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11 Dec 2023, 07:00
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12 Days of Christmas 🎅 GMAT Competition with Lots of Questions & Fun
Electroconvulsive therapy, a longstanding method for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders considerable controversy due to its association with now outdated and unreliable forms of psychiatric treatment.
(A) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders
(B) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders, involves the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain and is now administered sparingly because it engenders
(C) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because of engendering
(D) to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders that involves the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders
(E) to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, which is now administered sparingly, engenders
Electroconvulsive therapy, a longstanding method for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders considerable controversy due to its association with now outdated and unreliable forms of psychiatric treatment.
(A) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders
(B) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders, involves the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain and is now administered sparingly because it engenders
(C) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because of engendering
(D) to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders that involves the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders
(E) to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, which is now administered sparingly, engenders
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11 Dec 2023, 08:30
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Bunuel
Experts' Global Official Explanation:
Verb Forms + Meaning + Modifiers
Understanding the intended meaning is key to solving this question; the intended meaning of this sentence is that electroconvulsive therapy is a longstanding method for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders by passing 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain and is now administered sparingly because it engenders considerable controversy.
- • Information that is permanent in nature is best conveyed through the simple present tense.
• “who/whose/whom/which/where”, when preceded by a comma, refer to the noun just before the comma.
A. Trap. This answer choice incorrectly modifies “psychiatric disorders” with “involving the passing of 800 milliamperes…”, illogically implying that electroconvulsive therapy is a longstanding method to treat those psychiatric disorders that involve the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain; the intended meaning is that electroconvulsive therapy is a longstanding method to treat psychiatric disorders through the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain.
B. Correct. This answer choice correctly modifies “Electroconvulsive therapy” with “involves the passing of 800 milliamperes … and is now administered sparingly”, conveying the intended meaning of the sentence- that electroconvulsive therapy is a longstanding method for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders by passing 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain and is now administered sparingly because it engenders considerable controversy. Further, Option B correctly uses the simple present tense verb “engenders” to convey information that is permanent in nature.
C. This answer choice incorrectly modifies “psychiatric disorders” with “involving the passing of 800 milliamperes…”, incorrectly implying that electroconvulsive therapy is a longstanding method to treat those psychiatric disorders that involve the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain; the intended meaning is that electroconvulsive therapy is a longstanding method to treat psychiatric disorders through the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain. Further, Option C incorrectly uses the present participle (“verb+ing” – “endangering” in this sentence) construction “because of engendering” to convey information that is permanent in nature; please remember, information that is permanent in nature is best conveyed through the simple present tense.
D. This answer choice incorrectly modifies “psychiatric disorders” with “that involves the passing of 800 milliamperes…”, illogically implying that electroconvulsive therapy is a longstanding method to treat those psychiatric disorders that involve the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain; the intended meaning is that electroconvulsive therapy is a longstanding method to treat psychiatric disorders through the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain.
E. Trap. This answer choice incorrectly modifies “psychiatric disorders” with “involving the passing of 800 milliamperes…”, illogically implying that electroconvulsive therapy is a longstanding method to treat those psychiatric disorders that involve the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain; the intended meaning is that electroconvulsive therapy is a longstanding method to treat psychiatric disorders through the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain. Further, Option E incorrectly modifies “the brain” with “which is now administered sparingly”, illogically implying that the brain is administered sparingly; the intended meaning is that electroconvulsive therapy is now administered sparingly; please remember, “who/whose/whom/which/where”, when preceded by a comma, refer to the noun just before the comma.
B is the best answer choice.
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Video Explanation:
General Discussion
11 Dec 2023, 07:12
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Bunuel
(A) Incorrect - This suggests that the psychiatric disorders themselves involve the passing of electricity through the brain however electricity passing is part of the treatment and not the disorders.
(B) This option correctly separates the treatment method (passing of electricity) from the disorders it intends to treat. 'Because' here is correctly used to introduce reason for administration of the treatment. 'Involves' here is also correct.
(C) Incorrect - Like (A) this suggests that the disorders involve the passing of electricity. The phrase "because of engendering" is also vague
(D) Incorrect - This suggests that the disorders involve the passing of electricity. In addition, "that" should refer to "disorders" is plural but "involves" is singular.
(E) Incorrect - This suggests that the passing of electricity is what is now administered sparingly. In addition "which is now administered sparingly" should refer to the treatment as a whole and not just the passing of electricity.
