Answer: EStatement (1):
The number of oranges in the basket is twice the number of apples.
Let \( A \) be the number of apples and \( O \) be the number of oranges.
From statement (1), we have:
\[ O = 2A \]
The total number of fruits in the basket is:
\[ A + O = A + 2A = 3A \]
The probability of selecting at least one apple can be found by subtracting the probability of selecting no apples (i.e., selecting two oranges) from 1.
The probability of selecting two oranges without replacement is:
\[ \frac{O}{3A} \times \frac{O-1}{3A-1} = \frac{2A}{3A} \times \frac{2A-1}{3A-1} = \frac{2}{3} \times \frac{2A-1}{3A-1} \]
Therefore, the probability of selecting at least one apple is:
\[ 1 - \left( \frac{2}{3} \times \frac{2A-1}{3A-1} \right) \]
Since \( A \) is an unknown integer, this expression alone does not give a specific numerical probability. Therefore, statement (1) alone is not sufficient to determine the probability.
Statement (2):
If 2 fruits are randomly selected from the basket one after another with replacement, the probability that at least one of them is an apple is \( \frac{5}{9} \).
With replacement, the probability of selecting at least one apple can be calculated as follows:
Let the total number of fruits be \( n \) and the number of apples be \( A \).
The probability of selecting an apple in one draw is:
\[ \frac{A}{n} \]
The probability of not selecting an apple in one draw is:
\[ 1 - \frac{A}{n} = \frac{n-A}{n} \]
The probability of not selecting an apple in both draws (with replacement) is:
\[ \left( \frac{n-A}{n} \right)^2 \]
Therefore, the probability of selecting at least one apple in two draws (with replacement) is:
\[ 1 - \left( \frac{n-A}{n} \right)^2 = \frac{5}{9} \]
Solving for \( \left( \frac{n-A}{n} \right)^2 = \frac{4}{9} \):
\[ \frac{n-A}{n} = \frac{2}{3} \]
\[ n - A = \frac{2n}{3} \]
\[ 3(n - A) = 2n \]
\[ 3n - 3A = 2n \]
\[ n = 3A \]
This implies the same relationship between the number of apples and oranges as given in statement (1): \( O = 2A \).
Since statement (2) also leads to the same conclusion about the ratio of apples to oranges, it does not independently provide sufficient additional information to determine the probability of selecting at least one apple without replacement.
Combining Statements (1) and (2):
Both statements confirm that the total number of fruits is \( 3A \) and the number of oranges is \( 2A \). However, combining these statements does not yield any new information beyond what each statement provides individually.
Thus, we still do not have enough information to determine the exact probability without the specific value of \( A \).
Therefore, the correct answer is:
E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.