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1. which correctly refers back to "satellite radio transmissions" but there's a SV error in the usage of "is"
2. corrects the SV error
3. sent from earthbound towers should refer to satellite radio transmissions but there is nothing connecting it to the subject
4. send-ING modifies the previous clause and hence alters the meaning
5. Usage of being is incorrect here.

--
Please correct my analysis, if wrong!
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the phrase " sent from the tower to car's stereo" must refer the FM transmission because satellite do not use tower.

this requires an understanding of satellite transmission. this is a little hard for normal persons.
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Please help in this question. GMATNINJA
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generis
Satellite radio transmissions, a popular feature in car stereos, differ from those of AM and FM radio, which is sent directly from earthbound towers and then to a car stereo.

A) which is sent directly from earthbound towers and then to a car

B) which are sent directly from earthbound towers to a car's

C) sent from earthbound towers and then directly to a car

D) sending them directly from earthbound towers to a car's

E) being sent directly from earthbound towers to a car


SC08150.02

A) which is sent directly from earthbound towers and then to a car

B) which are sent directly from earthbound towers to a car's

C) sent from earthbound towers and then directly to a car

D) sending them directly from earthbound towers to a car's

E) being sent directly from earthbound towers to a car

IMO B
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Satellite radio transmissions, a popular feature in car stereos, differ from those of AM and FM radio, which is sent directly from earthbound towers and then to a car stereo.

A) which is sent directly from earthbound towers and then to a car
Which is referring to transmissions, as confirmed by those, so which should be followed by “are”.
From X to Y is the right idiom here.

B) which are sent directly from earthbound towers to a car's
Best of all.

C) sent from earthbound towers and then directly to a car
Incorrect Idiom Usage – From X to Y

D) sending them directly from earthbound towers to a car's
Them is referring to transmissions and hence transmissions sending transmissions doesn’t make sense here.
Also, Ing modifiers are used
1. To express result of the previous clause. So, differ resulting in sending doesn’t make sense.
2. To give extra info.
E) being sent directly from earthbound towers to a car
Being is used for progressive tense and that’s not the intended meaning here.
Usage of Being in GMAT is almost always incorrect.
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Please help in this question. GMATNINJA
yatindra20
Refer below:

generis
Satellite radio transmissions, a popular feature in car stereos, differ from those of AM and FM radio, which is sent directly from earthbound towers and then to a car stereo.

A) which is sent directly from earthbound towers and then to a car

B) which are sent directly from earthbound towers to a car's

C) sent from earthbound towers and then directly to a car

D) sending them directly from earthbound towers to a car's

E) being sent directly from earthbound towers to a car

SC08150.02

In the original sentence 'is' refers for 'those' which is plural pronoun. Another issue is conciseness of saying 'sending of transmissions from earthbound towers to a car stereo' - A and C looses on that - idiomatically wrong. Correct idiom is from X to Y. C slightly changes meaning for using 'sent' as if the transmissions were sent only once.
D and E are wrong for using present participle modifier, thus changing the meaning as if they differ only when transmissions are sent. Sentence is stating a general fact.

IMO Answer B.
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Is "differ from".....FM radio" a descriptive phrase?
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Satellite radio transmissions, a popular feature in car stereos, differ from those of AM and FM radio, which is sent directly from earthbound towers and then to a car stereo.

A) which is sent directly from earthbound towers and then to a car
Wrong: which refer to transmissions of AM and FM radio. plural noun.

B) which are sent directly from earthbound towers to a car's
Right: which correctly refer to Transmissions of FM and AM radio.

C) sent from earthbound towers and then directly to a car
Wrong: Past participle. modifier use is confusing, it can refer to subject/object/whole clause. and violate parallelism structure.

D) sending them directly from earthbound towers to a car's
Wrong: Present participle. modifier use is confusing, it can refer to subject/object/whole clause.

E) being sent directly from earthbound towers to a car
Wrong:: use of "Being" is awkward.
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Genoa2000
The first thing I did has been eliminating all the choices which finish with "car's". I thought it was impropriated to use the possessive case with inanimate objects, at least in formal writing.
Can you help me, please?
Genoa2000, There is nothing necessarily wrong with the possessive case for inanimate objects. That's not a GMAT rule.

Focus on hard and fast rules like subject/verb agreement, parallelism, etc.

In this question, you should first eliminate (A) for incorrectly using singular verb "is" with plural noun "transmissions."

C, D, & E are incorrect modifiers.

If you haven't already, I'd recommend reading through a GMAT SC book and focusing on the core subjects within the book.
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EMPOWERgmatVerbal
Hello Everyone!

Let's tackle this question, one thing at a time, and narrow down our options quickly so we know how to answer questions like this when they pop up on the GMAT! To begin, let's take a quick look at the question and highlight any major differences between the options in orange:

Satellite radio transmissions, a popular feature in car stereos, differ from those of AM and FM radio, which is sent directly from earthbound towers and then to a car stereo.

A) which is sent directly from earthbound towers and then to a car

B) which are sent directly from earthbound towers to a car's

C) sent from earthbound towers and then directly to a car

D) sending them directly from earthbound towers to a car's

E) being sent directly from earthbound towers to a car

After a quick glance over the options, there are a couple key differences we can focus on:

1. which is sent / which are sent / sent / sending them / being sent (Construction & Logic)
2. and then to a car / to a car’s / and then directly to a car / to a car (Idioms)


Let’s start with #2 on our list, which deals with idioms - a much easier thing to test for than #1 on our list. The idiom we’re dealing with is “from X to Y.” We need to eliminate any that don’t follow this format:

A) which is sent directly from earthbound towers and then to a car

B) which are sent directly from earthbound towers to a car's

C) sent from earthbound towers and then directly to a car

D) sending them directly from earthbound towers to a car's

E) being sent directly from earthbound towers to a car

We can eliminate options A & C because they don’t follow the “from X to Y” idiom format. Now that we have it narrowed down to only 3 options, let’s tackle #1 on our list. We need to make sure that this phrase, which is meant to modify “those of AM and FM radio,” is worded clearly and doesn’t change the intended meaning:

B) which are sent directly from earthbound towers to a car's
This is CORRECT! The “which” modifier clearly refers back to “those of AM and FM radio” and keeps the intended meaning clear.

D) sending them directly from earthbound towers to a car's
This is INCORRECT because an “-ing” modifier is not needed here. The pronoun “them” is referring back to “those of AM and FM radio,” which doesn’t make sense. Transmissions cannot send transmissions on their own. Therefore, we need to rule this out because it’s confusing and illogical.

E) being sent directly from earthbound towers to a car
This is also INCORRECT because the “-ing” modifier here also doesn’t work. It actually creates a parallelism problem! Instead of comparing satellite transmissions to AM/FM radio transmissions, this is trying to compare satellite transmissions to only those AM/FM radio transmissions that come from earthbound towers - not all AM/FM radio transmissions.

There you have it - option B is our winner!


Don’t study for the GMAT. Train for it.

Hi,

Correct me if i am wrong. Isnt "which" referring back to the closest preceding noun?

Thanks.
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[quote="generis"]Satellite radio transmissions, a popular feature in car stereos, differ from those of AM and FM radio, which is sent directly from earthbound towers and then to a car stereo.

A) which is sent directly from earthbound towers and then to a car

B) which are sent directly from earthbound towers to a car's

C) sent from earthbound towers and then directly to a car

D) sending them directly from earthbound towers to a car's

E) being sent directly from earthbound towers to a car

**************************************
(A) subject-verb disagreement -'is '
(B) corrected (A) error- Correct Answer
(C) sent from earth's tower and .. gives the meaning as if both are different tasks.
(D) -ing from
(E) is it a temporary event/ defined time period? If No then being is wrong here.
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EMPOWERgmatVerbal
Hello Everyone!

Let's tackle this question, one thing at a time, and narrow down our options quickly so we know how to answer questions like this when they pop up on the GMAT! To begin, let's take a quick look at the question and highlight any major differences between the options in orange:

Satellite radio transmissions, a popular feature in car stereos, differ from those of AM and FM radio, which is sent directly from earthbound towers and then to a car stereo.

A) which is sent directly from earthbound towers and then to a car

B) which are sent directly from earthbound towers to a car's

C) sent from earthbound towers and then directly to a car

D) sending them directly from earthbound towers to a car's

E) being sent directly from earthbound towers to a car

After a quick glance over the options, there are a couple key differences we can focus on:

1. which is sent / which are sent / sent / sending them / being sent (Construction & Logic)
2. and then to a car / to a car’s / and then directly to a car / to a car (Idioms)


Let’s start with #2 on our list, which deals with idioms - a much easier thing to test for than #1 on our list. The idiom we’re dealing with is “from X to Y.” We need to eliminate any that don’t follow this format:

A) which is sent directly from earthbound towers and then to a car

B) which are sent directly from earthbound towers to a car's

C) sent from earthbound towers and then directly to a car

D) sending them directly from earthbound towers to a car's

E) being sent directly from earthbound towers to a car

We can eliminate options A & C because they don’t follow the “from X to Y” idiom format. Now that we have it narrowed down to only 3 options, let’s tackle #1 on our list. We need to make sure that this phrase, which is meant to modify “those of AM and FM radio,” is worded clearly and doesn’t change the intended meaning:

B) which are sent directly from earthbound towers to a car's
This is CORRECT! The “which” modifier clearly refers back to “those of AM and FM radio” and keeps the intended meaning clear.

D) sending them directly from earthbound towers to a car's
This is INCORRECT because an “-ing” modifier is not needed here. The pronoun “them” is referring back to “those of AM and FM radio,” which doesn’t make sense. Transmissions cannot send transmissions on their own. Therefore, we need to rule this out because it’s confusing and illogical.

E) being sent directly from earthbound towers to a car
This is also INCORRECT because the “-ing” modifier here also doesn’t work. It actually creates a parallelism problem! Instead of comparing satellite transmissions to AM/FM radio transmissions, this is trying to compare satellite transmissions to only those AM/FM radio transmissions that come from earthbound towers - not all AM/FM radio transmissions.

There you have it - option B is our winner!


Don’t study for the GMAT. Train for it.

Hi,

Correct me if i am wrong. Isnt "which" referring back to the closest preceding noun?

Thanks.

Thanks for your question jatinkhanna! The "which" modifier is referring back to the noun phrase "those of AM and FM radio." There are instances where the "which" modifier will modify a noun that's farther away, and most commonly, it happens when you have a "noun + of X" phrase right before the "which." Here is a quick, easy breakdown of how that happens:

https://gmatclub.com/forum/noun-modifie ... 35868.html

I hope this helps! Please feel free to tag us at EMPOWERgmatVerbal if you have other questions!
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I think the answer is d . 'which' modifies the words just coming before comma right >?? Rather changing sentence to use participle sounds correct . Please somebody explain.
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shubs1705
I think the answer is d . 'which' modifies the words just coming before comma right >?? Rather changing sentence to use participle sounds correct . Please somebody explain.
Hi shubs1705, the intended meaning is that transmissions of AM and FM radio are sent directly from earthbound towers to a car's stereo.

Notice the structure in B: ...which are sent...

Since we have a plural verb (are), which can only refer to a plural subject. That nearest plural word is those (referring to transmissions).

Hence, B is correct.

p.s. Our book EducationAisle Sentence Correction Nirvana discusses modifier issues of "which", their application and examples in significant detail. If you or someone is interested, PM me your email-id; I can mail the corresponding section.
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Hi akkaa, you might want to refer to my post immediately above yours.
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Satellite radio transmissions (N)
, a popular feature in car stereos, (Appositive)
differ (V) from
those (transmissions)
of AM and FM radio (prepositional phrase)
,which (transmissions of AM and FM radios) (N)
is (Not matching with transmissions of AM and FM radios)
sent (V)
directly from earthbound towers and then to a car stereo.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--No problem in ,which as it's referring back to transmissions of AM and FM radios
--'is' is wrong. (S-V error). It should have been 'are'
--from ..and then to..(incorrect idiom). From...to is correct idiom.

A) which is sent directly from earthbound towers and then to a car--Incorrect due to reasons mentioned above.

B) which are sent directly from earthbound towers to a car's stereo
--Looks ok.
--S-V error corrected, correct use of idiom "from ...to"
--possessive form of noun car's stereo is fine.

C) sent from earthbound towers and then directly to a car
--what was sent? radios? transmissions?
--from earthbound towers to where?
--wrong use of idiom.

D) sending them directly from earthbound towers to a car's
--it says satellite radio transmissions differ from AM/FM transmissions by sending them(not sure which transmissions) from earthbound towers to a car's stereo.

E) being sent directly from earthbound towers to a car
--being sent? what were being sent? (wrong usage of being and we don't know what is being sent)
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Hi daagh,
Could you please explain why 'car's stereo' is the correct phrase here and not 'to a car stereo'.
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