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I think I have a simpler solution, can anyone confirm if it accurate?

1/10 ranked V before C, and 1/3 ranked V before S, and you want the amount that ranked V before C AND S, can't you just multiply the two?

Therefore: 1/10*1/3=1/30
Multiply this with the total group (60) to get the correct answer of 2.

This approach does not use the 3/5 information, so I'm not sure if this is a good approach. Can anyone confirm?

KarishmaB Bunuel can either of you please confirm if this solution is correct? Thanks!


No it is not. We don't know that they are independent events. Only for independent events is P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B)
For example, it is possible that everyone who ranked Vanilla before Chocolate also ranked Vanilla before Strawberry. In that case, P(Both) will be equal to 1/10, not 1/30.

Tweak the numbers a bit and see that your answer will be incorrect.

In a marketing survey, 600 people were asked to rank three flavors of ice cream, chocolate, vanilla, and strawberry, in order of their preference. All 600 people responded, and no two flavors were ranked equally by any of the people surveyed. If 3/5 of the people ranked vanilla last, 1/8 of them ranked vanilla before chocolate, and 1/3 of them ranked vanilla before strawberry, how many people ranked vanilla first?

2/5th of 600 ranked Vanilla before at least one other i.e. 240 of them.
1/8th ranked V before C i.e. 75
1/3rd ranked V before S i.e. 200

240 = 75 + 200 - Both
Both = 35

But 1/8 * 1/3 = 1/24. 1/24 of 600 is 25. Incorrect.


Video on Probability: https://youtu.be/0BCqnD2r-kY
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In a marketing survey, 60 people were asked to rank three flavors of ice cream, chocolate, vanilla, and strawberry, in order of their preference. All 60 people responded, and no two flavors were ranked equally by any of the people surveyed. If 3/5 of the people ranked vanilla last, 1/10 of them ranked vanilla before chocolate, and 1/3 of them ranked vanilla before strawberry, how many people ranked vanilla first?

A. 2
B. 6
C. 14
D. 16
E. 24

1. 3/5 of the people ranked vanilla last=36 people.
2. 1/10 of them ranked vanilla before chocolate=6 people
3. 1/3 of them ranked vanilla before strawberry=20 people.
If 36 people are ranking vanilla last, that means 60-36=24 people are ahead. So, 24=20+6-both who ranked vanilla first i.e. 26-24=2(A).
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­The easiest and most efficient way to tackle this would be to turn it from a three-group problem into a two-group problem. To do this, we would base everything around vanilla and make the standard two-group matrix with one side showing if vanilla ranks above or below chocolate and the other side if vanilla ranks above or below strawberry.  =11ptAbove Chocolate=11ptNot Above Chocolate =11ptAbove Strawberry
 =11pt(1)=11pt(2)=11pt(5)=11ptNot Above Strawberry=11pt(3)=11pt(4)=11pt(6) =11pt(7)=11pt(8)=11pt= 60
After making the matrix, we can see that box (1) is what we need to solve to answer this question.
Start by filling in the boxes based on the information provided:

Step 1: 3/5 of the people ranked vanilla last = 36 people.  Fill in (4) with 36
Step 2: 1/10 of them ranked vanilla before chocolate = 6 people  Fill in (7) with 6
Step 3: 1/3 of them ranked vanilla before strawberry = 20 people  Fill in (5) with 20

From here, simply solve the rest of the matrix to arrive at the value for box (1). 
Answer = 2

 
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­Found the visual approach useful for this one. ­___
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36 people put vanilla at last.

S C
C S
V V

Now 24 people put vanilla either at the top or in the middle:
We need to find the answer for [1] + [2]
And we know [1] + [2] + [3] + [4] = 24

V V C S
C S V V
S C S C
[1] [2] [3] [4]

1/10 picked vanilla over chocolate V > C. That means 9/10 picked chocolate over vanilla = 54.
If we subtract 36 from 54 we get 18, which is the answer for people who ranked chocolate first and put vanilla in the middle instead of last. This is the answer for column [3]

Similarly, 1/3 picked vanilla over strawberry. Meaning 2/3 picked strawberry over vanilla = 40.
If we subtract 36 from 40 we get 4, which is the answer for people who ranked strawberry first and put vanilla in the middle instead of last. This is the answer for column [4]

[1] + [2] + [3] + [4] = 24
-> [1] + [2] = 24 - 4 - 18 = 2.
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If 3/5 of the people ranked vanilla last, 1/10 of them ranked vanilla before chocolate, and 1/3 of them ranked vanilla before strawberry,

I have hard time understanding this question, in particular the pronoun ''them'' make the question sound very vauge. Who do they mean with them?

Is them the 60 people or is them the 3/5 of the 60 people, which is 36 people?
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Rebaz
If 3/5 of the people ranked vanilla last, 1/10 of them ranked vanilla before chocolate, and 1/3 of them ranked vanilla before strawberry,

I have hard time understanding this question, in particular the pronoun ''them'' make the question sound very vauge. Who do they mean with them?

Is them the 60 people or is them the 3/5 of the 60 people, which is 36 people?

Hi

3/5 of them ranked vanilla the last.....
so chocolate,.....,vanilla

1/10 of them ranked vanilla before chocolate....
So ....vanilla, chocolate..

The above two sets are separate. One chooses vanilla last but other does not choose vanilla last.

Posted from my mobile device
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KarishmaB

I am confused. Shouldn't this explanation only work if the question asked "what is the minimum number of people who must have ranked vanilla as rank 1?". From your explanation, why cant all the people who ranked vanilla before chocolate (6 of them) also have ranked it before chocolate? So from this understanding, the answer can actually vary from 2 to 6 inclusive and B should also be a valid option.

KarishmaB


It's a good question.

Total 60 people.

"3/5 of the people ranked vanilla last"
For 36 people, Vanilla came last. So 24 people ranked it 1st or 2nd.

"1/10 of them ranked vanilla before chocolate"
For 6 people, vanilla came before chocolate

"and 1/3 of them ranked vanilla before strawberry"
For 20 people, vanilla came before strawberry

Note that this forms a sets question:
6 people ranked vanilla before chocolate, 20 people ranked vanilla before strawberry. There are 24 people who ranked vanilla before chocolate or before strawberry or before both. How many ranked vanilla before both?

24 = 6 + 20 - Both
Both = 2

Answer (A)

Check out this post for a discussion on three overlapping sets: https://anaprep.com/sets-statistics-thr ... ping-sets/
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Think about this - Everyone was required to answer so all 60 people answered.
36 people ranked vanilla at the bottom. Ignore them
Rest 24 ranked it in the first or second spot. Those are our universe of interest. All 24 responded.

So 20 ranked vanilla before strawberry and 6 ranked vanilla before chocolate. So the overlap must be of 2. Can the overlap be greater than 2? No. If we increase the overlap, there will some people out of 24 who neither ranked vanilla higher than strawberry nor chocolate. Then how could they have ranked vanilla in second or first position?
Hence the overlap is exactly 2.

KyleKouton
KarishmaB

I am confused. Shouldn't this explanation only work if the question asked "what is the minimum number of people who must have ranked vanilla as rank 1?". From your explanation, why cant all the people who ranked vanilla before chocolate (6 of them) also have ranked it before chocolate? So from this understanding, the answer can actually vary from 2 to 6 inclusive and B should also be a valid option.


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Ah! I get it now. Thanks a lot, Karishma.

Just a related question on this to strengthen my understanding of overlapping sets type questions: Am I correct in my understanding then that if the question didn't mention "All 60 people responded" then the question would be asking "what is the minimum/maximum number of people who must have ranked vanilla as rank 1?" because then we would have wiggle room to adjust people between "vanilla as rank 1" and "didn't respond"?

KarishmaB
Think about this - Everyone was required to answer so all 60 people answered.
36 people ranked vanilla at the bottom. Ignore them
Rest 24 ranked it in the first or second spot. Those are our universe of interest. All 24 responded.

So 20 ranked vanilla before strawberry and 6 ranked vanilla before chocolate. So the overlap must be of 2. Can the overlap be greater than 2? No. If we increase the overlap, there will some people out of 24 who neither ranked vanilla higher than strawberry nor chocolate. Then how could they have ranked vanilla in second or first position?
Hence the overlap is exactly 2.


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