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11 Apr 2021, 20:17
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KanikaRajput
While learning GMAT SC concepts, you missed that usage of including could be an exception .
The point what I want to bring is: GMAT SC concepts are helpful to some extend but we should not forget our meaning approach. There could be many exceptions with each concept about which we may not know at that time.
If you remember you might have used including in your sentences in daily usage. Example Reference: I have three friends including X. Here including makes perfect sense, is not it?
For this question, Including is exception as explained in above post.
Hope it helps:)
12 Apr 2021, 00:23
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KanikaRajput
Hi KanikaRajput, this indeed creates confusion. The rule you've mentioned (modifying the previous clause) is for present participial phrases. However, including is not a present participial phrase; including is actually a preposition. Hence, the general rules of participial phrases do not apply to including.
including can modify the Noun or Noun-Phrase immediately before the word including.
An officially correct sentence:
A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits.
Notice how including modifies a rather far-away noun remedies.
p.s. Our book EducationAisle Sentence Correction Nirvana has a special note on the usage of including. Have attached the corresponding section of the book, for your reference.
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Including.pdf [10.85 KiB]
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08 Sep 2021, 20:14
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(D) mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, which includes
(E) mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including
Hi, i still think D is correct answer, because "which includes" is singular, pairs with "the examination", the "examination" includes the 3 wooden spears, and not the "tools including 3 wooden spears"
(E) mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including
Hi, i still think D is correct answer, because "which includes" is singular, pairs with "the examination", the "examination" includes the 3 wooden spears, and not the "tools including 3 wooden spears"
