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teaserbae
Joined: 24 Mar 2018
Last visit: 07 Mar 2022
Posts: 188
Given Kudos: 288
Location: India
Schools: Carlson Foster '24 Haas '24 Kelley '24 Kellogg '24
GMAT 1: 680 Q50 V31
11 Aug 2018, 22:00
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12 Aug 2018, 00:01
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Those refer to the plural 'amounts'. 'That' is a relative pronoun, which refers to the plural 'those.' C) regarded by the world’s best classical cellists as the best cellist of the classical world, plays in an ever-changing style, yet employs
12 Aug 2018, 10:11
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laxieqv
teaserbae
teaserbae , arriving at an answer through process of elimination is an excellent method. (The best method, IMO.) Nice work, especially because these pronouns can be tricky.
If pronouns seem convoluted or unclear, replace the pronoun with what you think is the possible antecedent. Then decide whether the sentence makes sense.*
"Some scientists have been critical of the laboratory tests conducted by the FDA on the grounds that the amounts of suspected carcinogens fed to animals far exceed
those in Option E is a pronoun referring to the antecedent amounts (of carcinogens)
Until we do the substitution above, that looks tricky. Afterwards, THAT should be much less confusing.
"That" connects "amounts" to "humans could consume." ("That" is a relative pronoun.)
If doubt still exists, test "that" by dropping the "that" clause.
If we strike "that humans could consume" we have
. . . the amounts of suspected carcinogens fed to animals far exceed [amounts]
Shortened: amounts far exceed amounts
Huh?
That construction does not make any sense. Dropping the THAT clause produces nonsense.In formal terms, "that" is a relative pronoun introducing a restrictive clause; the clause contains information we must have about "amounts."
Conclusion: "that" stays and E is indeed the correct answer. We're good.
Hope that helps.
*The sentence means: The FDA uses animals to test whether and at what level certain substances cause cancer. Some scientists have criticized the test results because the scientists believe that the tests do not replicate real conditions. The testers feed the animals huge amounts of the carcinogens -- amounts that are much higher than a human being actually could eat or drink.
