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16 Dec 2020, 03:28
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Whereas the use of synthetic fertilizers has greatly expanded agricultural productivity in many parts of the world, an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and their substitution for more traditional fertilizers may accelerate soil structure deterioration and soil erosion.
(A) an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and their substitution for more traditional fertilizers Correct answer. No errors.
(B) an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems like water pollution, and if substituted for more traditional fertilizers, it "like" is incorrectly used to provide a specific example. The correct use is "such as". Also, singular pronoun "it" incorrectly refers to plural antecedent "fertilizers". Eliminate.
(C) if these fertilizers are used increasingly, they can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and if used as substitutions for more traditional fertilizers, they "used as" should be followed by a noun, incorrectly followed by a verb "substitutions". Eliminate.
(D) the increased usage of these fertilizers can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, while if substituted for more traditional fertilizers, this substitution "while" unnecessarily brings in a contrast and is incorrectly used before "if". Eliminate.
(E) the increased usage of these fertilizers can create serious environmental problems like water pollution, while their substitution for more traditional fertilizers Same error by using "like" as in (B). Eliminate.
Hope this helps.
(A) an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and their substitution for more traditional fertilizers Correct answer. No errors.
(B) an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems like water pollution, and if substituted for more traditional fertilizers, it "like" is incorrectly used to provide a specific example. The correct use is "such as". Also, singular pronoun "it" incorrectly refers to plural antecedent "fertilizers". Eliminate.
(C) if these fertilizers are used increasingly, they can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and if used as substitutions for more traditional fertilizers, they "used as" should be followed by a noun, incorrectly followed by a verb "substitutions". Eliminate.
(D) the increased usage of these fertilizers can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, while if substituted for more traditional fertilizers, this substitution "while" unnecessarily brings in a contrast and is incorrectly used before "if". Eliminate.
(E) the increased usage of these fertilizers can create serious environmental problems like water pollution, while their substitution for more traditional fertilizers Same error by using "like" as in (B). Eliminate.
Hope this helps.
30 Aug 2021, 13:09
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Aside from grammar issues, C is wrong because of meaning as well. It uses conditional if saying that if the pesticides are used increasingly, blah blah will happen. But we already know from the preceding whereas clause that pesticide use has increased. We don't need use a conditional to reintroduce what is already stated, but we need to show the result of the situation explained by the preceding whereas clause...something that A does well.
29 Apr 2022, 22:25
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As others have mentioned, the use of 'like' for introducing an example is definitely wrong on the GMAT, so we get (B) & (E) easy eliminations. But I'll try to elaborate on errors in the other answer choices.
(A) an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and their substitution for more traditional fertilizers - It's tough to decide on this answer choice when one reads it before the other choices, but it is clearly free of all the errors in the other ones!
(B) an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems like water pollution, and if substituted for more traditional fertilizers, it - Incorrect use of 'Like' to introduce an example. The use of 'it' might be ambiguous. Not sure.
(C) if these fertilizers are used increasingly, they can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and if used as substitutions for more traditional fertilizers, they - 'Used increasingly' is an extremely awkward way of communicating the same thing that other choices do by using 'an increase in their use' or 'the increased usage of these fertilizers'. Also, I think the bigger issue is with the phrase 'they can create', which changes the meaning of the sentence. The sentence should imply that an increase in the use of fertilizers causes problems, not that the fertilizers themselves cause problems. Lastly, the 'used as substitutions' should be replaced by 'used as substitutes'.
(D) the increased usage of these fertilizers can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, while if substituted for more traditional fertilizers, this substitution - I don't think 'the increased usage' is necessarily wrong here. It makes sense to say that the increased usage can create problems. But I'm not sold on the use of 'while' here. The first half of the sentence outlines a positive impacts of fertilizers. 'Whereas' in the beginning sets up a contrast to follow, with two points in the underlined portion highlighting two negative impact of fertilizers, separated neatly by 'and'. Replacing 'and' with 'while' needlessly makes the reader anticipate another contrast that does not exist. Also, there is no need to repeat 'substitute' twice, (A) presents a much cleaner way to communicate the same thing.
(E) the increased usage of these fertilizers can create serious environmental problems like water pollution, while their substitution for more traditional fertilizers - Incorrect use of 'Like' to introduce an example. Same problem with the use of 'while' as in (D).
(A) an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and their substitution for more traditional fertilizers - It's tough to decide on this answer choice when one reads it before the other choices, but it is clearly free of all the errors in the other ones!
(B) an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems like water pollution, and if substituted for more traditional fertilizers, it - Incorrect use of 'Like' to introduce an example. The use of 'it' might be ambiguous. Not sure.
(C) if these fertilizers are used increasingly, they can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and if used as substitutions for more traditional fertilizers, they - 'Used increasingly' is an extremely awkward way of communicating the same thing that other choices do by using 'an increase in their use' or 'the increased usage of these fertilizers'. Also, I think the bigger issue is with the phrase 'they can create', which changes the meaning of the sentence. The sentence should imply that an increase in the use of fertilizers causes problems, not that the fertilizers themselves cause problems. Lastly, the 'used as substitutions' should be replaced by 'used as substitutes'.
(D) the increased usage of these fertilizers can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, while if substituted for more traditional fertilizers, this substitution - I don't think 'the increased usage' is necessarily wrong here. It makes sense to say that the increased usage can create problems. But I'm not sold on the use of 'while' here. The first half of the sentence outlines a positive impacts of fertilizers. 'Whereas' in the beginning sets up a contrast to follow, with two points in the underlined portion highlighting two negative impact of fertilizers, separated neatly by 'and'. Replacing 'and' with 'while' needlessly makes the reader anticipate another contrast that does not exist. Also, there is no need to repeat 'substitute' twice, (A) presents a much cleaner way to communicate the same thing.
(E) the increased usage of these fertilizers can create serious environmental problems like water pollution, while their substitution for more traditional fertilizers - Incorrect use of 'Like' to introduce an example. Same problem with the use of 'while' as in (D).
