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chesstitans
Joined: 12 Dec 2016
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15 Jan 2018, 08:15
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C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
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53% (02:07) correct
47%
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wrong
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The SeaCare corporation is developing a new emergency inflatable raft intended to hold up to 1500 pounds of cargo while retaining buoyancy in the ocean. The raft has a compact design before the compressed air is deployed, but once deployed in the beta test, it expanded in less than 7 seconds to its full size. In the beta test, the raft remained to float for an extended period with a dry load of 1500 pounds. Surely, if the combined weight of passengers is below 1500 lbs, this raft could keep them afloat in relatively calm ocean waters.
Which of the following would strengthen that argument, in particular, strengthen that conclusion?
(A) their inflation process does not occur in such a way that standers-by could be injured by it.
(B) it would be relatively easy for a passenger in the water to climb up into the raft.
(C) these beta tests were conducted in fresh water which is less dense than salt water.
(D) the combined weight of the passengers would include any life vests they are wearing
(E) in certain areas of the ocean, the pattern of current typically makes a region of the waters relatively wave-free.
Which of the following would strengthen that argument, in particular, strengthen that conclusion?
(A) their inflation process does not occur in such a way that standers-by could be injured by it.
(B) it would be relatively easy for a passenger in the water to climb up into the raft.
(C) these beta tests were conducted in fresh water which is less dense than salt water.
(D) the combined weight of the passengers would include any life vests they are wearing
(E) in certain areas of the ocean, the pattern of current typically makes a region of the waters relatively wave-free.
26 Jan 2018, 16:57
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arvind910619
Dear arvind910619,
I'm the author of this question and I'm happy to respond.
It's important to understand all the words in the prompt--if there's a term that appears in the prompt that you don't know, you really have to understand its precise definition and all its implications.
Here, one critical word is "buoyancy." Superficially, it means "ability to float." Another that appears in choice (C) is "density." This is "the ratio of the mass of an object to the total volume of an object."
Think about what those definitions imply. A substance of very low density, such as styrofoam, would float, while a substance of very high density, such as a solid block of iron, would not float--it would sink immediately. In other words, density has something to do with buoyancy, with whether something floats. That's the general idea of why there's a connection between (C) and the argument.
To understand more precisely, you have to have a basic understanding of physical science--in the US, these mostly likely would be facts taught in middle school (grades 7-8). The density of water is around 1 gram/(cm^3)--in fact, historically, that was the original motivation for the definition of the "gram." If an object has a density greater than the density of water, the object sinks in water; conversely, if an object has a density less than the density of water, the object floats in water--that is to say, it is buoyant. More generally, an object is buoyant in a fluid floats and is buoyant in that fluid if the density of the object is less than the density of the fluid. For example, a solid block of iron will sink in water, but it will float in a vat of mercury, the liquid metal that is even more dense than iron.
Now, let's take this understand back to the CR argument.
(C) these beta tests were conducted in fresh water which is less dense than salt water.
For illustration purposes, let's make up imaginary numbers. Let's say that fresh water has a density of 1.00, and let's pretend that salt water has a density of 1.10. Well, if the raft floated in fresh water, it had to have a density less than 1.00. Any number less than 1.00 is definitely less than 1.10!! (Mathematically, that property is called "transitivity of inequality": if M < N and N < P, then we know M < P.) Therefore, buoyancy in freshwater would be a strong guarantee of buoyancy in salt water. This is why (C) strengthens the argument.
Further real-life connections to (C): I don't know whether you have noticed that it's slightly easier to float and bob in ocean water than it is in, say, a fresh water river or lake. The Dead Sea on the Israel/Jordan border has a particularly high salt content, so much that nothing can live in that water, and correspondingly, a particularly high density, which makes floating almost effortless.
For the GMAT CR, you don't need an expert level of knowledge, but you need to have a familiarity with what I would call the basic facts of the world: basic physical science, basic economics, basic facts about world's political & judicial systems, etc. etc. See:
GMAT Critical Reasoning and Outside Knowledge
Does all this make sense?
Mike
General Discussion
15 Jan 2018, 12:01
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chesstitans
Correct answer must be (C) for the highlighted errors in other options..
