12 Days of Christmas GMAT Competition - Day 1: Electroconvulsive

Electroconvulsive therapy,
a longstanding method for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders
involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain,
is now administered sparingly,
because it engenders considerable controversy
due to its association with now outdated and unreliable forms of psychiatric treatment.

Usage of involving is ambiguous

Usage of and is redundant and incorrect

Usage of involving is ambiguous
Usage of because of engendering is incorrect

Concise and correct

Usage of involving is ambiguous
which does not refer to the brain.

IMO D

Electroconvulsive therapy, a longstanding method for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders considerable controversy due to its association with now outdated and unreliable forms of psychiatric treatment.

(A) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders ~ Incorrect, it is not the psychiatric disorders which involves the passing of 800 mA of electricity through the brain, it is the therapy.Meaning Error.

(B) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders, involves the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain and is now administered sparingly because it engenders ~ Correct.

(C) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because of engendering ~ Incorrect, it is not the psychiatric disorders which involves the passing of 800 mA of electricity through the brain, it is the therapy.Meaning Error.

(D) to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders that involves the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders ~ Incorrect, it is not the psychiatric disorders which involves the passing of 800 mA of electricity through the brain, it is the therapy. Meaning Error.
Also,"to treat" is used to talk about the action, which is not the correct usage here. We are talking about a noun "E-Therapy", hence adjective "for treating" is the correct usage.

(E) to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, which is now administered sparingly, engenders ~ Incorrect, it is not the psychiatric disorders which involving the passing of 800 mA of electricity through the brain, it is the therapy. Meaning Error.
Also, "to treat" is used to talk about the action. which is not the correct usage here. We are talking about a noun "E-Therapy", hence adjective "for treating" is the correct usage.

IMO B.

Electroconvulsive therapy, a longstanding method for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders considerable controversy due to its association with now outdated and unreliable forms of psychiatric treatment.

Below marked(in RED) are error in options

(A) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders.....Disorder does not involve passing of..xyz
(B) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders, involves the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain and is now administered sparingly because it engenders...CORRECT
(C) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because of engendering...same as A
(D) to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders that involves the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders ....FOR is correct in place of "TO" also disorder(THAT) does not includes passing of....
(E) to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, which is now administered sparingly, engenders...Same as D

ANS B

Answer B checked the following boxes for me to appear as the right answer:

-uses commas to split up the point that it is a longstanding method. It also keeps the same tense for 'involves' and 'engenders.' It also leaves 'administered sparingly' and 'because it engenders' intact without a comma separating the last clause into two.

Electroconvulsive therapy, a longstanding method for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders considerable controversy due to its association with now outdated and unreliable forms of psychiatric treatment.

(A) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders
Involving incorrectly modifies disorder

(B) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders, involves the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain and is now administered sparingly because it engenders
Correct . It changes the modifier to a verb correctly

(C) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because of engendering
Involving incorrectly modifies disorder

(D) to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders that involves the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders
That incorrectly modifies disorders

(E) to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, which is now administered sparingly, engenders
Involving incorrectly modifies disorder

Ans B

It is option B. We will reject options C, D and E as they use the preposition "to" instead of "for". This leaves us with options A and B. Option A is a bit unclear as it states that the therapy is used for treating disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain. This leaves us to wonder if the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity is due to the treatment or the disorder. Hence, the correct answer is option B.

(A) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders. This seems like the passing of 800 milliamps is attached to the psychiatric disorder, so this is wrong.
(B) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders, involves the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain and is now administered sparingly because it engenders. The comma after disorders allows the reader to see that the 800 milliamperes applies to electroconvulsive therapy.. I picked B
(C) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because of engendering. Same as A
(D) to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders that involves the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders. This sounds like a run-on sentence, prefer B
(E) to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, which is now administered sparingly, engenders. Same as A

SV Agreement
Right Answer: Therapy involves
The parallelism mantain:
Involves and is now

Right Option: B

B.

All other options seem to say incorrectly that psychiatric disorders involve passing of electricity through the brain.

Answer: (B)

(A): Descriptor for "electroconvulsive therapy" is too long/inaccurate.
(B): Correct. No grammatical errors.
(C): "Because of engendering" - incorrect.
(D): Wrong preposition.
(E): Wrong preposition.

Electroconvulsive therapy, a longstanding method for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders considerable controversy due to its association with now outdated and unreliable forms of psychiatric treatment.

"involving the passing of 800 milliamperes....." is modifying "E therapy". However, in options A, C and E it is placed incorrectly

(A) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders
Incorrect - due to incorrect placement of modifier "involving the passing of 800 milliamperes....."
(B) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders, involves the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain and is now administered sparingly because it engenders
Correct - E therapy involves (V) .... and is (V) now .... - both verbs are parallel.
(C) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because of engendering
Incorrect - as in A.
(D) to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders that involves the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders
Incorrect - the modifier that involves the passing of... modifying "E therapy" is incorrectly placed.
(E) to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, which is now administered sparingly, engenders
Incorrect - in addition to issue in A, Change in meaning is also observed.
Answer B

Electroconvulsive therapy, a longstanding method for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders considerable controversy due to its association with now outdated and unreliable forms of psychiatric treatment.

(A) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders- Seems Correct
(B) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders, involves the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain and is now administered sparingly because it engenders - Involves is verb so wrong
(C) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because of engendering - wrong usage of because of
(D) to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders that involves the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders - To treat is wrong
(E) to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, which is now administered sparingly, engenders - Same as D

Ans. (D) to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders that involves the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders.

Electroconvulsive therapy, a longstanding method for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders considerable controversy due to its association with now outdated and unreliable forms of psychiatric treatment.

Answer: D

Pattern: Subject - Electroconvulsive therapy .., <describe more about therapy, <verb> -> Eliminate B, E for not providing the direct verb
Clarity -> because it engenders or because of engendering? engender is verb and engendering is gerund/present participle to denote the ongoing action of the verb. Eliminate C

For treating or to treat - > both are alright here.

(A) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders - does 'involving' modify psychiatric disorders or does it modify therapy? , because it should modify therapy and modification is not clear here so would eliminate this choice.

(B) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders, involves the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain and is now administered sparingly because it engenders - No verb before 'and'

(C) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because of engendering

(D) to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders that involves the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders
here 'that' modifies the therapy. D is the best answer .

(E) to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, which is now administered sparingly, engenders - therapy which is now , expect something before which ... also which is usually used for describing optional aspects, however, we need the main verb directly following the therapy.

(A) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders
'psychiatric disorders involving...' makes it look like the disorders themselves involve passing of electricity.

(B) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders, involves the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain and is now administered sparingly because it engenders
Correct Option

(C) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because of engendering
Same problem as A. Also, 'because of engendering' is unidiomatic.

(D) to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders that involves the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because it engenders
SV error. It should be involve. Also, the meaning is different.

(E) to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, which is now administered sparingly, engenders
'which is now...' makes it sound as if brain is now administered sparingly.

B is the answer.

(C) for treating a variety of psychiatric disorders involving the passing of 800 milliamperes of electricity through the brain, is now administered sparingly, because of engendering

method for is correct idiom here so eliminate D & E.

B can be eliminated because of not true independent structure
C can be eliminated "because of " is not clear that it is talking of engendered species

So A should be answer