People who have habitually slept less than six hours a night and then

Question

People who have habitually slept less than six hours a night and then begin sleeping eight or more hours a night typically begin to feel much less anxious. Therefore, most people who sleep less than six hours a night can probably cause their anxiety levels to fall by beginning to sleep at least eight hours a night.

The reasoning in which one of the following arguments is most similar to that in the argument above?

(A) When a small company first begins to advertise on the Internet, its financial situation generally improves. This shows that most small companies that have never advertised on the Internet can probably improve their financial situation by doing so.

(B) Certain small companies that had never previously advertised on the Internet have found that their financial situations began to improve after they started to do so. So most small companies can probably improve their financial situations by starting to advertise on the Internet.

(C) It must be true that any small company that increases its Internet advertising will improve its financial situation, since most small companies that advertise on the Internet improved their financial situations soon after they first began to do so.

(D) Usually, the financial situation of a small company that has never advertised on the Internet will improve only if that company starts to advertise on the Internet. Therefore, a typical small company that has never advertised on the Internet can probably improve its financial situation by doing so.

(E) A small company’s financial situation usually improves soon after that company first begins to advertise on the Internet. Thus, most small companies that have never advertised on the Internet could probably become financially strong.

globaldesi · Answer

Lets analyse the language of the statement:

People who have habitually slept less than six hours a night and then begin sleeping eight or more hours a night typically begin to feel much less anxious. Therefore, most people who sleep less than six hours a night can probably cause their anxiety levels to fall by beginning to sleep at least eight hours a night.

general trend: 
People who have habitually slept less than six hours a night and then begin sleeping eight or more hours a night typically begin to feel much less anxious.

So probablity is : Therefore, most people who sleep less than six hours a night  can probably  cause their anxiety levels to fall by beginning to sleep at least eight hours a night.

Conclusion if not affirmative.
Exclude all options which are affirmative in nature: B and C are removed.

E doesnt cover the action should be done to help achieve the goal. Without advertising there is no given probability.
E out.

between D and A. 
D uses "only if " hard probability stating that the given condition is the only way to achieve the result. OUT

Leave with A
A is the answer

azamatboden · Answer

could we just judge the statements based on the tone? It's rather odd to exclude B & C based on the only fact that both of them are affirmative. Is there any other explanation, please?

Cheers

silenscold · Answer

@nightblade and other experts please explain how b is wrong in comparison to A

chetan2u · Answer

Let us break this reasoning in simpler terms, so that we can compare with the choices.

People who have habitually slept less than six hours a night(X) and then begin sleeping eight or more hours a night(n(X)) typically begin to feel much less anxious. Therefore, most people who sleep less than six hours a night(X) can probably cause their anxiety levels to fall by beginning to sleep at least eight hours a night(n(X)).

FACT :-  People who do X and then start doing n(X), opposite of X, become less anxious. 
 CONCLUSION :-  Therefore,  most  people who do X  can probably  become less anxious by doing n(X) -  Conclusion talks of MOST and not all, and also talks of a probability, and not a certainty.

The reasoning in which one of the following arguments is most similar to that in the argument above?

Here X is  not advertising,  and n(X) becomes  start advertising 
 FACT :-  A small company that did X, and then started doing n(X) improved its financial situation
 CONCLUSION :-  Therefore,  most  small companies that do X  can probably   improve their financial situation by doing n(X) -  Conclusion talks of MOST and not all, and also talks of a probability, and not a certainty. 
Correct

Here X is  not advertising,  and n(X) becomes  start advertising 
 FACT :-  Certain small company that did X, and then started doing n(X) improved its financial situation. -  Here we are not talking of all small companies but CERTAIN small companies, so different from the original sentence. 
 CONCLUSION :-  Therefore,  most  small companies  that do X   can probably   improve their financial situation by doing n(X) -  Conclusion talks of MOST and not all, and also talks of a probability, and not a certainty. , so a bit of change in the format, as the small companies are now not restricted by essential modifier 'that do X', but the meaning remains same. So a very minor change.
However, the FACT does not talk of all small companies, but only a certain, so NOT correct.

Here X is  not advertising,  and n(X) becomes  start advertising 
 FACT :-  Most small companies that did X, and then started doing n(X) improved their financial situation. -  Here we are not talking of all small companies but MOST small companies, so different from the original sentence. 
 CONCLUSION :-  Therefore,  all  small companies  that do X   must   improve their financial situation by doing n(X) -  Conclusion talks of ALL and not most, and also talks of a certainty(MUST) , and not a probability. 
So, neither the FACT nor the conclusion follow the same structure. Hence, NOT correct.

Usage of USUALLY and ONLY IF makes the choice incorrect.

Usage of USUALLY makes the choice incorrect

A

peanuts · Answer

People who have habitually slept less than six hours a night and then begin sleeping eight or more hours a night typically begin to feel much less anxious. Therefore, most people who sleep less than six hours a night can probably cause their anxiety levels to fall by beginning to sleep at least eight hours a night.

Premise: People with <= 6h of sleeps, when sleep >=8 then typically feel less anxious
Conclusion: most people with <= 6h of sleeps reduce anxiety by sleep >= 8h

The reasoning in which one of the following arguments is most similar to that in the argument above?

(A) When a small company first begins to advertise on the Internet, its financial situation generally improves. This shows that most small companies that have never advertised on the Internet can probably improve their financial situation by doing so. Premise: Small company that has never advertised, when first advertise then its finance generally improve. Conclusion: Most small companies that have never advertised increase finance situation by do advertising

(B) Certain small companies that had never previously advertised on the Internet have found that their financial situations began to improve after they started to do so. So most small companies can probably improve their financial situations by starting to advertise on the Internet. It talks about only certain cases, the stem talks about typical cases

(C) It must be true that any small company that increases its Internet advertising will improve its financial situation, since most small companies that advertise on the Internet improved their financial situations soon after they first began to do so. Stem mentions that in most cases the statement is true. In this answer, it means this relationship is always true

(D) Usually, the financial situation of a small company that has never advertised on the Internet will improve only if that company starts to advertise on the Internet. Therefore, a typical small company that has never advertised on the Internet can probably improve its financial situation by doing so. "only if" is too strong. This relationship is not mentioned in the stem.

(E) A small company’s financial situation usually improves soon after that company first begins to advertise on the Internet. Thus, most small companies that have never advertised on the Internet could probably become financially strong. The stem mentioned that the effect comes when an action is taken, not predict a probability.

mSKR · Answer

A= People who have habitually slept less than six hours a night and
B= then begin sleeping eight or more hours a night 
C= typically begin to feel much less anxious. 
Premises: People who A then do B , C happens

Therefore, 
A= most people who sleep less than six hours a night can 
C= probably cause their anxiety levels to fall 
B= by beginning to sleep at least eight hours a night.

Conclusion: If A, C can happen if do B

The reasoning in which one of the following arguments is most similar to that in the argument above?

A= first ( who have never advertised before)
B= When a small company begins to advertise on the Internet
C = financial situation generally improves
Tone : Some people in general --> most people probably

Option A says: If A , start B then C happens. This shows , If A , C can happen if do B
Matches with our understanding of our premises.
2nd: a small company ( some) generally to most small companies probably - matches tone

OptionB: If A , after start B then C happens. So, C happens if do B( A is not mentioned whether it is suitable for A or not) 
2nd: Tone is changed from certain ( fixed ; not general anymore) to most -- flag alert .

VerbalBot · Answer

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