Official Explanation
As the ocean becomes increasingly polluted, not only are culprits still able to dump trash, they can also discard mine waste such as the sludge and slurry leftover from copper, dredged material, toxic waste, and face few ramifications.
A. they can also discard mine waste such as the sludge and slurry leftover from copper, dredged material, toxic waste, and face
B. they can also discard mine waste that includes the sludge and slurry leftover from copper, dredged material, toxic waste, and facing
C. also discarding mine waste including the sludge and slurry leftover from copper, dredged material, toxic waste, facing
D. but also discard mine waste such as the sludge and slurry leftover from copper, dredged material, toxic waste, to face
E. but also discarding mine waste such as the sludge and slurry leftover from copper, dredged material, toxic waste, and facing
This question deals with parallelism. The verb structure in this list clearly illustrates the correct answer despite there being other differences (such as, that includes, including). Let’s take a closer look at the non-underlined part of the sentence for clues on what we need to match our verbs to:
As the ocean becomes increasingly polluted, not only are culprits still able to dump trash, they can also discard mine waste such as the sludge and slurry leftover from copper, dredged material, toxic waste, and face few ramifications.
All of the verbs in the rest of the list need to match the non-underlined “dump.” Let’s see how they stack up:
A. they can also discard mine waste such as the sludge and slurry leftover from copper, dredged material, toxic waste, and face
This is CORRECT. The verbs in this sentence have parallel structure: dump, discard, face
B. they can also discard mine waste that includes the sludge and slurry leftover from copper, dredged material, toxic waste, and facing
This is INCORRECT. The verbs in this sentence do not have parallel structure: dump, discard, facing
C. also discarding mine waste including the sludge and slurry leftover from copper, dredged material, toxic waste, facing
This is INCORRECT. The verbs in this sentence do not have parallel structure: dump, discarding, facing
D. but also discard mine waste such as the sludge and slurry leftover from copper, dredged material, toxic waste, to face
This is INCORRECT. The verbs in this sentence do not have parallel structure: dump, discard, to face
E. but also discarding mine waste such as the sludge and slurry leftover from copper, dredged material, toxic waste, and facing
This is INCORRECT. The verbs in this sentence do not have parallel structure: dump, discarding, and facing
There you have it - option A was the correct choice all along! By focusing on parallelism (the most common GMAT problem when you see a list in a sentence), you could eliminate all of the wrong choices quickly!
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