While scholars debate the significance of social and economic factors

The key to soving the problem is to maintain the parallelism

A. smelting pig iron with coke in blast furnaces
a macjine is required not an action therefore out

B. the blast furnaces for smelting pig iron with coke
Exactly maintains the parallelism therefore our answer

C. the use of blast furnaces in order to smelt pig iron with coke
B maintains the parallelism therefore out

D. the smelting of pig iron with coke in blast furnaces
This is an action therefore out

E. pig iron being smelt in blast furnaces with coke
Being is a huge red flag and never has been the answer therefore out

Therefore IMO B

While scholars debate the significance of social and economic factors leading to the industrial revolution, there can be no doubt that technological innovations such as the spinning jenny, the power loom, smelting pig iron with coke in blast furnaces, and the steam engine played a key role.

A. smelting pig iron with coke in blast furnaces- Parallelism error. Incorrect
B. the blast furnaces for smelting pig iron with coke - Correct. Corrects the parallelism error.
C. the use of blast furnaces in order to smelt pig iron with coke- Parallelism error. Incorrect
D. the smelting of pig iron with coke in blast furnaces- Parallelism error. Incorrect
E. pig iron being smelt in blast furnaces with coke- Parallelism error. Incorrect

IMO B

While scholars debate the significance of social and economic factors leading to the industrial revolution, there can be no doubt that technological innovations such as the spinning jenny, the power loom, smelting pig iron with coke in blast furnaces, and the steam engine played a key role.

Here three items in the list is not underlined and one item is. So, we have to make sure that all the items are of same type and hence maintain parallelism.

We have:

spinning jenny, : Noun - example of innovation
the power loom, : Noun - example of innovation
smelting pig iron with coke in blast furnaces, and ( ing participle describing an action. In this case the example is the blast furnace and smelting pig iron is something that done in the furnace. Smelting itself is not the example. So we have to look for the answer that conveys the correct meaning and is parallel.
the steam engine : Noun - example of innovation


A. smelting pig iron with coke in blast furnaces : Eliminate for reason mentioned above
B. the blast furnaces for smelting pig iron with coke : Correct for reason mentioned above
C. the use of blast furnaces in order to smelt pig iron with coke : Eliminate for reason mentioned above
D. the smelting of pig iron with coke in blast furnaces: Eliminate for reason mentioned above
E. pig iron being smelt in blast furnaces with coke: Eliminate for reason mentioned above

The underlined portion of the sentence is part of the list that has to be in parallel with the other items in the list(non-underlined). Note that each item(non-underlined) in the list begins with the article, 'the'. So to maintain parallel structure, every item in the list should begin with 'the'.


A. smelting pig iron with coke in blast furnaces

Article, 'the' is missing and not parallel. Eliminate.

B. the blast furnaces for smelting pig iron with coke
This is correct with the article, the, and the item 'blast furnace'. 'for smelting pig iron with coke' is just the modifier of the item. So, the answer choice is B

C. the use of blast furnaces in order to smelt pig iron with coke
'The use of blast furnaces' is not parallel with other list items. Eliminate.

D. the smelting of pig iron with coke in blast furnaces
'The smelting of pig iron' is not parallel with other list items. Eliminate.

E. pig iron being smelt in blast furnaces with coke
The process, 'pig iron being smelt' is not parallel with other list items. Eliminate.

Correct Option : B

Sentence exam on :
- Parallelism list of Noun
- Modifier the technology innovation to list of equipment

While scholars debate
(the significance of social and economic factors) leading to the industrial revolution,
there can be no doubt that technological innovations
such as
- the spinning jenny,
- the power loom,
- smelting pig iron with coke in blast furnaces, and
- the steam engine played a key role.

A. smelting pig iron with coke in blast furnaces
Flaw
- it Modifies smelling pigs, which is a verb, we need noun modifier.
- breaks parallelism list by use of Noun, Noun, Verb, and Noun

B. the blast furnaces for smelting pig iron with coke
Improvement
- Modify The Blast furnace, which is noun
- Parallelism is maintained with list of verb, with "the" article.

C. the use of blast furnaces in order to smelt pig iron with coke
Flaw :
- it modify Verb "Use of"
- Parallelism is not maintained

D. the smelting of pig iron with coke in blast furnaces
Flaw :
- it modify the verb "smelting of", grammatical, "the" article used to introduce verb smelting is wrong too.
- Parallelism not maintained

E. pig iron being smelt in blast furnaces with coke
Flaw
- Pig iron is a product, and above list don't compare with product but makes a list of parallelism of equipment.
- sentence also try to mean - Pig iron smelt in blast on their own with coke due to word "being"

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While scholars debate the significance of social and economic factors leading to the industrial revolution, there can be no doubt that technological innovations such as the spinning jenny, the power loom, smelting pig iron with coke in blast furnaces, and the steam engine played a key role.

Parrallelism testing. => A, E: Out right away
The spinning jenny, the power loom = physical things
A. smelting pig iron with coke in blast furnaces
B. the blast furnaces for smelting pig iron with coke
C. the use of blast furnaces in order to smelt pig iron with coke --> "the use of..." = abstract noun. It's not parallel in terms of meaning
D. the smelting of pig iron with coke in blast furnaces --> "the smelting..." is more about ways of using sth. It's not parallel in terms of meaning
E. pig iron being smelt in blast furnaces with coke


IMO: B

While scholars debate the significance of social and economic factors leading to the industrial revolution, there can be no doubt that technological innovations such as the spinning jenny, the power loom, smelting pig iron with coke in blast furnaces, and the steam engine played a key role.

spinning jenny, : Noun - thing - example of innovation
the power loom, : Noun - thing - example of innovation

A. smelting pig iron with coke in blast furnaces=> Eliminate
B. the blast furnaces for smelting pig iron with coke => Thing => Good parallel
C. the use of blast furnaces in order to smelt pig iron with coke => Noun - An Action => Eliminate
D. the smelting of pig iron with coke in blast furnaces => Method => Eliminate
E. pig iron being smelt in blast furnaces with coke => Eliminate

IMO B

Hi Bunuel, I don't think the explanation given for option D matches the answer choice. For that reason option B makes a better choice even though one could argue that it changes the meaning.

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