mikemcgarry wrote:
The state of California contains 58 counties, of which some of them have a population less than 10,000.
(A) of which some of them have
(B) some of which having
(C) some of them having
(D) some of them have
(E) some of which to have
OFFICIAL SOLUTION
Here, we get clause construction as well as what is sometimes called a “subgroup modifier”.
The word “which” is a relative pronoun, and this means two important things. First, “
which” begins a subordinate clause that, like any clause, must have a full
[noun] + [verb] structure. Second, the pronoun “
which” itself is the subject of this
subordinate clause. Choices (B) & (E) run afoul of the first rule — they follow “which” with a participle and an infinitive respectively, not a full bonafide verb. Choice (A) has a bonafide verb, “have”, but it gets in trouble with the second rule — it has a double subject, the word “which” and the phrase “
some of them” — this would be a like the sentence, “My sister she is smart” — the
[noun] + [pronoun] structure is
redundant and
incorrect. Choice (A) makes exactly the same mistake. None of these three choices is correct.
The phrase “
some of them” is a
noun. If we follow a noun with a full verb “have”, as (D) does, this creates an independent clause —- everything after the comma could stand on its own as a complete sentence. Again, the problem is — we have [independent clause], [independent clause] — that’s the structure of a run-on sentence. Choice (D) makes this mistake and is not correct. Choice (C) follows the noun “
some of them” with the
participle “
having” — this is the [noun] + [participle] structure of an absolute phrase. This is grammatically correct, and because there’s a grave problem with each of the other four answer choices, (C) is the only possible answer.
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