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Once the physiological effects and anesthetic qualities of diethyl ether were demonstrated and with its superiority to chloroform being proved by William Morton, the medical community rapidly adopted it as the anesthetic of choice.

The usage of over is correct, hence a, b & e is incorrect

(C) and its superiority over chloroform had been - Correct
(D) its superiority over chloroform - Incorrect - supporting verb is absent
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The word "and" connects two sentences that are paralleled in structure, thus there must be a full sentence after "and"
A. Incorrect. "with" is uncalled for.
B. Incorrect. This is a fragmented sentence
C. Correct. This option makes a full sentence with verb in past participle conveying correctly the event had happened before the the event in part 2 of the sentence.
D. Incorrect. Missing verb.
E. Incorrect. "with" is uncalled for.
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A) and with its superiority to chloroform being

Incorrect use of being and to word
(B) and its superiority to chloroform

Incorrect use of ‘to’

(C) and its superiority over chloroform had been

Incorrect use of had been

(D) its superiority over chloroform
Correct superiority over is correct


(E) with its superiority to chloroform having been
Incorrect superiority to and having been

Posted from my mobile device
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Once the physiological effects and anesthetic qualities of diethyl ether were demonstrated and with its superiority to chloroform being proved by William Morton, the medical community rapidly adopted it as the anesthetic of choice.

(A) and with its superiority to chloroform being Incorrect
(B) and its superiority to chloroformIncorrect
(C) and its superiority over chloroform had beenCorrect
(D) its superiority over chloroformIncorrect
(E) with its superiority to chloroform having beenIncorrect
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Let's analyse each answer choice:

(A)and with its superiority to chloroform being

The part: '...and with it's its superiority ... ' is sounding awkward and ungrammatical.
Also, "the physiological effects and anesthetic qualities of diethyl ether were demonstrated" is in the passive past tense, while "with its superiority to chloroform being proved by William Morton" is in the present progressive. So the parallel structure is not maintained.
Also, I think the usage of 'being' is generally wrong, when it comes to the GMAT, although there is no definite rule for that.
(eliminate)

(B) "and its superiority to chloroform"

This seems to be changing the intended meaning of the sentence. Also, I think that there is a missing verb in this. So the sentence is sounding un-grammatical.
(eliminate)

(C) "and its superiority over chloroform had been"
This maintains parallel structure with the previous clause and uses the correct preposition "over" to compare diethyl ether and chloroform.
The usage of had been (past perfect) denotes th e correct sequence of events. It suggests that William first proved something and then the medical community adopted that.
(let's keep it for now)

(D) "its superiority over chloroform"
This option lacks the conjunction "and", and the sentence sounds grammatically incorrect and awkward.
(eliminate)

(E) "with its superiority to chloroform having been"
The usage of "having been" is awkward and unnecessary.
(eliminate)

I will go with option C.
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B is the right answer.

Superiority to is better than superiority over.
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Once the physiological effects and anesthetic qualities of diethyl ether were demonstrated and with its superiority to chloroform being proved by William Morton, the medical community rapidly adopted it as the anesthetic of choice.

(A) and with its superiority to chloroform being
Incorrect. The sentence incorrectly suggests that medical community along with diethyl ether's superiority adopted diethyl ether.

(B) and its superiority to chloroform
Correct. This choice maintains proper parallelism - Once the physiological effects and anesthetic qualities of diethyl ether were demonstrated and its superiority to chloroform proved by William Morton - and so is the correct choice.

(C) and its superiority over chloroform had been
Incorrect. The sentence means to convey that - Once A and B happened, C happened. So use of had been is unneccessary.

(D) its superiority over chloroform
Incorrect. This sentence connects two independent clauses -'Once the....were demonstrated' and 'its superiority ....by William Morton' - incorrectly.

(E) with its superiority to chloroform having been
Incorrect. The sentence means to convey that - Once A and B happened, C happened. So use of having been is unneccessary.
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The original sentence is grammatically correct, but it is a bit wordy. The phrase "and with its superiority to chloroform being" is a bit redundant, as the word "being" already implies "superiority."

The best way to improve the sentence is to remove the phrase "and with its superiority to chloroform being." This will make the sentence more concise and clear.

The other answer choices are not as good as (B).

(A) is the same as the original sentence and is therefore wordy.
(C) is grammatically incorrect. The past perfect tense "had been" is not necessary in this sentence, as the action of "proving" happened at the same time as the action of "demonstrating."
(D) is also grammatically incorrect. The phrase "its superiority over chloroform" is not parallel to the phrase "the physiological effects and anesthetic qualities of diethyl ether."
(E) is not as clear as (B). The phrase "with its superiority to chloroform having been" is a bit awkward, and it does not clearly state that the medical community adopted diethyl ether because it was superior to chloroform.
Therefore, the best answer is (B).
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Once the physiological effects and anesthetic qualities of diethyl ether were demonstrated and with its superiority to chloroform being proved by William Morton, the medical community rapidly adopted it as the anesthetic of choice.

(A) and with its superiority to chloroform being
Incorrect - In this option - and is the parallel marker (clause and clause). But the clause "with its superiority...... being proved...." lacks a main verb. Usage of with is awkward.
(B) and its superiority to chloroform
Correct - correct parallelism and usage of idiom - superior to
(C) and its superiority over chloroform had been
Incorrect - superiority over is not the correct usage. Also, usage of had been proved is incorrect
(D) its superiority over chloroform
Incorrect - superiority over is not the correct usage.
(E) with its superiority to chloroform having been
incorrect - usage of with is incorrect. having been proved is incorrect.
Answer B
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Bunuel
Once the physiological effects and anesthetic qualities of diethyl ether were demonstrated and with its superiority to chloroform being proved by William Morton, the medical community rapidly adopted it as the anesthetic of choice.

(A) and with its superiority to chloroform being
(B) and its superiority to chloroform
(C) and its superiority over chloroform had been
(D) its superiority over chloroform
(E) with its superiority to chloroform having been


 


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We are talking about two pasts here, So, had is a need for the earlier past event. The only answer with had is option C.
Anyway, here are details for each option elimination:

(A) and with its superiority to chloroform being - Not parallel
(B) and its superiority to chloroform - Not parallel,
(C) and its superiority over chloroform had been - Correct
(D) its superiority over chloroform - No and here
(E) with its superiority to chloroform having been - Over is giving more precise meaning than to. Also and is needed.

C
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Once the physiological effects and anesthetic qualities of diethyl ether were demonstrated and with its superiority to chloroform being proved by William Morton, the medical community rapidly adopted it as the anesthetic of choice.

(A) and with its superiority to chloroform being
(B) and its superiority to chloroform
(C) and its superiority over chloroform had been
(D) its superiority over chloroform
(E) with its superiority to chloroform having been

Let us start

A) it's complicated sentence and so wordy. Cross out
B) it looks like pretty good, leave in
C) had been is unnecessary, cross out
D) there should be some kind of linking words like and or ..Cross out
E) the same mistake like Answer C

Answer:B
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Once the physiological effects and anesthetic qualities of diethyl ether were demonstrated and with its superiority to chloroform being proved by William Morton, the medical community rapidly adopted it as the anesthetic of choice.

(A) and with its superiority to chloroform being
and is a parallelism marker. and with its superiority changes meaning in a way what is this "with" .

(B) and its superiority to chloroform
and is a parallelism marker. its refer to diethyl ether and its superiority to chloroform proved by . Proved by is a verb-ed modifier and modifies superiority to chloroform. Looks good overall

(C) and its superiority over chloroform had been
and is a parallelism market and had been suggests that proof of superiority happened before physiological effects and anaesthetic qualities were demonstrated. However meaning wise it wants to say that "once two things happened, physiological effects and anaesthetic qualities were demonstrated, and its superiority to chloroform proved during same period ". Also had been sentence and before that are not related so usage of had been is indequate

(D) its superiority over chloroform
changes meaning and grammatical incorrect were demonstrated its superiority does not look right.

(E) with its superiority to chloroform having been
demonstrated with its superiority to chloroform changes meaning as if something was demonstrated with its superiority to chloroform

B is the answer
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Bunuel
Once the physiological effects and anesthetic qualities of diethyl ether were demonstrated and with its superiority to chloroform being proved by William Morton, the medical community rapidly adopted it as the anesthetic of choice.

(A) and with its superiority to chloroform being
(B) and its superiority to chloroform
(C) and its superiority over chloroform had been
(D) its superiority over chloroform
(E) with its superiority to chloroform having been


 


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IMO B best maintains the parallelism in comparing (1) A+B of diethyl ether WERE demonstrated and (2) superiority PROVED

While I think E is grammatically correct, it distorts the meaning with emphasis of only A+B of diethyl ether being the requirement to adoption.

Once the
physiological effects and
anesthetic qualities
of diethyl ether were demonstrated
and its superiority to chloroform proved by William Morton
the medical community rapidly adopted it as the anesthetic of choice.
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(A) and with its superiority to chloroform being not parallel. use of 'with' seems to indicate that community along with superiority
(B) and its superiority to chloroform Correct
(C) and its superiority over chloroform had been superiority to must be used. had been is wrong
(D) its superiority over chloroform not parallel
(E) with its superiority to chloroform having been not parallel


Option B
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Bunuel
Once the physiological effects and anesthetic qualities of diethyl ether were demonstrated and with its superiority to chloroform being proved by William Morton, the medical community rapidly adopted it as the anesthetic of choice.

(A) and with its superiority to chloroform being
(B) and its superiority to chloroform
(C) and its superiority over chloroform had been
(D) its superiority over chloroform
(E) with its superiority to chloroform having been


 


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(A) and with its superiority to chloroform being -"being" chnages the tense of the sentence to present continuous, which is incorrect. Tense of the overall sentence is simple past. Incorrect.
(B) and its superiority to chloroform - and is used were joining to clauses but this sentence only has a subject and no verb. Proved is a modifier in this sentnce. Hence, incorrect.
(C) and its superiority over chloroform had been - Incorrect. The right idiomatic phrase is "superiority to".
(D) its superiority over chloroform - same as option C
(E) with its superiority to chloroform having been - Correct option. It uses the right idiomatic phrase "superiority to" and also uses present perfect tense to describe an event which doesn't have a fixed timeline.
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Once the physiological effects and anesthetic qualities of diethyl ether were demonstrated and with its superiority to chloroform being proved by William Morton, the medical community rapidly adopted it as the anesthetic of choice.

(A) Incorrect - "being proved" is not a suitable parallel to "were demonstrated" and does not support well the preposition "with"
(B) Correct
(C) Incorrect - "had been proved" is not a suitable parallel to "were demonstrated"
(D) Incorrect - superiority "over" is not the current preposition
(E) Incorrect - "having been proved" is not a suitable parallel to "were demonstrated" and does not support well the preposition "with"
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Once the physiological effects and anesthetic qualities of diethyl ether were demonstrated and with its superiority to chloroform being proved by William Morton, the medical community rapidly adopted it as the anesthetic of choice.

(A) and with its superiority to chloroform being --being is used as a continuous verb. Incorrect!
(B) and its superiority to chloroform - Incorrect! Structure is X and Y were demonstrated and Z proved... Therefore, not parallel
(C) and its superiority over chloroform had been - Structure is X and Y were demonstrated and Z had been proved...Parallel. Though I do not agree with the tense completely, it is the best available answer choice.
(D) its superiority over chloroform - run-on sentence. Incorrect!
(E) with its superiority to chloroform having been - Incorrect usage of having been
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