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Difficulty:
45%
(medium)
Question Stats:
64% (01:32) correct
36%
(01:45)
wrong
based on 12447
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History
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Found only in the Western Hemisphere and surviving through extremes of climate, hummingbirds' range extends from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, from sea-level rain forests to the edges of Andean snowfields and ice fields at altitudes of 15,000 feet.
(A) Found only in the Western Hemisphere and surviving through extremes of climate, hummingbirds’ range extends
(B) Found only in the Western Hemisphere, hummingbirds survive through extremes of climate, their range extending
(C) Hummingbirds, found only in the Western Hemisphere and surviving through extremes of climate, with their range extending
(D) Hummingbirds, found only in the Western Hemisphere and surviving through extremes of climate, their range extends
(E) Hummingbirds are found only in the Western Hemisphere, survive through extremes of climate, and their range extends
(A) Found only in the Western Hemisphere and surviving through extremes of climate, hummingbirds’ range extends
(B) Found only in the Western Hemisphere, hummingbirds survive through extremes of climate, their range extending
(C) Hummingbirds, found only in the Western Hemisphere and surviving through extremes of climate, with their range extending
(D) Hummingbirds, found only in the Western Hemisphere and surviving through extremes of climate, their range extends
(E) Hummingbirds are found only in the Western Hemisphere, survive through extremes of climate, and their range extends
Hummingbirds
First glance
The beginning of the first two answers choices is substantially different from the beginning of the other three. Keep an eye out for topics that tend to affect sentences globally: Sentence Structure (including Subject-Verb Agreement), Meaning, Modifiers, and Parallelism.
Issues
(1) Modifier: found … climate
The original sentence begins with an opening modifier: found only in … climate. What is found only in this area?
Hummingbirds themselves, not the range of hummingbirds. The opening sentence contains a misplaced modifier; it is not logical to say that the range is found in a certain area. Eliminate choice (A).
(2) Sentence Structure
Parallelism (X, Y, and Z)
Because the underline in the original sentence contains the main subject and verb (or the core sentence), check the core sentence of the remaining choices.
(A) Hummingbirds’ range extends.
(B) Hummingbirds survive.
(C) Hummingbirds.
(D) Hummingbirds their range extends.
(E) Hummingbirds are found …, survive …, and their range extends.
Answer (C) contains no main verb to go with the subject. The participles found and surviving are modifiers (comma –ed and comma –ing), as is the participle extending (modifying range). Eliminate choice (C).
Answer (D) can be read in two ways—but either way is wrong. Either this choice contains two subjects mashed together (hummingbirds their range) or the subject hummingbirds has no verb to go with it (a correct example might be: hummingbirds are found … and their range extends …). Eliminate choice (D).
The other three choices have appropriate subject-verb pairings, but this examination might have helped you to spot a related problem. In choice (E), the X, Y, and Z parallelism breaks down for the Z element: are found, survive, their range extends. The first two elements are verbs; the third element is a subject-verb pair. In order to be parallel, all three should be verbs or all three should be subject-verb pairs.
The Correct Answer
Correct answer (B) contains both a main subject and a main verb (hummingbirds survive) and the opening modifier properly modifies hummingbirds.
The final modifier (their range extending) may sound awkward or odd to your ear. The test writers are hoping to get you to cross off the correct answer because it sounds funny; nobody talks in this way. The construction is acceptable, though likely to be used only in more formal or academic writing. If this choice did fool your ear, write the sentence on a flash card and re-read it periodically to help retrain your ear that this construction is correct. (You might even try writing your own sentence that mimics this sentence structure.)
(A) Modifier (found … climate)
(B) CORRECT
(C) Sentence Structure
(D) Sentence Structure
(E) Parallelism (X, Y, and Z)
(B) CORRECT
(C) Sentence Structure
(D) Sentence Structure
(E) Parallelism (X, Y, and Z)
First glance
The beginning of the first two answers choices is substantially different from the beginning of the other three. Keep an eye out for topics that tend to affect sentences globally: Sentence Structure (including Subject-Verb Agreement), Meaning, Modifiers, and Parallelism.
Issues
(1) Modifier: found … climate
The original sentence begins with an opening modifier: found only in … climate. What is found only in this area?
Hummingbirds themselves, not the range of hummingbirds. The opening sentence contains a misplaced modifier; it is not logical to say that the range is found in a certain area. Eliminate choice (A).
(2) Sentence Structure
Parallelism (X, Y, and Z)
Because the underline in the original sentence contains the main subject and verb (or the core sentence), check the core sentence of the remaining choices.
(A) Hummingbirds’ range extends.
(B) Hummingbirds survive.
(C) Hummingbirds.
(D) Hummingbirds their range extends.
(E) Hummingbirds are found …, survive …, and their range extends.
Answer (C) contains no main verb to go with the subject. The participles found and surviving are modifiers (comma –ed and comma –ing), as is the participle extending (modifying range). Eliminate choice (C).
Answer (D) can be read in two ways—but either way is wrong. Either this choice contains two subjects mashed together (hummingbirds their range) or the subject hummingbirds has no verb to go with it (a correct example might be: hummingbirds are found … and their range extends …). Eliminate choice (D).
The other three choices have appropriate subject-verb pairings, but this examination might have helped you to spot a related problem. In choice (E), the X, Y, and Z parallelism breaks down for the Z element: are found, survive, their range extends. The first two elements are verbs; the third element is a subject-verb pair. In order to be parallel, all three should be verbs or all three should be subject-verb pairs.
The Correct Answer
Correct answer (B) contains both a main subject and a main verb (hummingbirds survive) and the opening modifier properly modifies hummingbirds.
The final modifier (their range extending) may sound awkward or odd to your ear. The test writers are hoping to get you to cross off the correct answer because it sounds funny; nobody talks in this way. The construction is acceptable, though likely to be used only in more formal or academic writing. If this choice did fool your ear, write the sentence on a flash card and re-read it periodically to help retrain your ear that this construction is correct. (You might even try writing your own sentence that mimics this sentence structure.)
09 Jan 2016, 03:09
Kudos
Bookmarks
RAHKARP27071989
Hi,
you have done a good analysis of the statement....
however a few points from my side..
first about E..
E.Hummingbirds are found only in the Western Hemisphere, survive through extremes of climate, and their range extends..
the way E is written, we take all three items mentioned as parallel, but that is not correct..
'are found and survive could have acted parallely and the remaining one as independent clause, with a construction like under..
E. Hummingbirds are found only in the Western Hemisphere and survive through extremes of climate, and their range extends...
this construction could have been a correct choice..
now choice B..
Found only in the Western Hemisphere, hummingbirds survive through extremes of climate, their range extending..
you are correct that Found only in the Western Hemisphere modifies hummingbirds..
but their range extending.. modifies the entier clause prior to it-hummingbirds survive through extremes of climate..
Due to this capability to survive in extreme climates, their range extends in varities of location..
Hope this helps
04 Apr 2019, 12:02
Kudos
Bookmarks
Hello Everyone!
Let's take a look at this question, one issue at a time, and narrow it down to the correct choice quickly! To begin, here is the original question with any major differences between the options highlighted in orange:
Found only in the Western Hemisphere and surviving through extremes of climate, hummingbirds' range extends from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, from sea-level rain forests to the edges of Andean snowfields and ice fields at altitudes of 15,000 feet.
(A) Found only in the Western Hemisphere and surviving through extremes of climate, hummingbirds’ range extends
(B) Found only in the Western Hemisphere, hummingbirds survive through extremes of climate, their range extending
(C) Hummingbirds, found only in the Western Hemisphere and surviving through extremes of climate, with their range extending
(D) Hummingbirds, found only in the Western Hemisphere and surviving through extremes of climate, their range extends
(E) Hummingbirds are found only in the Western Hemisphere, survive through extremes of climate, and their range extends
There are a lot of things we can focus on here, so let's look at some big-picture issues first, and see how much we can narrow down our choices:
1. Modifiers
2. Parallelism
3. Subject-Verb Agreement
Let's start with #1 on our list: modifiers. We can see from the options given that they contain modifiers, which are a common grammar issue on the GMAT. For each sentence, we need to make sure the modifiers and antecedents match up. We also need to make sure that, without the modifiers, the sentence is still complete with a subject and verb. Here's how things shake out when we focus just on modifiers:
(A) Found only in the Western Hemisphere and surviving through extremes of climate, hummingbirds’ range extends from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, from sea-level rain forests to the edges of Andean snowfields and ice fields at altitudes of 15,000 feet.
This is INCORRECT because the modifier "Found only in the Western Hemisphere and surviving through extremes of climate" should refer to hummingbirds, NOT the hummingbird's range! We can rule this out because the modifier and antecedent don't match up.
(B) Found only in the Western Hemisphere, hummingbirds survive through extremes of climate, their range extending from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, from sea-level rain forests to the edges of Andean snowfields and ice fields at altitudes of 15,000 feet.
This is OKAY for now. The subject "hummingbirds" matches up with the modifier "Found only in the Western Hemisphere" clearly. Also, if we remove all of the modifiers and non-essential clauses, we're still left with a complete sentence:
Found only in the Western Hemisphere, hummingbirds survive through extremes of climate, their range extending from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, from sea-level rain forests to the edges of Andean snowfields and ice fields at altitudes of 15,000 feet.
(C) Hummingbirds,found only in the Western Hemisphere and surviving through extremes of climate, with their range extending from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, from sea-level rain forests to the edges of Andean snowfields and ice fields at altitudes of 15,000 feet.
This is INCORRECT because there is no verb! We only have a subject (Hummingbirds) with 3 modifiers. If we cross out all 3, there is nothing left!
(D) Hummingbirds,found only in the Western Hemisphere and surviving through extremes of climate, their range extends from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, from sea-level rain forests to the edges of Andean snowfields and ice fields at altitudes of 15,000 feet.
This is also INCORRECT because there is no verb! It's another example of a subject (Hummingbirds) with 3 modifiers attached.
(E) Hummingbirds are found only in the Western Hemisphere, survive through extremes of climate, and their range extends from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, from sea-level rain forests to the edges of Andean snowfields and ice fields at altitudes of 15,000 feet.
This is OKAY for now. There are no issues with modifiers in this one!
We can eliminate options A, C, & D because they all have problems with modifiers.
Now that we have things narrowed down to only 2 choices, let's take a closer look at each one to find the better choice:
(B) Found only in the Western Hemisphere, hummingbirds survive through extremes of climate, their range extending from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, from sea-level rain forests to the edges of Andean snowfields and ice fields at altitudes of 15,000 feet.
This is CORRECT! The modifiers and antecedents match up and make sense, and there aren't any other grammar issues we can find!
(E) Hummingbirds are found only in the Western Hemisphere, survive through extremes of climate, and their range extends from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, from sea-level rain forests to the edges of Andean snowfields and ice fields at altitudes of 15,000 feet.
This is INCORRECT because it doesn't use parallel structure! A common method writers use to fix sentences that contain several modifiers is to turn them into lists. There's nothing wrong with doing that - but make absolutely sure that each item is written using parallel structure!
There you go - option B is the correct choice! It uses modifiers correctly, and doesn't have any issues with parallelism!
Don't study for the GMAT. Train for it.
Let's take a look at this question, one issue at a time, and narrow it down to the correct choice quickly! To begin, here is the original question with any major differences between the options highlighted in orange:
Found only in the Western Hemisphere and surviving through extremes of climate, hummingbirds' range extends from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, from sea-level rain forests to the edges of Andean snowfields and ice fields at altitudes of 15,000 feet.
(A) Found only in the Western Hemisphere and surviving through extremes of climate, hummingbirds’ range extends
(B) Found only in the Western Hemisphere, hummingbirds survive through extremes of climate, their range extending
(C) Hummingbirds, found only in the Western Hemisphere and surviving through extremes of climate, with their range extending
(D) Hummingbirds, found only in the Western Hemisphere and surviving through extremes of climate, their range extends
(E) Hummingbirds are found only in the Western Hemisphere, survive through extremes of climate, and their range extends
There are a lot of things we can focus on here, so let's look at some big-picture issues first, and see how much we can narrow down our choices:
1. Modifiers
2. Parallelism
3. Subject-Verb Agreement
Let's start with #1 on our list: modifiers. We can see from the options given that they contain modifiers, which are a common grammar issue on the GMAT. For each sentence, we need to make sure the modifiers and antecedents match up. We also need to make sure that, without the modifiers, the sentence is still complete with a subject and verb. Here's how things shake out when we focus just on modifiers:
(A) Found only in the Western Hemisphere and surviving through extremes of climate, hummingbirds’ range extends from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, from sea-level rain forests to the edges of Andean snowfields and ice fields at altitudes of 15,000 feet.
This is INCORRECT because the modifier "Found only in the Western Hemisphere and surviving through extremes of climate" should refer to hummingbirds, NOT the hummingbird's range! We can rule this out because the modifier and antecedent don't match up.
(B) Found only in the Western Hemisphere, hummingbirds survive through extremes of climate, their range extending from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, from sea-level rain forests to the edges of Andean snowfields and ice fields at altitudes of 15,000 feet.
This is OKAY for now. The subject "hummingbirds" matches up with the modifier "Found only in the Western Hemisphere" clearly. Also, if we remove all of the modifiers and non-essential clauses, we're still left with a complete sentence:
(C) Hummingbirds,
This is INCORRECT because there is no verb! We only have a subject (Hummingbirds) with 3 modifiers. If we cross out all 3, there is nothing left!
(D) Hummingbirds,
This is also INCORRECT because there is no verb! It's another example of a subject (Hummingbirds) with 3 modifiers attached.
(E) Hummingbirds are found only in the Western Hemisphere, survive through extremes of climate, and their range extends from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, from sea-level rain forests to the edges of Andean snowfields and ice fields at altitudes of 15,000 feet.
This is OKAY for now. There are no issues with modifiers in this one!
We can eliminate options A, C, & D because they all have problems with modifiers.
Now that we have things narrowed down to only 2 choices, let's take a closer look at each one to find the better choice:
(B) Found only in the Western Hemisphere, hummingbirds survive through extremes of climate, their range extending from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, from sea-level rain forests to the edges of Andean snowfields and ice fields at altitudes of 15,000 feet.
This is CORRECT! The modifiers and antecedents match up and make sense, and there aren't any other grammar issues we can find!
(E) Hummingbirds are found only in the Western Hemisphere, survive through extremes of climate, and their range extends from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, from sea-level rain forests to the edges of Andean snowfields and ice fields at altitudes of 15,000 feet.
This is INCORRECT because it doesn't use parallel structure! A common method writers use to fix sentences that contain several modifiers is to turn them into lists. There's nothing wrong with doing that - but make absolutely sure that each item is written using parallel structure!
There you go - option B is the correct choice! It uses modifiers correctly, and doesn't have any issues with parallelism!
Don't study for the GMAT. Train for it.
I hope you don't mind if I answer in the place of my brilliant colleague 
