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18 Jul 2020, 23:06
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Sentence Analysis
Certain statisticians have found people other than miners and mill workers to be affected by uranium mining. Mining communities have a higher incidence of birth defects, cancer among children, and altered birth ratios of males and females than non-mining communities.
There are two issues in the sentence:
- 1. The sentence has a meaning problem. The predicate “are higher” doesn’t go with any of the subjects. Neither of the following constructions makes sense:
- 1. Birth defects are much higher in X (“Higher birth defects” doesn’t make sense).
2. Cancer among children is higher in X (“cancer is higher” doesn’t make sense).
3. “Altered birth ratios are higher in X” (“altered ratios are higher” doesn’t make sense)
The correct construction can talk about the incidence of the above three things or can say that these three things occur more frequently in one community than in another community.
2. There is another issue with this sentence: children’s cancer means that we are talking about a specific kind of cancer that is exclusive to children. It makes more sense to say that we are talking about cancer in general among children i.e. cancer among children.
Option Analysis
A. children's cancer, and altered birth ratios of males and females are much higher
Incorrect. For the reasons mentioned above.
B. cancer among children, and altered male and female ratios at birth are much higher
Incorrect. Has the first error of the original sentence. Besides, “male and female ratios” is non-sensical since we don’t have male ratios and female ratios. We have “ratios of males and females”. In addition, “ratios at birth” means that we are calculating the ratios at the time of birth. Birth of whom? No idea!
C. cancer among children, and altered birth ratios of males and females occur much more frequently
Correct.
D. and as a result wood now costs eight times as much to collect and distribute as it did
Incorrect. Repeats both the errors of the original sentence.
E. altered male and female ratios at birth, and cancer among children occur much more
Incorrect. The word ‘frequently’ needs to come after ‘much more’ since we are comparing the frequency of these three problems. Saying “cancer occurs much more in X than in Y” or “altered ratios occur much more in X than in Y” doesn’t make sense.
30 Jul 2020, 12:54
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1. birth defects(Noun),children's cancer(Noun's noun), and altered birth ratios(Noun) => Not parallel
=> The parallelism is maintained in birth defects(noun),cancer(noun)..,and altered birth ratios(noun)
Eliminate options A and D
2. Altered birth ratios vs Altered males and females ratios
=> The second one changes the meaning. The modifier altered' incorrectly modifies males.
Eliminate option B and E
C is the answer.
=> The parallelism is maintained in birth defects(noun),cancer(noun)..,and altered birth ratios(noun)
Eliminate options A and D
2. Altered birth ratios vs Altered males and females ratios
=> The second one changes the meaning. The modifier altered' incorrectly modifies males.
Eliminate option B and E
C is the answer.
30 Jul 2020, 14:43
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buan15 Check out the response from GMATGuruNY above. We can't say that birth defects or cancer are "higher" than something else. What would this mean? We could say that the RATE of these things is higher, but that term isn't used, so we must cut A, B, and D.
