the following questions?

(A) Did any men write domestic novels in the 1850s?
(B) Were any widely read domestic novels written after the 1860s?
(C) How did migration to urban areas affect the development of domestic fiction in the 1850s?
(D) What is an effect that Jewett’s conception of literary art had on her fiction?
(E) With what region of the United States were at least some of Jewett’s writings concerned?

2 
 2. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to view the “recent criticism” mentioned in ( Highlighted text )

(A) advocating a position that is essentially correct even though some powerful arguments can be made against it
(B) making a true claim about Jewett, but for the wrong reasons
(C) making a claim that is based on some reasonable evidence and is initially plausible but ultimately mistaken
(D) questionable, because it relies on a currently dominant literary aesthetic that takes too narrow a view of the proper goals of fiction
(E) based on speculation for which there is no reasonable support, and therefore worthy of dismissal

3 
 3. In saying that domestic fiction was based on a conception of fiction as part of a “continuum” mentioned in ( Highlighted text ), the author most likely means which one of the following?

(A) Domestic fiction was part of an ongoing tradition stretching back into the past.
(B) Fiction was not treated as clearly distinct from other categories of writing.
(C) Domestic fiction was often published in serial form.
(D) Fiction is constantly evolving.
(E) Domestic fiction promoted the cohesiveness and hence the continuity of society

4 
 4. Which one of the following most accurately states the primary function of the passage?

(A) It proposes and defends a radical redefinition of several historical categories of literary style.
(B) It proposes an evaluation of a particular style of writing, of which one writer’s work is cited as a paradigmatic case.
(C) It argues for a reappraisal of a set of long-held assumptions about the historical connections among a group of writers.
(D) It weighs the merits of two opposing conceptions of the nature of fiction.
(E) It rejects a way of classifying a particular writer’s work and defends an alternative view.

5 
 5. Which one of the following most accurately represents the structure of the second paragraph?

(A) The author considers and rejects a number of possible explanations for a phenomenon, concluding that any attempt at explanation does violence to the unity of the phenomenon.
(B) The author shows that two explanatory hypotheses are incompatible with each other and gives reasons for preferring one of them.
(C) The author describes several explanatory hypotheses and argues that they are not really distinct from one another.
(D) The author proposes two versions of a classificatory hypothesis, indicates the need for some such hypothesis, and then sets out a counterargument in preparation for rejecting that counterargument in the following paragraph.
(E) The author mentions a number of explanatory hypotheses, gives a mildly favorable comment on them, and then advocates and elaborates another explanation that the author considers to be more fundamental.

6 
 6. The differing conceptions of fiction held by Jewett and the domestic novelists can most reasonably be taken as providing an answer to which one of the following questions?

(A) Why was Jewett unwilling to feature children and religious themes as prominently in her works as the domestic novelists featured them in theirs?
(B) Why did both Jewett and the domestic novelists focus primarily on rural as opposed to urban concerns?
(C) Why was Jewett not constrained to feature children and religion as prominently in her works as domestic novelists were?
(D) Why did both Jewett and the domestic novelists focus predominantly on women and their concerns?
(E) Why was Jewett unable to feature children or religion as prominently in her works as the domestic novelists featured them in theirs?

Source:   LSAT Official PrepTest 62   ( December 2010 ) 
 Difficulty Level:   700

auradediligodo · Accepted Answer

Hi everyone,
Took 15 minutes including 4:20 minutes to read, write down paragraphs summaries and main point and got 5/6 correct.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

P1 
paragraph 1 talks about a recent attempt to collocate a writer Sarah J into a category of writers, the domestic writers, who belong to the previous generation.
However the author does not agree and many differences are presented: presence VS absence of children - presence Vs absence of the religious element

P2 
paragraph 2 explains that the differences are not related to the preferences of the author but rather to historical transformations. Then we are given more information about the domestic novels and how those novels incorporated different purposes and conceptions. Finally a key difference is stated: while the domestic novels have a purpose and intend to aid someone, Sarah J's novels did not have these features and were considered autonomous.

P3 
The author concludes with presenting a fundamental difference: while the works of novelists of the previous generation had a purpose, the works of Sarah J belonged to a movement that saw literature works as art and as means to themselves. The author also adds that this difference should have more weight than anything else when evaluating whether SJ belonged to the same movement as the previous generation of novelists or not. 
 
 MP  
The main point is to prove that Sarah J did not belong to the previous movement of novelists by providing evidence.

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1 . The passage most helps to answer which one of the following questions?

Pre-thinking: 
 
 Detail question .

We need to evaluate each single answer choice

(A) Did any men write domestic novels in the 1850s?
 Not mentioned. Hence incorrect

(B) Were any widely read domestic novels written after the 1860s?
 Not mentioned. Hence incorrect

(C) How did migration to urban areas affect the development of domestic fiction in the 1850s?
 This seems tricky because the topic is mentioned. However there is no specific answer to this question. The information is used to support the fact that the differences in sarah's works were not personal preferences but came from historical events such as the migration. Hence incorrect

(D)   What is an effect that Jewett’s conception of literary art had on her fiction?
 Mentioned i the last paragraph: "Thus, unlike the domestic novelists, Jewett intended her works not as a means to an end but as an end in themselves." Hence correct

(E) With what region of the United States were at least some of Jewett’s writings concerned?
 Not mentioned. Hence incorrect

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2 . It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to view the “recent criticism” mentioned in (Highlighted text)

Pre-thinking:

Inference Question

This inference can be based on the entire passage and we nee to understand what is the author's idea. The author thinks that the recent criticism has some value because there are elements of similarity but it is wrong for all the reasons mentioned throughout the passage.

(A) advocating a position that is  essentially correct  even though some powerful arguments can be made against it
 Wrong because of essentially correct. Hence incorrect

(B) making a true claim about Jewett, but for the wrong reasons
 Not in line with pre-thinking. Hence incorrect

(C)   making a claim that is based on some reasonable evidence and is initially plausible but ultimately mistaken
 In line with pre-thinking. Hence correct

(D) questionable, because it relies on a currently dominant literary aesthetic that takes too narrow a view of the proper goals of fiction
 The recent criticism does not rely on the literary aesthetic. Hence incorrect

(E) based on speculation for which there is no reasonable support, and therefore worthy of dismissal
 Speculation is never mentioned. Hence incorrect

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3 . In saying that domestic fiction was based on a conception of fiction as part of a “continuum” mentioned in (Highlighted text), the author most likely means which one of the following?

Pre-thinking:

Purpose question

To answer this question we need to refer to P2 and especially to this portion of the paragraph: "It was not uncommon for the same multipurpose book to be indistinguishably a novel, a child-rearing manual, and a tract on Christian duty. "
The purpose is to stress the fact that many genres convey in the same category.

Note that this answer is full of traps since considering the meaning of continuum makes almost all the answer choices plausible.

(A) Domestic fiction was part of an ongoing tradition stretching back into the past.
 Not mentioned. Hence correct

(B)   Fiction was not treated as clearly distinct from other categories of writing.
 In line with pre-thinking. Hence correct

(C) Domestic fiction was often published in serial form.
 Not mentioned. Hence correct

(D) Fiction is constantly evolving.
 Not mentioned. Hence correct

(E) Domestic fiction promoted the cohesiveness and hence the continuity of society
 Not mentioned. Hence correct

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4 . Which one of the following most accurately states the primary function of the passage?

Pre-thinking: 
 
 Main point question

Refer to the main point above

(A) It proposes and defends a radical redefinition of several historical categories of literary style.
 Out of some. Hence incorrect

(B) It proposes an evaluation of a particular style of writing, of which one writer’s work is cited as a paradigmatic case.
 No style of writing is evaluated. Hence incorrect

(C) It argues for a reappraisal of a set of long-held assumptions about the historical connections among a group of writers.
 The passage talks about a specific case while this choice talks about a general topic. Hence incorrect

(D) It weighs the merits of two opposing conceptions of the nature of fiction.
 No opposing conceptions mentioned. Hence incorrect

(E)   It rejects a way of classifying a particular writer’s work and defends an alternative view.
 In line with pre-thinking. Hence correct

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5 . Which one of the following most accurately represents the structure of the second paragraph?

Pre-thinking:

Structure question

part1: differences are linked with historical transformations
part2: domestic novelists are characterized by a continuum
part3: absence of didactic aims from Sarah J's works

(A) The author considers and rejects a number of possible explanations for a phenomenon, concluding that any attempt at explanation does violence to the unity of the phenomenon.
 Not in line with pre-thinking. Hence incorrect

(B) The author shows that two explanatory hypotheses are incompatible with each other and gives reasons for preferring one of them.
 Not in line with pre-thinking. Hence incorrect

(C) The author describes several explanatory hypotheses and argues that they are not really distinct from one another.
 Not in line with pre-thinking. Hence incorrect

(D) The author proposes two versions of a classificatory hypothesis, indicates the need for some such hypothesis, and then sets out a counterargument in preparation for rejecting that counterargument in the following paragraph.
 No counterargument is presented in the next paragraph. Hence incorrect

(E)   The author mentions a number of explanatory hypotheses, gives a mildly favorable comment on them, and then advocates and elaborates another explanation that the author considers to be more fundamental.
 (The author mentions a number of explanatory hypotheses, gives a mildly favorable comment on them,)=part1,part2 of pre-thinking
(and then advocates and elaborates another explanation that the author considers to be more fundamental.)=part 3 of pre-thinking
Correct

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6 . The differing conceptions of fiction held by Jewett and the domestic novelists can most reasonably be taken as providing an answer to which one of the following questions?

Pre-thinking: 
 
 Detail question

Let's read the answer choices

(A) Why was Jewett unwilling to feature children and religious themes as prominently in her works as the domestic novelists featured them in theirs?
 willingness or unwillingness are never discussed. Hence incorrect

(B) Why did both Jewett and the domestic novelists focus primarily on rural as opposed to urban concerns?
 This is not answered by the passage. Hence incorrect

(C)   Why was Jewett not constrained to feature children and religion as prominently in her works as domestic novelists were?
 Answered in P2 and P3. While domestic novelists were subject to give their works a purpose, Sarah was free because she had another conception about art. Hence correct

(D) Why did both Jewett and the domestic novelists focus predominantly on women and their concerns?
 not answered. hence incorrect

(E) Why was Jewett unable to feature children or religion as prominently in her works as the domestic novelists featured them in theirs?
 not answered. hence incorrect

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

It is a good day to be alive, cheers!

Skywalker18 · Answer

All correct in 12 mins 30 seconds, including almost 5 mins to read

Para 1- Sarah Orne Jewett vs domestic novelists of the previous generation - similarities and differences; NO child rearing and secularism- SOJ
Para 2- 2 factors(migration of the rural young to cities or the increasing secularization of society) to explain difference, BUT differences ultimately reflect different conceptions of the nature and purpose of fiction
Para 3- Dominance of high-cultural aesthetic; SOJ's work- not as a means to an end but as an end in themselves

1. The passage most helps to answer which one of the following questions?  
(D) What is an effect that Jewett’s conception of literary art had on her fiction?

The more didactic aims are absent from Jewett’s writing, which rather embodies the late nineteenth- century “high-cultural” conception of fiction as an autonomous sphere with value in and of itself
Thus, unlike the domestic novelists, Jewett intended her works not as a means to an end but as an end in themselves.

2. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to view the “recent criticism” mentioned in ( Highlighted text ) 
(C) making a claim that is based on some reasonable evidence and is initially plausible but ultimately mistaken

Her work does resemble the domestic novels of the 1850s in its focus on women, their domestic occupations, and their social interactions, with men relegated to the periphery. But it also differs markedly from these antecedents.
This fundamental difference should be given more weight in assessing their affinities than any superficial similarity in subject matter

3. In saying that domestic fiction was based on a conception of fiction as part of a “continuum” mentioned in ( Highlighted text ), the author most likely means which one of the following?

(B) Fiction was not treated as clearly distinct from other categories of writing.- Correct
The domestic novel of the mid-nineteenth century is based on a conception of fiction as part of a continuum that also included writings devoted to piety and domestic instruction, bound together by a common goal of promoting domestic morality and religious belief.  It was not uncommon for the same multipurpose book to be indistinguishably a novel, a child-rearing manual, and a tract on Christian duty.

4. Which one of the following most accurately states the primary function of the passage?  
(E) It rejects a way of classifying a particular writer’s work and defends an alternative view.- Correct

Her work does resemble the domestic novels of the 1850s in its focus on women, their domestic occupations, and their social interactions, with men relegated to the periphery. But it also differs markedly from these antecedents.
This fundamental difference should be given more weight in assessing their affinities than any superficial similarity in subject matter

5. Which one of the following most accurately represents the structure of the second paragraph? 
(E) The author mentions a number of explanatory hypotheses, gives a mildly favorable comment on them, and then advocates and elaborates another explanation that the author considers to be more fundamental.

we might attribute them to such historical transformations as the migration of the rural young to cities or the increasing secularization of society. But while such factors may help to explain the differences, it can be argued that these differences ultimately reflect different conceptions of the nature and purpose of fiction.

6. The differing conceptions of fiction held by Jewett and the domestic novelists can most reasonably be taken as providing an answer to which one of the following questions? 
(A) Why was Jewett unwilling to feature children and religious themes as prominently in her works as the domestic novelists featured them in theirs?- incorrect, unwillingness is never discussed
(B) Why did both Jewett and the domestic novelists focus primarily on rural as opposed to urban concerns?- Irrelevant
(C) Why was Jewett not constrained to feature children and religion as prominently in her works as domestic novelists were?- Correct
(D) Why did both Jewett and the domestic novelists focus predominantly on women and their concerns?- incorrect, the differing conceptions of fiction held by SOJ and Domestic novelists does not answer this
(E) Why was Jewett unable to feature children or religion as prominently in her works as the domestic novelists featured them in theirs?- incorrect

hero_with_1000_faces · Answer

The correct answer choice is (B)

To properly understand the author’s use of the term “continuum” in line 30, it is important to examine the context in which it appears. The information needed to answer Specific Reference questions often resides elsewhere in the passage, in a section that also touches on the issue in the Specific Reference.

In the second paragraph, the author argues that the domestic novel is based on a conception of fiction “as part of a continuum that also included writings devoted to piety and domestic instruction, bound together by a common goal of promoting domestic morality and religious belief” (lines 28-33). In other words, this conception of fiction blurs the lines between several literary genres in order to achieve a particular extraliterary objective. This prephrase agrees with answer choice (B), which is the correct answer choice.

Answer choice (A): Domestic fiction may indeed be part of an ongoing tradition; however, the goal of the second paragraph is not to examine such fiction from a historical or a temporal perspective.

Answer choice (B): This is the correct answer choice. The domestic novel is indistinguishable from other categories of writing, such as the child-rearing manual or the tract on Christian duty (lines 33-35). As such, it is based on a conception of fiction that does not treat fiction as clearly distinct
from other categories of writing.

Answer choice (C): You should be able to eliminate this answer choice relatively quickly, since the passage contains no evidence suggesting that domestic novels were published in serial form.

Answer choice (D): Although the passage as a whole may indicate that conceptions of fiction are constantly evolving, the term “continuum” refers to a particular conception of fiction, not to its evolving nature.

Answer choice (E): Domestic fiction may have promoted societal morality and religious belief, but the cohesiveness and continuity of society are entirely unrelated to the author’s use of the term “continuum” on line 30. If you found this answer choice attractive, you were probably misled by one of the dictionary definitions of the term “continuum.” Remember—specific reference questions often test your contextual understanding of the term, not your knowledge of its dictionary definition(s).

hero_with_1000_faces · Answer

The correct answer choice is (C)

This question asks us to identify the author’s perspective in evaluating the criticism of Sarah Orne Jewett mentioned in line 1. The author initially concedes the point that Jewett’s work resembles the domestic novels of the 1850s, but immediately follows that statement by saying that it also differs markedly from these antecedents (line 8). Therefore, we can infer that the author probably views the recent criticism as initially plausible but ultimately mistaken—a prephrase that agrees with answer choice (C).

Answer choice (A): Although the author initially concedes that Jewett’s work resembles the domestic novels of the 1850s, the remainder of the first paragraph functions as a counterargument against that claim. Judging from the argument developed in the second and third paragraphs, the fundamental differences between Jewett and her predecessors outweigh any superficial similarity in subject matter (lines 51-54). To say that the author would view the critics’ position as “essentially correct” is to miss entirely the main point of the passage.

Answer choice (B): We have no reason to suspect that the author would view the critics’ claims as “true.” On the contrary—the author rejects the critics’ attempt to align Jewett with the domestic novelists of the 19th century, arguing that Jewett’s work embodies a new conception of fiction.

Answer choice (C): This is the correct answer choice. Since Jewett’s conception of fiction was different from that of her predecessors, she was not constrained by the requirement that fiction be nsion part of a continuum that included writings devoted to piety and domestic instruction. Consequently, she did not need to feature children and religion as prominently in her works as did the domestic novelists.

hero_with_1000_faces · Answer

The correct answer choice is (D) 
 
For this question, we need to consider which one of the following five questions can be answered using the information provided in the passage. Often the most efficient approach to this sort of question is to review the choices and quickly eliminate any Losers that cannot be answered using the information in the passage. Then examine the remaining Contenders more closely.

Answer choice (A): Just because the domestic novels focused primarily on women does not mean that women were also the only writers of such novels. Since the passage does not indicate whether any men wrote domestic novels in the 1850s, this is not a question that we can answer using the information given.

Answer choice (B): Even though the high-cultural aesthetic became the dominant conception of fiction later in the nineteenth century (lines 42-43), it is entirely plausible that some widely read domestic novels were still written after the 1860s. Since the author limited the scope of her discussion to the domestic novels of the 1850s, we cannot answer this question using the information provided.

Answer choice (C): This is a classic Shell Game answer. The rural youth’s migration to the cities is cited as a possible explanation of the differences between Jewett’s fiction and the domestic novels of the 1850s (line 23). However, it is unclear how (or whether) such migration affected the development of domestic fiction in the 1850s.

Answer choice (D): This is the correct answer choice. Because of her new conception of literary art as an autonomous sphere with value in and of itself, Jewett created a secular world that was devoid of didactic (or instructive) aims. The first two paragraphs provide sufficient information to help answer this question.

hero_with_1000_faces · Answer

The correct answer choice is (C)

For this question, we need to consider which of the following five questions can be answered by the differing conceptions of fiction held by Jewett and the domestic novelists. Recall that the author presents the differing conceptions of fiction as a way of explaining why Jewett’s work does not feature children and religious themes as prominently as the domestic novels do. This is yet another question that tests your ability to understand the cause and effect relationship that underlies the author’s main argument.

Answer choice (A): This answer choice may seem attractive, but we have no reason to suspect that Jewett was unwilling to feature children and religious themes in her works. She understood the nature and purpose of fiction differently from her predecessors, but there is no evidence that she made the conscious choice of not featuring the same topics as the domestic novelists. Our conceptions may guide our actions, but not necessarily in a conscious or deliberate way.

Answer choice (B): Hopefully you were able to eliminate this answer choice quickly, since there is no evidence suggesting that Jewett and the domestic novelists focused primarily on rural as opposed to urban concerns.

Answer choice (C): This is the correct answer choice. Since Jewett’s conception of fiction was different from that of her predecessors, she was not constrained by the requirement that fiction be nsion part of a continuum that included writings devoted to piety and domestic instruction. Consequently, she did not need to feature children and religion as prominently in her works as did the domestic novelists. 
 
Answer choice (D): The passage provides no explanation as to why Jewett and the domestic novelists focused predominantly on women and their concerns.

Answer choice (E): This answer choice is similar to answer choice (A). Once again, we have no reason to believe that Jewett was unable to feature children or religion. Just because her conception of fiction was different does not mean that she suddenly lost the ability to feature the same topics as the domestic novelists.

hero_with_1000_faces · Answer

The correct answer choice is (E)

Global Reference Purpose questions ask you to describe why the author wrote the passage, and the correct answer is often an abstract version of the main point. Think of it this way— a Main Point question is primarily concerned with a summary of what the author said;  a Global Reference Purpose question wants to know why the author said it .

A good prethinking is always important when answering such questions.

Answer choice (A): While the author proposes and defends a redefinition of Jewett’s work, there is no reason to suspect that this redefinition would extend to entire categories of literary style. The author does not seek to redefine domestic fiction or the high-cultural aesthetic of the late 19th century.

Answer choice (B): Jewett may indeed be an example of the high-cultural aesthetic; however, the purpose of the passage is not merely to evaluate a new style of writing and give an example. Recall that the description of the high-cultural aesthetic in the third paragraph serves to support the argument regarding Jewett’s work, not the other way around.

Answer choice (C): This answer choice may seem attractive, since the author does question the assumptions connecting Jewett to the domestic novelists of the 1850s. However, the primary function of the passage is not merely to question these assumptions, but to defend an alternative view that reclassifies Jewett’s work.

Answer choice (D): Even though the author juxtaposes two different conceptions of the nature of fiction, her purpose is not to weigh their merits but rather to argue that a particular writer embodies a certain conception of fiction.

Answer choice (E): This is the correct answer choice. The primary purpose of the passage is to reject classifying Jewett’s work as a domestic novel, and defend an alternative view arguing that it belongs to the high-cultural aesthetic of the late 19th and 20th centuries.

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Recent criticism has sought to align Sarah Orne Jewett, a notable

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