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As vital as their igloos, which permit the Innuits to live in reasonable comfort in an icy land, and just as ingenious, are their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that the Innuits are made nearly impervious against any arctic weather.

A) are their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that the Innuits are made nearly impervious against. The correct answer

B) are the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material that they are made nearly impervious to so perfect in design and material should refer to winter clothing. The pronoun they can refer to winter clothing or innuits

C) is their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that it makes them nearly impervious to this option clear the meaning error by placing the winter clothing next to so perfect in design but the use of IT creates a pronoun error

D) is the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material as to make them nearly impervious against same error of B

E) has been the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material as to be made nearly impervious to same error of B

IMO A the modifier is correctly placed and removes any ambiguity the plural verb correctly refers to Innuits
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As vital as their igloos, which permit the Innuits to live in reasonable comfort in an icy land, and just as ingenious, are their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that the Innuits are made nearly impervious against any arctic weather.

We have a split between are/is and has been. Firstly, the subject of are/is/has been is clothing,a singular noun,which must take a singular verb "is". Additionally the use of the present perfect is unwarranted. We need the present tense here. The most important thing is the meaning .Its the Innuits who are made impervious not the clothing.Finally we have the idiom impervious which naturally goes with to and not against


A) are their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that the Innuits are made nearly impervious against.
butchers the subject verb agreement by using "are" rather than "is"

B) are the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material that they are made nearly impervious to
Also butchers subject verb agreement by using "are" rather than " is". Another issue

C) is their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that it makes them nearly impervious to
the subject verb agreement is great and we have no pronoun ambiguity or meaning issue. Their and them refer unequivocally to Innuits

D) is the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material as to make them nearly impervious against
While there is no meaning or pronoun ambiguity error we have an idiom error. impervious goes with "to" and not "against"

E) has been the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material as to be made nearly impervious to
the present perfect is not needed here. We want the present tense here. The meaning is also misconstrued. It's the Innuits who become practically impervious to cold not the clothing itself
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As vital as their igloos, which permit the Innuits to live in reasonable comfort in an icy land, and just as ingenious, are their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that the Innuits are made nearly impervious against any arctic weather.

Meaning: The winter clothing of the Innuits is as vital as their igloos and just as ingenious. The clothing is perfect in design and material. As a result, the Innuits are impervious to any arctic weather.

Splits#1: Subject-verb agreement. are vs is
Split#2: impervious to vs impervious against

Split#1: The subject of the sentence is clothing, which is singular because it is uncountable. It should, therefore, take a singular verb is rather than the plural are. Based on this split, we can eliminate options A and B.
Split#2: The right idiom is impervious to. Impervious against is illogical. Against suggests opposition or some kind of hostility. It suggests that the Innuits and any arctic weather are in some hostility of some sort which does not make much sense. Eliminate option D based on this. Option A also has the same issue.

Based on these two splits, we are left with options C and E. We can use meaning to eliminate option E. Option E suggests that the winter clothing is so perfect in design and material as to be made nearly impervious to any artic weather. It is the Innuits that are made impervious to any artic weather by their winter clothing and not the clothing as suggested by option E. Eliminate option E.

The right answer is option C.


A: As vital as their igloos, which permit the Innuits to live in reasonable comfort in an icy land, and just as ingenious, are their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that the Innuits are made nearly impervious against any arctic weather.

B: As vital as their igloos, which permit the Innuits to live in reasonable comfort in an icy land, and just as ingenious, are the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material that they are made nearly impervious to any arctic weather.

C: As vital as their igloos, which permit the Innuits to live in reasonable comfort in an icy land, and just as ingenious, is their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that it makes them nearly impervious to any arctic weather.
It unambiguously refers to clothing.

D: As vital as their igloos, which permit the Innuits to live in reasonable comfort in an icy land, and just as ingenious, is the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material as to make them nearly impervious against any arctic weather.

E: As vital as their igloos, which permit the Innuits to live in reasonable comfort in an icy land, and just as ingenious, has been the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material as to be made nearly impervious to any arctic weather.
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As vital as their igloos, which permit the Innuits to live in reasonable comfort in an icy land, and just as ingenious, are their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that the Innuits are made nearly impervious against any arctic weather.

A) are their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that the Innuits are made nearly impervious against.>>> clothing requires a singular form of verb.

B) are the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material that they are made nearly impervious to>>> same as A

C) is their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that it makes them nearly impervious to>>> no error.

D) is the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material as to make them nearly impervious against>>>sentence is comparing Innuits' igloos to their winter clothing. Here the comparison is broken.

E) has been the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material as to be made nearly impervious to>>> perfect tense isusually used to indicate two activities which are done in phases, here no two activities are given. So we can eliminate it.

I think C is the answer.
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As vital as their igloos, which permit the Innuits to live in reasonable comfort in an icy land, and just as ingenious, are their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that the Innuits are made nearly impervious against any arctic weather.

A) are their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that the Innuits are made nearly impervious against.

B) are the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material that they are made nearly impervious to

C) is their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that it makes them nearly impervious to

D) is the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material as to make them nearly impervious against

E) has been the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material as to be made nearly impervious to[/quote]

A - "are their" is wrong since clothing is singular
B - "are" is wrong since clothing is singular
C - To me it's not clear who "their" is referring to. This sentence says "as vital as their igloos is their clothing" and then says "it makes them nearly impervious". Their, their, and them but no subject. Although this is more parallel than other choices.
D - This says "as vital as their igloos is the winter clothing of the Innuits". You can argue that now we know that we're discussing the Innuits. However, "so perfect in design and material" seems to be modifying the Innuits, which seems wrong.
E - "so perfect in design and material as to be made nearly impervious" either says that Innuits are perfect in design such that they're impervious or that the clothing is perfect in design such that it's impervious. Both are wrong.

Touch call between C & D for me. I chose D.
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generis

Project SC Butler: Day 192: Sentence Correction (SC2)


For SC butler Questions Click Here

As vital as their igloos, which permit the Innuits to live in reasonable comfort in an icy land, and just as ingenious, are their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that the Innuits are made nearly impervious against any arctic weather.

A) are their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that the Innuits are made nearly impervious against.

B) are the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material that they are made nearly impervious to

C) is their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that it makes them nearly impervious to

D) is the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material as to make them nearly impervious against

E) has been the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material as to be made nearly impervious to

Winter Clothing is singular so require a singular verb. A/B out , D- Has been is not the right tense in here coz no two past events in here.
B/w C&D .....C- is correct because crisp and clear composition.
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Quote:
As vital as their igloos, which permit the Innuits to live in reasonable comfort in an icy land, and just as ingenious, are their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that the Innuits are made nearly impervious against any arctic weather.

There is quite a lot going on in this sentence. Quick read-through shows that the sentence tests Subject-Verb agreement, meaning, and idiom (lets try to solve without worrying too much about the idiom). Let's simplify the sentence first. The Innuits (people who live in the cold climate) have igloos, which are very important (vital and ingenious), and winter clothing, which is also awesome and helps these people to stay warm.

Also, we have a 2-2 split that contains "is clothing" and "are clothing". The noun clothing is a group noun, and I would argue that it can be both plural and singular. So, it is not correct to eliminate (A) and (B) by saying that "clothing" is singular. We need to look for other errors.

Last but not least, one may be terrified by the word impervious. Well, I did not know the word. But I thought hard about the meaning of the sentence and realized that this word is a synonym to "resistant" or "protective".

A) are their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that the Innuits are made nearly impervious against.
Let's think about what "Innuits are made" really means. These people have the fancy clothing that allows them to stay warm. So, Innuits are not made by the fact that they have clothing... We could say "Innuits are impervious to cold weather". Also, the correct idiom is "impervious to" not "impervious against". But as we just discussed, option (A) can be eliminated because of other factors even if one does not know the correct idiom.

B) are the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material that they are made nearly impervious to
This option has the same problem with "made" as option (A). Also, we have a strange situation with pronoun they. Since clothes are plural, technically, they can refer either to Innuits or clothes. So, option (B) is out.

C) is their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that it makes them nearly impervious to
Their and them refer to people, while it refers to a group noun clothing which is used in a singular form in this case. Last, the idiom "impervious to" is used correctly.

D) is the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material as to make them nearly impervious against
This option looks decent, too. However, I would argue that the usage of "make" is again not optimal. Also, the idiom "impervious against" is incorrect (see discussions above).

E) has been the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material as to be made nearly impervious to
Not sure why we need the Present Perfect here. It is better to use a Simple Present tense because we talk about facts. Also, as to be made does not make too much sense. Winter clothing as to be made?..

I spent 2:30 on this problem - the longest I have spent on a SC problem ever :dazed
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As vital as their igloos, which permit the Innuits to live in reasonable comfort in an icy land, and just as ingenious, are their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that the Innuits are made nearly impervious against any arctic weather.

Options B, D and E can straightaway be eliminated as all three of them have parallelism error. "winter clothing of the Innuits" (prepositional phrase) is not parallel to "their winter clothing" (non-prepositional phrase).

A) are their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that the Innuits are made nearly impervious against.
I believe "impervious against any arctic weather" is not correct idiomatic usage. It should be "impervious to" instead.
I am not sure if "are their winter clothing" is incorrect though.


C) is their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that it makes them nearly impervious to
CORRECT.
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At first we see a simple split of "is" vs "are", when we look back there can be three subjects

1. igloos
2. Innuits
3. ingenious


However, we need to ask "what are their clothing Lines ?"

The clothing lines cannot be igloos or innuits; but they can be Ingenious (meaning clever or inventive)
Hence, as Ingenius is singular our verb will be "is".

C,D,E Remains

C) is their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that it makes them nearly impervious to



So that usage is perfectly fine here, although I am, usually skeptical of both "so as to" and "so that", but over here it seems perfectly fine, as the cause and effect are clearly demonstrated over here.


C seems okay, we can keep it.

D) So as to usage is mostly wrong in GMAT, and C is any day better with the usage of such that.
E) Again So as to usage - C is better because of clear and concise language and appropriate usage of "Such that"



Edit: I am slightly confused whether the subject will be Clothing Lines or Ingenious:

1. The clothing lines are Ingenious and Vital
or
2. Ingenious is the Clothing Line.
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"as vital as x and just as ingenious" must be followed by a verb clause to show comparision. Winter clothing is singular, not plural. Hence A and B are out. In D and E 'so as to make them ' is incorrect in this context since they are already impervious. Moreover impervious against is wrong in my opinion but I am not sure. C is the correct choice as it converys the intended meaning and uses the correct idiom 'so x that y' to show intent.
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I have posted the official explanation here
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generis

Project SC Butler: Day 192: Sentence Correction (SC2)


For SC butler Questions Click Here

As vital as their igloos, which permit the Innuits to live in reasonable comfort in an icy land, and just as ingenious, are their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that the Innuits are made nearly impervious against any arctic weather.

A) are their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that the Innuits are made nearly impervious against.

B) are the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material that they are made nearly impervious to

C) is their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that it makes them nearly impervious to

D) is the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material as to make them nearly impervious against

E) has been the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material as to be made nearly impervious to



A) are their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that the Innuits are made nearly impervious against. ----------- SVA (are vs is). ELIMINATE

B) are the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material that they are made nearly impervious to ------------- SVA (Are vs is) ELIMINATE

C) is their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that it makes them nearly impervious to ----------- Error free. CORRECT.

D) is the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material as to make them nearly impervious against -----------impervious to / impervious against --------- ELIMINATE

E) has been the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material as to be made nearly impervious to ----------- usage of “has been” is wrong + “so…..as to” alters the meaning. ELIMINATE
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generis

Project SC Butler: Day 192: Sentence Correction (SC2)


For SC butler Questions Click Here

As vital as their igloos, which permit the Innuits to live in reasonable comfort in an icy land, and just as ingenious, are their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that the Innuits are made nearly impervious against any arctic weather.

A) are their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that the Innuits are made nearly impervious against.

B) are the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material that they are made nearly impervious to

C) is their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that it makes them nearly impervious to

D) is the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material as to make them nearly impervious against

E) has been the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material as to be made nearly impervious to

Hey Experts,

In this sentence "Igloos" (plural) have been compared to "winter clothing" (singular), is this correct?
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Blair15
generis

Project SC Butler: Day 192: Sentence Correction (SC2)


For SC butler Questions Click Here

As vital as their igloos, which permit the Innuits to live in reasonable comfort in an icy land, and just as ingenious, are their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that the Innuits are made nearly impervious against any arctic weather.

A) are their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that the Innuits are made nearly impervious against.

B) are the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material that they are made nearly impervious to

C) is their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that it makes them nearly impervious to

D) is the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material as to make them nearly impervious against

E) has been the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material as to be made nearly impervious to

Hey Experts,

In this sentence "Igloos" (plural) have been compared to "winter clothing" (singular), is this correct?

Hello Blair15,

We hope this finds you well.

To answer your query, there is no reason why plural nouns cannot be compared to singular ones.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
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Dear Friends,

Here is a detailed explanation to this question-
generis
As vital as their igloos, which permit the Innuits to live in reasonable comfort in an icy land, and just as ingenious, are their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that the Innuits are made nearly impervious against any arctic weather.

A) are their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that the Innuits are made nearly impervious against.

B) are the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material that they are made nearly impervious to

C) is their winter clothing, so perfect in design and material that it makes them nearly impervious to

D) is the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material as to make them nearly impervious against

E) has been the winter clothing of the Innuits, so perfect in design and material as to be made nearly impervious to

Meaning is crucial to solving this problem:
Understanding the intended meaning is key to solving this question; the intended meaning of the crucial part of this sentence is that the winter clothing of the Innuits is so perfect in design and material that it makes them nearly impervious to an arctic weather.

Concepts tested here: Subject-Verb Agreement + Meaning + Tenses + Idioms + Awkwardness/Redundancy

• The correct, idiomatic construction is "impervious to".
• Information that is permanent in nature is best conveyed through the simple present tense.
• The present perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “has/have”) is used to describe events that concluded in the past but continue to affect the present.

A:
1/ This answer choice incorrectly refers to the singular noun phrase "winter clothing" with the plural verb "are".
2/ Option A incorrectly uses the unidiomatic construction "impervious against"; remember, the correct, idiomatic construction is "impervious to".
3/ Option A uses the passive construction "the Innuits are made", leading to awkwardness and redundancy.

B:
1/ This answer choice incorrectly refers to the singular noun phrase "winter clothing" with the plural verb "are".
2/ Option B uses the passive construction "they are made", leading to awkwardness and redundancy.

C: Correct.
1/ This answer choice correctly refers to the singular noun phrase "winter clothing" with the singular verb "is".
2/ Option C uses the phrase "that it makes them", conveying the intended meaning - that the Innuits are made nearly impervious against any arctic weather by their winter clothing.
3/ Option C correctly uses the simple present tense verb "is" to refer to information that is permanent in nature.
4/ Option C correctly uses the idiomatic construction "impervious to".
5/ Option C is free of any awkwardness or redundancy.

D:
1/ This answer choice incorrectly uses the unidiomatic construction "impervious against"; remember, the correct, idiomatic construction is "impervious to".
2/ Option D uses the needlessly wordy phrase "the winter clothing of the Innuits", leading to awkwardness and redundancy.

E:
1/ This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "to be made"; the construction of this phrase incorrectly implies that the winter clothing of the Innuits is made nearly impervious against any arctic weather; the intended meaning is that the Innuits are made nearly impervious against any arctic weather by their winter clothing.
2/ Option E incorrectly uses the present perfect tense verb "has been" to refer to information that is permanent in nature; remember, information that is permanent in nature is best conveyed through the simple present tense, and the present perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “has/have”) is used to describe events that concluded in the past but continue to affect the present.

Hence, C is the best answer choice.

To understand the concept of "Simple Tenses" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~2 minutes):



To understand the concept of "Present Perfect Tense" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~1 minute):



All the best!
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