According to United States census data, while there was about one-third of mothers with young children working outside the home in 1975, in 2000, almost two-thirds of those mothers were employed outside the home . (A) while there was about one-third of mothers with young children working outside the home in 1975, in 2000, almost two-thirds of those mothers were employed outside the home (B) there were about one-third of mothers with young children who worked outside the home in 1975; in 2000, almost two-thirds of those mothers were employed outside the home (C) in 1975 about one-third of mothers with young children worked outside the home; in 2000, almost two-thirds of such mothers were employed outside the home (D) even though in 1975 there were about one-third of mothers with young children who worked outside the home, almost two-thirds of such mothers were employed outside the home in 2000 (E) with about one-third of mothers with young children working outside the home in 1975, almost two-thirds of such mothers were employed outside the home in 2000 SC04732 https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/s/schlosser-fast.html?mcubz=3 The extraordinary growth of the fast food industry has been driven by fundamental changes in American society. Adjusted for inflation, the hourly wage of the average U.S. worker peaked in 1973 and then steadily declined for the next twenty-five years. During that period, women entered the workforce in record numbers, often motivated less by a feminist perspective than by a need to pay the bills. In 1975, about one-third of American mothers with young children worked outside the home; today almost two-thirds of such mothers are employed . As the sociologists Cameron Lynne Macdonald and Carmen Sirianni have noted, the entry of so many women into the workforce has greatly increased demand for the types of services that housewives traditionally perform: cooking, cleaning, and child care. A generation ago, three-quarters of the money used to buy food in the United States was spent to prepare meals at home. Today about half of the money used to buy food is spent at restaurants - mainly at fast food restaurants.

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According to United States census data, while there was about one-thir

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09 May 2022, 11:17

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DmitryFarber

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SUCH mothers = the kind of mothers mentioned before
THOSE mothers = the EXACT SAME mothers mentioned before (the ones from 1975!)

The word "those" can work differently when we add a modifier. For instance, if I say "the teachers in our city earn more money than those in most large US cities," then THOSE refers only to TEACHERS, and we apply the modifier that follows (in most large US cities). But if I say "The teachers at my elementary school were paid well, but THOSE TEACHERS were more highly-trained than the average teacher," then THOSE TEACHERS is referring specifically to the teachers at my elementary school at the time in question.

Does this mean both "those mothers" and "such mothers" are referring to same mothers and both are right way?

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Hi guys,
I was simply curious about the function of "the" in "the home". I know intuitively this is the right form of saying it but grammatically I'm rather confused since it does not align with my understanding of specificity of "the" as an article. I guess my question is: why "outside the home" is preferred to "outside home" even though it is referring to a general concept.

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10 Oct 2022, 03:56

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The GMAT does not test the presence or absence of individual instances of a, an, or the.
You might need to consider such words if they're in a relationship with other words—e.g., as parts of parallel structures—but not otherwise.

(There's no simple general answer to the question you're asking here, by the way. The boundaries between "NOUN" and "the NOUN", when both constructions are valid, are unique to each individual NOUN.)

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egmat , just like 'who' can modify either children or mothers in options B and D,creating ambiguity,
Can we say the same thing about the ing modifier(working outside the home) in option A?

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Taulark1

egmat , just like 'who' can modify either children or mothers in options B and D,creating ambiguity,
Can we say the same thing about the ing modifier(working outside the home) in option A?

Hey Taulark1

Thank you for the query.

Yes, we indeed can.

As explained by Shraddha in this response, relative clauses can jump over immediately preceding nouns to modify far-away nouns. Hence, we must ALWAYS rely on contextual clues (a.k.a LOGIC) to identify the valid antecedent/modified entity.

The same applies to verb-ing and verb-ed modifiers as well. They too can jump over immediately preceding nouns and modify far-away nouns. Here too we need to rely on logic to identify the valid antecedent.

Here is an article on "Far-away-noun Modification", in case you're new to this concept.

And here is an official question that will test you on identifying the logical antecedent of relative clauses and verb-ed/verb-ing modifiers.

Finally, coming back to our question, yes, the modifier 'working outside the home' in choice A can refer to either "children" or "one-third of mothers". Now, the context does suggest that the logical modified entity should be "one-third of certain mothers", especially from the succeeding clause. But, since the whole part is underlined, it's necessary to find a choice that conveys the intended meaning elegantly and correctly.

I hope this helps improve your understanding.

Happy Learning!

Abhishek

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egmat <3 thanks for the response!!

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According to United States census data, while there was about one-third of mothers with young children working outside the home in 1975, in 2000, almost two-thirds of those mothers were employed outside the home.

(A) while there was about one-third of mothers with young children working outside the home in 1975, in 2000, almost two-thirds of those mothers were employed outside the home

- SV issue. "was" doesn't agree with plural subject "one-third of mothers"
- Seems as if children were working outside.
- "those mothers" refers to the same mothers which is wrong.

(B) there were about one-third of mothers with young children who worked outside the home in 1975; in 2000, almost two-thirds of those mothers were employed outside the home

- "who" refers to children which is wrong
- "those mothers" wrong.

(C) in 1975 about one-third of mothers with young children worked outside the home; in 2000, almost two-thirds of such mothers were employed outside the home - ok

(D) even though in 1975 there were about one-third of mothers with young children who worked outside the home, almost two-thirds of such mothers were employed outside the home in 2000

- "who" refers to children which is wrong

(E) with about one-third of mothers with young children working outside the home in 1975, almost two-thirds of such mothers were employed outside the home in 2000

- "with" means that the first "one-third of mothers with young children working outside the home in 1975" and second "two-thirds of such mothers were employed outside the home in 2000" happened at the same time which is wrong.