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Results of a recent study suggest that the financial management difficulties that women experience are slightly more likely to lead to bankruptcy filings than what men experience.
analysis: Results(subject) of a recent study suggest (verb 1) that the financial management difficulties that women (subject 2) experience are (verb 2) slightly more likely to lead to bankruptcy filings than what men experience.
error : what men experience gives different meaning,
2) Faulty comparison, difficulties that women experience are compared to what men experience
POE
(A) what men experience
error as stated above
(B) men’s experience would
new faulty comparison. Now difficulties that women experience are compared to experience of men ( infact wrong meaning) . So this is wrong
(C) are those that men experience
1) perfect comparison of difficulties with the those ,
2) Perfect parallalism of that women experience with that men experience
3) The comparison verb are is also mentioned .
4) though verb are is not necessary to repeat but in case of ambiguity are has to be added in the second part of the comparing sentence.
So this is perfect choice.
.
(D) financial struggles of men
a new error of financial struggles. Which is not mentioned so a wrong comparison. Here financial difficulties that women experience to financial struggle of men are compared . faulty comparison issue. . This is wrong
(E) men’s financial struggles do
similar to D, just the change of words of possessive form. This is wrong comparison. Here financial difficulties that women experince to men's financial struggle are compared .faulty comparison issue. This is wrong
So ans is C
analysis: Results(subject) of a recent study suggest (verb 1) that the financial management difficulties that women (subject 2) experience are (verb 2) slightly more likely to lead to bankruptcy filings than what men experience.
error : what men experience gives different meaning,
2) Faulty comparison, difficulties that women experience are compared to what men experience
POE
(A) what men experience
error as stated above
(B) men’s experience would
new faulty comparison. Now difficulties that women experience are compared to experience of men ( infact wrong meaning) . So this is wrong
(C) are those that men experience
1) perfect comparison of difficulties with the those ,
2) Perfect parallalism of that women experience with that men experience
3) The comparison verb are is also mentioned .
4) though verb are is not necessary to repeat but in case of ambiguity are has to be added in the second part of the comparing sentence.
So this is perfect choice.
.
(D) financial struggles of men
a new error of financial struggles. Which is not mentioned so a wrong comparison. Here financial difficulties that women experience to financial struggle of men are compared . faulty comparison issue. . This is wrong
(E) men’s financial struggles do
similar to D, just the change of words of possessive form. This is wrong comparison. Here financial difficulties that women experince to men's financial struggle are compared .faulty comparison issue. This is wrong
So ans is C
Updated on: 25 Jul 2019, 03:47
Originally posted by JonShukhrat on 24 Jul 2019, 15:20.
Last edited by JonShukhrat on 25 Jul 2019, 03:47, edited 1 time in total.
Last edited by JonShukhrat on 25 Jul 2019, 03:47, edited 1 time in total.
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Welcome to another Beauty Contest in which we will choose the answer choice that is more parallel, more grammatically correct, and less semantically ambiguous than any of the other answer choices.
Note that in the construction more A than B, the elements of the comparison A and B must be not only structurally parallel, but also fundamentally the same type of thing. So we compare people with people, experience with experience, difficulty with struggles, but not difficulties with experience.
1. In our particular case we can compare:
I. Financial management difficulties with financial management difficulties. Correct
II. Financial management difficulties with financial struggles. Correct
2. However, we can’t compare:
I. Financial management difficulties with men’s experience. Incorrect
II. Financial management difficulties with what men experience. Incorrect
III. Bankruptcy filings with men’s experience. Incorrect
IV. Bankruptcy filings with what men experience. Incorrect
For our own convenience let’s use just difficulties instead of financial management difficulties, and just bankruptcy instead of bankruptcy filings. Let’s also begin from the correct answer choice that may hugely help to understand why others are incorrect.
C. Difficulties that women experience are more likely to lead to bankruptcy than are those that men experience.
What does those refer to? The only plural noun is difficulties, so those has to refer to difficulties. What does are stand for? The only linking verb is are more likely..., so the referent is clear. Let’s substitute:
Difficulties that women experience are more likely to lead to bankruptcy than difficulties (those) that men experience are likely to lead to bankruptcy (are).
Two parallel elements whose likelihoods are being compared are difficulties that women experience and difficulties that men experience. The meaning is clear and the comparison is correct.
A. Difficulties that women experience are more likely to lead to bankruptcy than what men experience.
There are two possible interpretations:
a. Difficulties that women experience are more likely to lead to bankruptcy than what men experience are likely to lead to bankruptcy.
b. Difficulties that women experience are more likely to lead to bankruptcy than to what men experience.
In a, difficulties that women experience are incorrectly compared with what men experience. “what men experience” actually means everything that men experience. Thus the sentence illogically compares difficulties with everything. That’s not the intended meaning and incorrect comparison. In b, difficulties that women experience lead to what men experience. That’s nonsensical. Thus A is out.
B. Difficulties that women experience are more likely to lead to bankruptcy than men’s experience would.
We can see that difficulties are being illogically compared with experience. We need to be, not would, in order to refer to are likely to lead... Thus B is out.
D. Difficulties that women experience are more likely to lead to bankruptcy than financial struggles of men.
There are two possible interpretations:
a. Difficulties that women experience are more likely to lead to bankruptcy than financial struggles of men are likely to lead to bankruptcy.
b. Difficulties that women experience are more likely to lead to bankruptcy than to financial struggles of men.
In a, “financial struggles of men” is less parallel to “difficulties that women experience” than “difficulties that men experience” is. In b, difficulties that women experience lead to financial struggles of men. That’s nonsensical. Thus D is out.
E. Difficulties that women experience are more likely to lead to bankruptcy than men’s financial struggles do.
What is do referring to? The nearest verb is lead. So we have:
Difficulties that women experience are more likely to lead to bankruptcy than men’s financial struggles lead to bankruptcy (do).
The sentence incorrectly compares the likelihood with the action that actually happens. In other words, the first element talks about the 60% or 70% likelihood of something, while the second element doesn’t talk about such likelihood. That’s nonsensical. We clearly need to be to refer to are more likely to lead...
Moreover, “men’s financial struggles” is less parallel to “difficulties that women experience” than “difficulties that men experience” is. Thus E is out.
Hence C
Note that in the construction more A than B, the elements of the comparison A and B must be not only structurally parallel, but also fundamentally the same type of thing. So we compare people with people, experience with experience, difficulty with struggles, but not difficulties with experience.
1. In our particular case we can compare:
I. Financial management difficulties with financial management difficulties. Correct
II. Financial management difficulties with financial struggles. Correct
2. However, we can’t compare:
I. Financial management difficulties with men’s experience. Incorrect
II. Financial management difficulties with what men experience. Incorrect
III. Bankruptcy filings with men’s experience. Incorrect
IV. Bankruptcy filings with what men experience. Incorrect
For our own convenience let’s use just difficulties instead of financial management difficulties, and just bankruptcy instead of bankruptcy filings. Let’s also begin from the correct answer choice that may hugely help to understand why others are incorrect.
C. Difficulties that women experience are more likely to lead to bankruptcy than are those that men experience.
What does those refer to? The only plural noun is difficulties, so those has to refer to difficulties. What does are stand for? The only linking verb is are more likely..., so the referent is clear. Let’s substitute:
Difficulties that women experience are more likely to lead to bankruptcy than difficulties (those) that men experience are likely to lead to bankruptcy (are).
Two parallel elements whose likelihoods are being compared are difficulties that women experience and difficulties that men experience. The meaning is clear and the comparison is correct.
A. Difficulties that women experience are more likely to lead to bankruptcy than what men experience.
There are two possible interpretations:
a. Difficulties that women experience are more likely to lead to bankruptcy than what men experience are likely to lead to bankruptcy.
b. Difficulties that women experience are more likely to lead to bankruptcy than to what men experience.
In a, difficulties that women experience are incorrectly compared with what men experience. “what men experience” actually means everything that men experience. Thus the sentence illogically compares difficulties with everything. That’s not the intended meaning and incorrect comparison. In b, difficulties that women experience lead to what men experience. That’s nonsensical. Thus A is out.
B. Difficulties that women experience are more likely to lead to bankruptcy than men’s experience would.
We can see that difficulties are being illogically compared with experience. We need to be, not would, in order to refer to are likely to lead... Thus B is out.
D. Difficulties that women experience are more likely to lead to bankruptcy than financial struggles of men.
There are two possible interpretations:
a. Difficulties that women experience are more likely to lead to bankruptcy than financial struggles of men are likely to lead to bankruptcy.
b. Difficulties that women experience are more likely to lead to bankruptcy than to financial struggles of men.
In a, “financial struggles of men” is less parallel to “difficulties that women experience” than “difficulties that men experience” is. In b, difficulties that women experience lead to financial struggles of men. That’s nonsensical. Thus D is out.
E. Difficulties that women experience are more likely to lead to bankruptcy than men’s financial struggles do.
What is do referring to? The nearest verb is lead. So we have:
Difficulties that women experience are more likely to lead to bankruptcy than men’s financial struggles lead to bankruptcy (do).
The sentence incorrectly compares the likelihood with the action that actually happens. In other words, the first element talks about the 60% or 70% likelihood of something, while the second element doesn’t talk about such likelihood. That’s nonsensical. We clearly need to be to refer to are more likely to lead...
Moreover, “men’s financial struggles” is less parallel to “difficulties that women experience” than “difficulties that men experience” is. Thus E is out.
Hence C
24 Jul 2019, 15:45
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First split: Experience vs difficulties/struggles
the financial management difficultiesthat women experience are slightly more (likely to lead to bankruptcy filings) than what men experience.
the author is comparing between the effect of difficulties (that women experience) and similar "difficulties" (that men experience),
not comparing between the effect of difficulties (that women experience) and similar "what men experience (in general) --> A,B out
introducing "struggles" in the comparison may seem suspicious, but bot enough to eliminate D,E because it is an acceptable synonym for difficulties
Second split: Struggles vs Struggles do vs those(difficulties) are
(D) financial struggles of men: we are not comparing between the difficulties themselves, but the liability of difficulties to cause bankruptcy. We should compare between two clauses, not two nouns --> D out
(E) men’s financial struggles do: "do" should refer to an action verb, but there is only a linking verb "are" in the first clause. Besides, if we tried to restore the ellipsis in the second clause, it will be "men’s financial struggles do be" which is clearly a wrong structure. --> E out
(C) are those that men experience: if we try to restore the noun and the ellipsis and rearrange the two clauses, it will be " the financial management difficulties that women experience are slightly more likely to lead to bankruptcy filings than those (similar financial difficulties) that men experience are (likely to lead to bankruptcy filings)
here, "those" has a clear plural antecedent, and the two arms of comparison are balanced, having the same structure (noun + that + noun + verb)
C
the financial management difficulties
the author is comparing between the effect of difficulties (that women experience) and similar "difficulties" (that men experience),
not comparing between the effect of difficulties (that women experience) and similar "what men experience (in general) --> A,B out
introducing "struggles" in the comparison may seem suspicious, but bot enough to eliminate D,E because it is an acceptable synonym for difficulties
Second split: Struggles vs Struggles do vs those(difficulties) are
(D) financial struggles of men: we are not comparing between the difficulties themselves, but the liability of difficulties to cause bankruptcy. We should compare between two clauses, not two nouns --> D out
(E) men’s financial struggles do: "do" should refer to an action verb, but there is only a linking verb "are" in the first clause. Besides, if we tried to restore the ellipsis in the second clause, it will be "men’s financial struggles do be" which is clearly a wrong structure. --> E out
(C) are those that men experience: if we try to restore the noun and the ellipsis and rearrange the two clauses, it will be " the financial management difficulties that women experience are slightly more likely to lead to bankruptcy filings than those (similar financial difficulties) that men experience are (likely to lead to bankruptcy filings)
here, "those" has a clear plural antecedent, and the two arms of comparison are balanced, having the same structure (noun + that + noun + verb)
C
...Here is my thought process...
