Winship estimates that the three largest carriers - Delta, United

Question

Winship estimates that the three largest carriers - Delta, United, and American - each  generate roughly $1 billion annually from the sale of frequent-flier miles to  hotels, rental-car companies, and others offering points-for-miles to their customers

A) generate roughly $1 billion annually from the sale of frequent-flier miles to
B) generates roughly $1 billion annually from the sale of frequent-flier miles to
C) from the sale of frequent-flier miles generates roughly $1 billion annually per year,
D) from the sale of frequent-flier miles generate roughly $1 billion annually for
E) generate roughly $1 billion annually from the sale of frequent-flier miles,

himanshumalhotra1990 · Answer

Doesn't the presence of 'each' call for a singular verb form 'generates' instead of 'generate'? Please explain.

kushalchahal · Answer

B

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kivalo · Answer

Yes, there is a rule for each, but here it just does not make sense to apply it, although I am not sure that I fully understand why this is the case.
My take is that the issue is that each.. here is not the subject. The subjet is ' the three largest carrier s  '.
 the three largest carrier s  create, obviously.

If the subject was 'each of Delta, United, and American', then we would have to say: Each of Delta, United, and American creates...

VyshakhR1995 · Answer

That is one of the concept tested in this question
When Each is followed by a plural subject----Then Singular verb should be used
Each Plural noun----->Singular verb

But if each is followed by the plural subject----->Plural verb 
Plural Noun___Each ____Plural verb

Same applies for Every
Hope it helps

GMATNinja · Answer

Ooh, this is a tricky little thing that e-GMAT is testing here. Nice question!

VyshakhR1995's explanation is spot-on. If you like grammar terminology, you could also think of it this way: when "each" is used as a pronoun, it's always singular:

Each  of my dogs  eats  four pounds of Alpo daily.

But "each" can also be an adverb:

My dogs eat four pounds of Alpo each. --> "each" is just an adverb, modifying "eat"
My dogs each eat four pounds of Alpo. --> "each" is still just an adverb, and "dogs" is still the (plural) subject

You don't see this a whole lot on the GMAT, fortunately. In most of the official questions, "each" is a (singular) pronoun. But what e-GMAT has done here is fair game: "each" is an adverb in this example, and "carriers" is the (plural) subject for the verb "generate."

techiesam · Answer

I would like to offer my two cents,

There is a very easy rule for "each" and "every" - they are always grammatically singular! Even though the idea of them is plural, we always use the singular verb.

Each student has a book.
Every teacher is extremely helpful.

Even though we mean all of the students and all of the teachers, the words "each" and "every" refer to each individual student and each individual teacher. So, our verb is matching that idea of every single student and teacher.

Be careful with "each of" because the noun that will follow will be plural, and it's very tempting to match the verb to the plural noun.

Each of the students has a book.

The three apples each WERE

Now here, "each" is used as an adverb. Our subject is "apples," and the adverb "each" tells us that we want to think about the apples individually.

The three apples were each $1.

Without "each," I think that it cost $1 to buy all three apples. But when I add "each," I know that individually the three apples were $1 - altogether it cost $3 for the three apples.

Please help with Kudos if the post has helped... :-D

arunavamunshi1988 · Answer

I am between A and E..... Can anyone please give me the meaning analysis of this sentence... I am not sure why E is wrong.

raoshahb · Answer

There are two concepts tested in this question.

1. Each 
a. Each + Subject ==> Always singular
b. Subject + Each ==> Verb follows subject

In this question subject is "Three largest carriers ". Each is used after the subject. Hence verb is plural because subject is plural.

2. Idiom : From X to Y

X and Y should be parallel. In A both X and Y are noun. In E wrong idiom is used.

kannu44 · Answer

I would like to offer my two cents,

There is a very easy rule for "each" and "every" - they are always grammatically singular! Even though the idea of them is plural, we always use the singular verb.

Each student has a book.
Every teacher is extremely helpful.

Even though we mean all of the students and all of the teachers, the words "each" and "every" refer to each individual student and each individual teacher.  So, our verb is matching that idea of every single student and teacher.

Be careful with "each of" because the noun that will follow will be plural, and it's very tempting to match the verb to the plural noun.

Each of the students has a book.

The three apples each WERE

Now here, "each" is used as an adverb. Our subject is "apples," and the adverb "each" tells us that we want to think about the apples individually.

The three apples were each $1.

Without "each," I think that it cost $1 to buy all three apples. But when I add "each," I know that individually the three apples were $1 - altogether it cost $3 for the three apples.

I agree. this is as per mgmat.

VyshakhR1995 · Answer

Can you identify the parallel elements In E
This will help you to eliminate E

rahimk7 · Answer

Answer Choice B)
Eliminates SV error

Each generates roughly.

Answer C has redundancy error

Annually and per year .

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leanhdung · Answer

Winship estimates that the three largest  carriers  - Delta, United, and American - each  generate roughly $1 billion annually from the sale of frequent-flier miles to  hotels, rental-car companies, and others offering points-for-miles to their customers

A) generate roughly $1 billion annually  from the sale of  frequent-flier miles  to

B)  generates  roughly $1 billion annually from the sale of frequent-flier miles to

C) from the sale of frequent-flier miles generates roughly $1 billion annually per year,
--> fragment.

D) from the sale of frequent-flier miles generate roughly $1 billion annually for
--> fragment.

E) generate roughly $1 billion annually from the sale of frequent-flier miles,

sriramkrishnan · Answer

Subject of the sentence is "Delta, United, and American". This is a plural subject. Each after the plural subject will have a plural verb.

Each before the plural subject will have a singular verb.

Eg: Winship estimates that   each   of the three largest carriers - Delta, United, and American - generates roughly $1billion annually from the sale of frequent-flier miles to hotels, rental-car companies, and others offering points-for-miles to their customers

AmbivertPerson · Answer

Can you explain "Each after the plural subject will have a plural verb."? I know what you are saying is correct, however I am not convinced that each after plural subject should be plural.

I found the below examples:

Ex1. The four largest truck fleets each account for at least twenty percent of market share.
Ex2. Bucksbaum and Auckman each boost voting stakes in General Growth.

How is Ex2 different from "Bucksbaum and Auckman  both  boost voting stakes in General Growth."? I mean can we replace each with both/all?

AjiteshArun · Answer

You're looking at this the wrong way.  Each  is  not  going plural here. It is simply that  each  is not forming the subject. The subject is plural, and the verb agrees with that (plural) subject.

AmbivertPerson · Answer

Thanks for the response  AjiteshArun . My understanding is clear now. Each after the subject is used as an adverb and does not represent the subject.

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Winship estimates that the three largest carriers - Delta, United

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