Quote:
Once the physiological effects and anesthetic qualities of diethyl ether were demonstrated
and with its superiority to chloroform being proved by William Morton, the medical community rapidly adopted it as the anesthetic of choice.
(A) and with its superiority to chloroform being
(B) and its superiority to chloroform
(C) and its superiority over chloroform had been
(D) its superiority over chloroform
(E) with its superiority to chloroform having been
The sentence is supposed to be:
Once
the physiological effects and anesthetic qualities of diethyl ether were demonstrated and
its superiority to chloroform (were) proved by William Morton, the medical community rapidly adopted it as the anesthetic of choice.
"were" can be omitted since we already have "were" in the first part i.e. before the "and". Notice that this part "once ..." like a hypothesis => use "were"
"
its superiority to chloroform (was) proved by William Morton" is perfectly parallel to "
the physiological effects and anesthetic qualities of diethyl ether were demonstrated"
Thus keep B.
A out since a clause cant be parallel to a modifier (with phrase).
C out because:
superiority should go with to
past perfect tense is incorrect. the tense here should be the same as "were demonstrated" - simple past tense
D is ridiculous. no conjunction or anything to connect the clause "the physiological effects and anesthetic qualities of diethyl ether were demonstrated" and the noun phrase "its superiority over chloroform[/u] proved by William Morton". Also "superiority over".
the physiological effects and anesthetic qualities of diethyl ether were demonstrated
its superiority over chloroform proved by William Morton
(E) with its superiority to chloroform having been
meaning: "the physiological effects and anesthetic qualities of diethyl ether were demonstrated" and "its superiority to chloroform were proven" play the equal role in the sentence => B is better than E
grammar: placement of the modifier "with its superiority to chloroform having been proved by William Morton" makes it ambiguous
E out
Answer: B