Bunuel
Once the physiological effects and anesthetic qualities of diethyl ether were demonstrated
and with its superiority to chloroform being proved by William Morton, the medical community rapidly adopted it as the anesthetic of choice.
(A) and with its superiority to chloroform being
(B) and its superiority to chloroform
(C) and its superiority over chloroform had been
(D) its superiority over chloroform
(E) with its superiority to chloroform having been
Experts' Global Official Explanation:Parallelism + Meaning + Tenses + Grammatical Construction + Redundancy/AwkwardnessUnderstanding the intended meaning is key to solving this question; the intended meaning of the crucial part of this sentence is that the effects were demonstrated and William Morton proved its superiority, in a separate action.
• “being” is only to be used when it is part of a noun phrase or represents the passive continuous verb tense; the use of passive continuous must be justified in the context.
• The simple past tense is used to refer to actions that concluded in the past.
• The past perfect continuous tense (marked by the use of helping verb "had/have been") is used when a sentence contains two actions in the past and one action is in greater past as well as continuous in nature; the helping verb "had been" is used with the action that is in greater past and continuous in nature.
• A comma cannot join two independent clauses; such usage leads to the error of comma splice; to correct this error, the comma must be replaced with semicolon or comma followed by a conjunction such as “and”, “but” etc.
A. This answer choice incorrectly utilizes the word “being”, leading to redundancy; “being” is only to be used when it is part of a noun phrase or represents the passive continuous verb tense.
B. Correct. This answer choice preserves the intended meaning of the sentence, maintains proper tense use, conserves parallelism between elements joined by “and”, and is free of awkwardness and redundancy.
C. Trap. This answer choice incorrectly uses the past perfect continuous tense for an action that began and ended in the past; simple past tense is the correct usage here. Please remember, past perfect continuous tense (marked by the use of helping verb "had/have been") is used when a sentence contains two actions in the past and one action is in greater past as well as continuous in nature; the helping verb "had been" is used with the action that is in greater past and continuous in nature.
D. Trap. This answer choice incorrectly uses the phrase “its superiority over chloroform…” to modify the verb demonstrated, incorrectly implying that the demonstration of diethyl ether’s physiological effects and anesthetic qualities was what proved its superiority to chloroform; the intended meaning is that the effects were demonstrated and William Morton proved its superiority, in a separate action. Besides, in the absence of a conjunction as well as punctuation before “its”, this answer choice also suffers from the comma-splice error.
E. This answer choice incorrectly uses the phrase “with its superiority to chloroform…” to modify the verb demonstrated, incorrectly implying that the demonstration of diethyl ether’s physiological effects and anesthetic qualities was what proved its superiority to chloroform. The intended meaning is that the effects were demonstrated and William Morton proved its superiority, in a separate action.
B is the best answer choice.